Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2021.2.2
Tang Van Lam, Ngo Xuan Hung, Vu Kim Dien, B. Bulgakov, Sof'ya Bazhenova, O. Aleksandrova
Introduction. Currently, in all countries, Portland cement is used as a binder in the production of concrete, and its global production accounts for 10 % of the total carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere. Therefore, Portland cement can be partially or fully replaced by new cement-free binders, made of large-tonnage technogenic waste with a cementing effect, for example, by finely ground blast furnace slag, fly ash generated by thermal power plants and ash formed during the combustion of rice hulls. Aqueous alkaline solutions (NaOH and Na2SiO3 or KOH and K2SiO3) should be used as activators of setting and hardening of such binders, and calcium sulfate dihydrate can be used to adjust the setting time. Concrete containing new cement-free binders is called geopolymer concrete. Materials and methods. In order to reduce mixing water consumption and maintain the required workability of the fine-grained concrete mixture, a polycarboxylate superplasticizer was introduced into its composition. All raw materials, except for the superplasticizer, were of the Vietnamese origin. The following research methods were used: the composition of the geopolymer concrete mixture was analyzed using the absolute volume method, the workability of the concrete mixture was determined according to ASTM C1611-18 и TCVN 3106:2007, compressive and tensile strength of the concrete, subjected to bending, were tested pursuant to GOST 10180-2012, and the average density of concrete was tested according to GOST 12730.1-78. Results. The co-authors have developed the composition of the geopolymer concrete containing the alkaline cement-free binder. As a result of the heat treatment of the 28-days-old concrete for 6 hours at 100 °C, its compressive strength reaches about 60 MPa; hence, it can be used in the hot and humid climate of Vietnam. Conclusions. This cement-free concrete, in addition to its high strength, has good water resistance and low water absorption. This concrete has economic benefits, and its production will help to protect the environment due to the lower consumption of natural resources and the applicability of large-tonnage technogenic waste.
{"title":"Geopolymer concrete made using large-tonnage technogenic waste","authors":"Tang Van Lam, Ngo Xuan Hung, Vu Kim Dien, B. Bulgakov, Sof'ya Bazhenova, O. Aleksandrova","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2021.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2021.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Currently, in all countries, Portland cement is used as a binder in the production of concrete, and its global production accounts for 10 % of the total carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere. Therefore, Portland cement can be partially or fully replaced by new cement-free binders, made of large-tonnage technogenic waste with a cementing effect, for example, by finely ground blast furnace slag, fly ash generated by thermal power plants and ash formed during the combustion of rice hulls. Aqueous alkaline solutions (NaOH and Na2SiO3 or KOH and K2SiO3) should be used as activators of setting and hardening of such binders, and calcium sulfate dihydrate can be used to adjust the setting time. Concrete containing new cement-free binders is called geopolymer concrete. Materials and methods. In order to reduce mixing water consumption and maintain the required workability of the fine-grained concrete mixture, a polycarboxylate superplasticizer was introduced into its composition. All raw materials, except for the superplasticizer, were of the Vietnamese origin. The following research methods were used: the composition of the geopolymer concrete mixture was analyzed using the absolute volume method, the workability of the concrete mixture was determined according to ASTM C1611-18 и TCVN 3106:2007, compressive and tensile strength of the concrete, subjected to bending, were tested pursuant to GOST 10180-2012, and the average density of concrete was tested according to GOST 12730.1-78. Results. The co-authors have developed the composition of the geopolymer concrete containing the alkaline cement-free binder. As a result of the heat treatment of the 28-days-old concrete for 6 hours at 100 °C, its compressive strength reaches about 60 MPa; hence, it can be used in the hot and humid climate of Vietnam. Conclusions. This cement-free concrete, in addition to its high strength, has good water resistance and low water absorption. This concrete has economic benefits, and its production will help to protect the environment due to the lower consumption of natural resources and the applicability of large-tonnage technogenic waste.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88939463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2021.2.4
Rodriguez Vazquez Solangel, N. Mokrova
Introduction. Reservoirs are important elements of the water resources regulation system; they make a substantial contribution to regional economies. A multi-criterial approach to selection of the best locations for dams is proposed in the absence of exhaustive information on the quantitative assessment of individual criteria. Morphometric characteristics of retaining reservoirs are among the most important tools for analyzing water resources; they represent a quantitative study designated for the mathematical simulation of the most important characteristics of a reservoir and their linking to the indices and parameters that allow to find out the hydrological conditions. The purpose of the study is to select and rank the factors needed to determine the priority locations for the construction of hydraulic structures. Materials and methods. A critical analysis of the research works is carried out; the hydrological, geological, topographical aspects and land use factors are reasonably selected, which allow to propose a hierarchical decision-making model for prioritizing areas where hydraulic structures can be designed. Results. AHP-TOPSIS, a hybrid method of the multicriterial analysis, was used. A reasonable choice of parameters and other factors is necessary to make decisions needed to determine the best area that will accommodate construction works, since it will reduce the amount of pre-project work in a particular region. The reservoir, whose parameters and coefficients are studied, will be thoroughly explored with a focus on its hydrology, topography, geology, and terrain use. The municipality of Manicaragua, belonging to the province of Villa Clara, Cuba, is considered as a case of the practical application of this approach. Based on the information provided by the geographic information systems and the hybrid method of the multi-criterial analysis, a pairwise comparison of alternatives for each of the established parameters was performed, the weights of alternatives were obtained, and the order of prioritization of the areas that can accommodate hydraulic structures was established. Conclusions. The analysis of the priority areas, made on the basis of the selected parameters used as the criteria and alternatives, allowed us (1) to analyze 12,591 districts of the municipality of Manicaragua as the potential locations of hydraulic structures, and (2) to reduce their number to 23 %.
{"title":"Factors used to evaluate alternative options in the course of design and substantiation of feasibility of construction of hydraulic structures","authors":"Rodriguez Vazquez Solangel, N. Mokrova","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2021.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2021.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Reservoirs are important elements of the water resources regulation system; they make a substantial contribution to regional economies. A multi-criterial approach to selection of the best locations for dams is proposed in the absence of exhaustive information on the quantitative assessment of individual criteria. Morphometric characteristics of retaining reservoirs are among the most important tools for analyzing water resources; they represent a quantitative study designated for the mathematical simulation of the most important characteristics of a reservoir and their linking to the indices and parameters that allow to find out the hydrological conditions. The purpose of the study is to select and rank the factors needed to determine the priority locations for the construction of hydraulic structures. Materials and methods. A critical analysis of the research works is carried out; the hydrological, geological, topographical aspects and land use factors are reasonably selected, which allow to propose a hierarchical decision-making model for prioritizing areas where hydraulic structures can be designed. Results. AHP-TOPSIS, a hybrid method of the multicriterial analysis, was used. A reasonable choice of parameters and other factors is necessary to make decisions needed to determine the best area that will accommodate construction works, since it will reduce the amount of pre-project work in a particular region. The reservoir, whose parameters and coefficients are studied, will be thoroughly explored with a focus on its hydrology, topography, geology, and terrain use. The municipality of Manicaragua, belonging to the province of Villa Clara, Cuba, is considered as a case of the practical application of this approach. Based on the information provided by the geographic information systems and the hybrid method of the multi-criterial analysis, a pairwise comparison of alternatives for each of the established parameters was performed, the weights of alternatives were obtained, and the order of prioritization of the areas that can accommodate hydraulic structures was established. Conclusions. The analysis of the priority areas, made on the basis of the selected parameters used as the criteria and alternatives, allowed us (1) to analyze 12,591 districts of the municipality of Manicaragua as the potential locations of hydraulic structures, and (2) to reduce their number to 23 %.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76105995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2021.2.5
A. Rybakova
Introduction. In the middle of the 20th century, technological progress made it possible to enlarge the building elements of buildings as much as possible, which led to the development of new industrial construction systems and increased production rates. However, to date, the issue has not been completely resolved and remains relevant. Modular construction is not sufficiently widely spread today, but many design experts predict its widespread introduction in the near future. The factor that decelerates the development of modular construction is the lack of theoretical foundations in the field of modular design, as well as significant differences from traditional design approach. Materials and methods. The purpose of this work is to develop the theoretical fundamentals of modular design based on the study of regulatory documents, Russian and foreign sources of research works, as well as the implemented projects. The task is to determine the fundamental features of modular elements of maximum readiness: principles of modular design, parameters of a modular element, advantages and disadvantages of a modular system, features of the design processes. Results. The theoretical basis of modular design includes basic concepts, principles and features; the conceptual design process is described using the case of development of an information model; parameters of modular elements of maximum readiness are presented, and the influence of modular items on the life cycle of a construction facility is analyzed. Conclusions. The presented system of principles of design based on modular elements of maximum readiness and parameters of modular elements allow us to systematize the established theoretical aspects of modularity, which make it possible to make modular buildings. The author formulates a new approach to design, which affects the entire life cycle and serves as the basis for new areas of engineering activities and scientific research.
{"title":"Analysis of design features based on the application of modular elements of maximum readiness","authors":"A. Rybakova","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2021.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2021.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In the middle of the 20th century, technological progress made it possible to enlarge the building elements of buildings as much as possible, which led to the development of new industrial construction systems and increased production rates. However, to date, the issue has not been completely resolved and remains relevant. Modular construction is not sufficiently widely spread today, but many design experts predict its widespread introduction in the near future. The factor that decelerates the development of modular construction is the lack of theoretical foundations in the field of modular design, as well as significant differences from traditional design approach. Materials and methods. The purpose of this work is to develop the theoretical fundamentals of modular design based on the study of regulatory documents, Russian and foreign sources of research works, as well as the implemented projects. The task is to determine the fundamental features of modular elements of maximum readiness: principles of modular design, parameters of a modular element, advantages and disadvantages of a modular system, features of the design processes. Results. The theoretical basis of modular design includes basic concepts, principles and features; the conceptual design process is described using the case of development of an information model; parameters of modular elements of maximum readiness are presented, and the influence of modular items on the life cycle of a construction facility is analyzed. Conclusions. The presented system of principles of design based on modular elements of maximum readiness and parameters of modular elements allow us to systematize the established theoretical aspects of modularity, which make it possible to make modular buildings. The author formulates a new approach to design, which affects the entire life cycle and serves as the basis for new areas of engineering activities and scientific research.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80677381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2021.2.6
E. Berezhnova, Anastasia I. Magina
Introduction. The choice of the future profession, that determines the field of occupation, stages of continuous education, and routes to self-fulfillment, is a most important decision made in the course of a human life. The problem of choosing a career is not new, and it remains relevant at the present time. The purpose of the study is to identify the principal motives underlying career-related decisions, that make students choose the master programmes offered by NRU MGSU. Materials and methods. The methods, used by the co-authors, include interviews, didactic testing and observation of the process of its implementation by the students. The analysis and generalization of the empirical data, obtained in the course of didactic testing, have allowed to determine the principal motives underlying the choice of advanced master programmes provided by NRU MGSU. Results. Principal motives underlying the choice of master programmes, offered by NRU MGSU, include the prestige and popularity of professions in the construction industry; competitive compensation packages and career opportunities; satisfaction of educational needs, self-improvement and self-fulfillment; interest in computer systems and IT technologies; dynasties in the construction industry; willingness to serve the society and see the work results. Conclusions. Material and status-related motives have determined the choice of the master programmes delivered by NRU MGSU. This fact is explained by the development of research and practice, the upgrade of currently offered specialties and emergence of new ones, ensuring the advancement of the construction industry and allowing people to maintain their sufficiently high socio-economic status. The second important factor encompasses the motives that deal with the personality and his/her creativity and the motives that are associated with the satisfaction of educational needs, self-improvement and self-fulfillment. This factor substantiates the need to make schoolchildren think about their future profession as a self-fulfillment opportunity within the framework of vocational guidance procedures, and to encourage the manifestation of the need for continuous education, personal and professional development. A comprehensive analysis of motives can serve as the basis for improving the system of vocational guidance designated for schoolchildren and popularization of careers in the construction industry.
{"title":"Motivation for choosing a career in the construction industry","authors":"E. Berezhnova, Anastasia I. Magina","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2021.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2021.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The choice of the future profession, that determines the field of occupation, stages of continuous education, and routes to self-fulfillment, is a most important decision made in the course of a human life. The problem of choosing a career is not new, and it remains relevant at the present time. The purpose of the study is to identify the principal motives underlying career-related decisions, that make students choose the master programmes offered by NRU MGSU. Materials and methods. The methods, used by the co-authors, include interviews, didactic testing and observation of the process of its implementation by the students. The analysis and generalization of the empirical data, obtained in the course of didactic testing, have allowed to determine the principal motives underlying the choice of advanced master programmes provided by NRU MGSU. Results. Principal motives underlying the choice of master programmes, offered by NRU MGSU, include the prestige and popularity of professions in the construction industry; competitive compensation packages and career opportunities; satisfaction of educational needs, self-improvement and self-fulfillment; interest in computer systems and IT technologies; dynasties in the construction industry; willingness to serve the society and see the work results. Conclusions. Material and status-related motives have determined the choice of the master programmes delivered by NRU MGSU. This fact is explained by the development of research and practice, the upgrade of currently offered specialties and emergence of new ones, ensuring the advancement of the construction industry and allowing people to maintain their sufficiently high socio-economic status. The second important factor encompasses the motives that deal with the personality and his/her creativity and the motives that are associated with the satisfaction of educational needs, self-improvement and self-fulfillment. This factor substantiates the need to make schoolchildren think about their future profession as a self-fulfillment opportunity within the framework of vocational guidance procedures, and to encourage the manifestation of the need for continuous education, personal and professional development. A comprehensive analysis of motives can serve as the basis for improving the system of vocational guidance designated for schoolchildren and popularization of careers in the construction industry.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72452853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2021.2.1
Tatiana I. Akhramochkina
Introduction. The co-authors present the findings of experimental studies of the adhesion force arising between a zinc-coated steel plate and concrete. Four specimens were used in testing. Rectangular plates, embedded in a concrete parallelepiped, had different types of surfaces. They were smooth, perforated with holes, or they had connecting elements such as bolts or spikes. The behavior of specimens under loading is analyzed; graphs, describing the dependency between displacements and loading are provided, and the design resistance is determined to analyze the adhesion force between concrete and a zinc-coated steel plate. Materials and methods. Four specimens were used in testing. Each specimen represented a zinc-coated steel plate embedded in a concrete parallelepiped. A test bench, consisting of a load frame and a hydraulic cylinder, which pulled the steel plate out of a concrete parallelepiped, was used in the experiment. Results. Deformation dependences of specimens were obtained, graphs describing the dependence of displacement on loading were drawn for four types of surfaces, loading values that trigger the failure of specimens and dependence between the loading value, that triggers the failure, and the structure of the embedded part of the plate, are identified. The nature of the concrete failure at the interface with a zinc-coated plate is tracked. Conclusions. The results of the experiment enable us to conclude that the joint action of concrete and a steel beam is possible without the use of additional elements in composite structures that have bent profiles. The adhesion properties of materials and the stamped part of the profile are capable of absorbing shear forces arising in structures. For a more accurate analysis of floor slabs that contain bent profiles, additional experimental studies are to be conducted. Specimens, having bent profiles embedded in concrete, will be tested in the course of these experiments.
{"title":"Experimental studies of the adhesion force between a zinc-coated steel plate and concrete","authors":"Tatiana I. Akhramochkina","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2021.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2021.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The co-authors present the findings of experimental studies of the adhesion force arising between a zinc-coated steel plate and concrete. Four specimens were used in testing. Rectangular plates, embedded in a concrete parallelepiped, had different types of surfaces. They were smooth, perforated with holes, or they had connecting elements such as bolts or spikes. The behavior of specimens under loading is analyzed; graphs, describing the dependency between displacements and loading are provided, and the design resistance is determined to analyze the adhesion force between concrete and a zinc-coated steel plate. Materials and methods. Four specimens were used in testing. Each specimen represented a zinc-coated steel plate embedded in a concrete parallelepiped. A test bench, consisting of a load frame and a hydraulic cylinder, which pulled the steel plate out of a concrete parallelepiped, was used in the experiment. Results. Deformation dependences of specimens were obtained, graphs describing the dependence of displacement on loading were drawn for four types of surfaces, loading values that trigger the failure of specimens and dependence between the loading value, that triggers the failure, and the structure of the embedded part of the plate, are identified. The nature of the concrete failure at the interface with a zinc-coated plate is tracked. Conclusions. The results of the experiment enable us to conclude that the joint action of concrete and a steel beam is possible without the use of additional elements in composite structures that have bent profiles. The adhesion properties of materials and the stamped part of the profile are capable of absorbing shear forces arising in structures. For a more accurate analysis of floor slabs that contain bent profiles, additional experimental studies are to be conducted. Specimens, having bent profiles embedded in concrete, will be tested in the course of these experiments.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89000270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2021.1.5
A. Konikov
Introduction. Development and widespread dissemination of information technologies, including the Internet, mobile communications, cloud computing, Big Data, the Internet of Things, digital twin, etc. are being proactively introduced into versatile production and business processes of the construction industry. Therefore, a graduate of a civil engineering university must master the fundamentals of the above-listed technologies and know how to use them in his/her practical activities. It’s particularly important for those specialities that deal with information technologies in civil engineering. However, a number of important areas of knowledge that serve as the basis for mobile communications, the Internet, and wireless technologies, are only taught at specialized universities and schools. Nevertheless, students of civil engineering universities need to understand the theoretical provisions and processes of information technologies. Materials and methods. Systematization, the benchmark method, theoretical generalization of data extracted from literary sources were applied. Results. The founding notions, needed to discuss digital technologies, encompass temporary signal notation, spectral characteristics, spectral bandwidth, time and frequency division, multiplexing, discrete sampling and quantization of a signal. It is impossible to successfully study and effectively use these advanced technologies without having understood these fundamental technologies. The author offers a simplified explanation of these notions and principal processes in terms of their application in the construction industry. Conclusions. The author addresses complicated issues of the theory of signals and their transmission over communication lines. He presents the three key ideas that serve as the basis for multiple advanced information technologies, including time and spectrum signal notation, time and frequency division, multiplexing, discrete sampling and quantization of a signal. The author’s ideas can be used to teach mobile technologies, the Internet, the Internet of Things, cloud and edge computing, digital twin, etc.
{"title":"Teaching advanced methods of signal processing and transmission at universities of civil engineering","authors":"A. Konikov","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2021.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2021.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Development and widespread dissemination of information technologies, including the Internet, mobile communications, cloud computing, Big Data, the Internet of Things, digital twin, etc. are being proactively introduced into versatile production and business processes of the construction industry. Therefore, a graduate of a civil engineering university must master the fundamentals of the above-listed technologies and know how to use them in his/her practical activities. It’s particularly important for those specialities that deal with information technologies in civil engineering. However, a number of important areas of knowledge that serve as the basis for mobile communications, the Internet, and wireless technologies, are only taught at specialized universities and schools. Nevertheless, students of civil engineering universities need to understand the theoretical provisions and processes of information technologies. Materials and methods. Systematization, the benchmark method, theoretical generalization of data extracted from literary sources were applied. Results. The founding notions, needed to discuss digital technologies, encompass temporary signal notation, spectral characteristics, spectral bandwidth, time and frequency division, multiplexing, discrete sampling and quantization of a signal. It is impossible to successfully study and effectively use these advanced technologies without having understood these fundamental technologies. The author offers a simplified explanation of these notions and principal processes in terms of their application in the construction industry. Conclusions. The author addresses complicated issues of the theory of signals and their transmission over communication lines. He presents the three key ideas that serve as the basis for multiple advanced information technologies, including time and spectrum signal notation, time and frequency division, multiplexing, discrete sampling and quantization of a signal. The author’s ideas can be used to teach mobile technologies, the Internet, the Internet of Things, cloud and edge computing, digital twin, etc.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84933788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2021.1.7
M. Sainov
Introduction. Currently, there is no uniform methodology for assessing student competencies and learning outcomes in Russia. Educational organizations develop these methodologies independently. There are no uniform grade allocation criteria, and there is confusion about the concepts of “indicators” and “evaluation criteria” that challenges the assessment of the quality of educational activities and triggers complaints about biased assessments. In this regard, there is a need to set reasonable rules for evaluating learning outcomes. Materials and methods. The author made a contribution in the development of a methodology for evaluating learning outcomes at NRU MGSU. A comparative analysis of the assessment methods described in the publications made by different authors was carried out to identify the strengths and weaknesses of this methodology. The proposed methodology is compared with Bloom’s taxonomy. Results. The analysis has shown that currently used assessment methods are far from being perfect, and a number of problems of their development have been identified. Principles of selecting indicators and evaluation criteria are proposed on the basis of the analysis performed by the author. It is advisable to use such learning outcomes, as knowledge and skills, as assessment indicators. A system of knowledge and skills assessment criteria characterizing their amount and quality is proposed. Conclusions. The proposed assessment method has advantages and disadvantages. Its advantages include clarity and flexibility of the criteria that ensure a comprehensive assessment of knowledge and skills. The disadvantages of the methodology are the complexity of the criterial system and disregard for any personal features of a student in the process of evaluation.
{"title":"A methodology for evaluating student learning outcomes","authors":"M. Sainov","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2021.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2021.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Currently, there is no uniform methodology for assessing student competencies and learning outcomes in Russia. Educational organizations develop these methodologies independently. There are no uniform grade allocation criteria, and there is confusion about the concepts of “indicators” and “evaluation criteria” that challenges the assessment of the quality of educational activities and triggers complaints about biased assessments. In this regard, there is a need to set reasonable rules for evaluating learning outcomes. Materials and methods. The author made a contribution in the development of a methodology for evaluating learning outcomes at NRU MGSU. A comparative analysis of the assessment methods described in the publications made by different authors was carried out to identify the strengths and weaknesses of this methodology. The proposed methodology is compared with Bloom’s taxonomy. Results. The analysis has shown that currently used assessment methods are far from being perfect, and a number of problems of their development have been identified. Principles of selecting indicators and evaluation criteria are proposed on the basis of the analysis performed by the author. It is advisable to use such learning outcomes, as knowledge and skills, as assessment indicators. A system of knowledge and skills assessment criteria characterizing their amount and quality is proposed. Conclusions. The proposed assessment method has advantages and disadvantages. Its advantages include clarity and flexibility of the criteria that ensure a comprehensive assessment of knowledge and skills. The disadvantages of the methodology are the complexity of the criterial system and disregard for any personal features of a student in the process of evaluation.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83888430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2021.1.6
E. Stativa, A. A. Pavlova
Introduction. Corruption risks are essential restrictive factors that hamper the normal operation of the construction industry; they are the obstacles that hamper investment and construction activities; they prevent the successful implementation of government-funded projects and development programmes. Elimination of corruption threats through the expert examination of draft legal acts in terms of corruptogenicity, law enforcement monitoring, research into practical corruption, control over business processes in the construction industry and other actions represent the top priority actions performed within the framework of Russia’s effective anti-corruption policy. Materials and methods. Corruption risks can be easily differentiated depending on specific stages of investment and construction projects. It is logical to distinguish corruption risks at due diligence and project implementation stages, at the stages of construction and commissioning, and at the stage of facility operation. Results. The co-authors have analyzed the anti-corruption efforts exerted in the construction industry both by the federal government and parties to investment construction projects. The co-authors describe several elements of anti-corruption actions aimed at the improvement of the system of state governance, in particular, the co-authors address several actions, taken by the Ministry of construction, housing and utilities of the Russian Federation. The business community considers corruption control as an effectively operating multi-faceted system, that encompasses supervision, reporting, and law enforcement. Today any control over corruption threats, that accompany the implementation of investment and construction projects, is undergoing substantial transformations triggered by the introduction of information technologies (BIM, improvement of electronic purchasing and tendering systems, etc.) Traditional instruments of control (for example, auditing) should focus on the involvement of competent professionals, having in-depth knowledge of construction processes and capable of performing an expert examination of project’s economic and construction constituents and accompanying business processes. Conclusions. The co-authors have substantiated the need to apply a flexible multi-faceted approach to corruption control, which should not be limited to controlling instruments to ensure the comprehensive tackling of the corruption problem.
{"title":"Using special construction and technical knowledge in the fight against corruption","authors":"E. Stativa, A. A. Pavlova","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2021.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2021.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Corruption risks are essential restrictive factors that hamper the normal operation of the construction industry; they are the obstacles that hamper investment and construction activities; they prevent the successful implementation of government-funded projects and development programmes. Elimination of corruption threats through the expert examination of draft legal acts in terms of corruptogenicity, law enforcement monitoring, research into practical corruption, control over business processes in the construction industry and other actions represent the top priority actions performed within the framework of Russia’s effective anti-corruption policy. Materials and methods. Corruption risks can be easily differentiated depending on specific stages of investment and construction projects. It is logical to distinguish corruption risks at due diligence and project implementation stages, at the stages of construction and commissioning, and at the stage of facility operation. Results. The co-authors have analyzed the anti-corruption efforts exerted in the construction industry both by the federal government and parties to investment construction projects. The co-authors describe several elements of anti-corruption actions aimed at the improvement of the system of state governance, in particular, the co-authors address several actions, taken by the Ministry of construction, housing and utilities of the Russian Federation. The business community considers corruption control as an effectively operating multi-faceted system, that encompasses supervision, reporting, and law enforcement. Today any control over corruption threats, that accompany the implementation of investment and construction projects, is undergoing substantial transformations triggered by the introduction of information technologies (BIM, improvement of electronic purchasing and tendering systems, etc.) Traditional instruments of control (for example, auditing) should focus on the involvement of competent professionals, having in-depth knowledge of construction processes and capable of performing an expert examination of project’s economic and construction constituents and accompanying business processes. Conclusions. The co-authors have substantiated the need to apply a flexible multi-faceted approach to corruption control, which should not be limited to controlling instruments to ensure the comprehensive tackling of the corruption problem.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80931553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2021.1.3
E. Sysoeva, I. Morozov
Introduction. The era of high technologies and economy disrupts interaction between man and nature, worsening the state of the environment and living conditions on Earth. In Russia, the construction industry follows a classical development model and applies stereotypical patterns of urban design. Finding problem solving methods means identifcation of problem triggers that help to clearly understand and develop rational problem tackling mechanisms. Green roofs suggest an advanced approach to architecture and urbanization whereby green spaces take the place of new buildings. Supplementary dynamic space is not reduced to its decorative and environmental functions. Materials and methods. We applied such research methods as analysis, the system approach, synthesis, deduction, and comparative analysis. The initial review of the state of affairs in the Ryazan region was performed with regard for the theoretical nature of this study; correlation and regression analysis were employed to assess territories and spaces. Results. The history of green roof systems is analyzed in the article. Systematization of the effective regulatory and technical framework enabled the co-authors to assess the widespread applicability of the green roof technology in Russia. Special attention is paid to the issues that are not covered by effective domestic regulations. The research work has shown that the frst edition of GOST (All-Russian State Standard) 58875 is an attempt to consolidate previously issued manuals and recommendations. There is no information available about the seasonal efciency of green roof solutions in different Russian regions. A number of issues remain unresolved. The “green roof” policy has not been developed. Conclusions. Russia is not ready for large-scale construction of green roofs. Further research into green construction should be carried out with regard for unstable climatic conditions in different regions of the country to confrm the feasibility of green roofing at the legislative level.
{"title":"A research into the feasibility of green roof design in Russia: a case study of the Ryazan region","authors":"E. Sysoeva, I. Morozov","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2021.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2021.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The era of high technologies and economy disrupts interaction between man and nature, worsening the state of the environment and living conditions on Earth. In Russia, the construction industry follows a classical development model and applies stereotypical patterns of urban design. Finding problem solving methods means identifcation of problem triggers that help to clearly understand and develop rational problem tackling mechanisms. Green roofs suggest an advanced approach to architecture and urbanization whereby green spaces take the place of new buildings. Supplementary dynamic space is not reduced to its decorative and environmental functions. Materials and methods. We applied such research methods as analysis, the system approach, synthesis, deduction, and comparative analysis. The initial review of the state of affairs in the Ryazan region was performed with regard for the theoretical nature of this study; correlation and regression analysis were employed to assess territories and spaces. Results. The history of green roof systems is analyzed in the article. Systematization of the effective regulatory and technical framework enabled the co-authors to assess the widespread applicability of the green roof technology in Russia. Special attention is paid to the issues that are not covered by effective domestic regulations. The research work has shown that the frst edition of GOST (All-Russian State Standard) 58875 is an attempt to consolidate previously issued manuals and recommendations. There is no information available about the seasonal efciency of green roof solutions in different Russian regions. A number of issues remain unresolved. The “green roof” policy has not been developed. Conclusions. Russia is not ready for large-scale construction of green roofs. Further research into green construction should be carried out with regard for unstable climatic conditions in different regions of the country to confrm the feasibility of green roofing at the legislative level.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85824722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2021.1.2
Egor P. Bazunov, V. Y. Kravchuk
Introduction. Using underfloor heating to maintain warm temperature inside manned rooms is a widely spread international practice. Domestic design organizations also take advantage of this solution, as it makes a positive impact on the indoor microclimate and thermal comfort. Underfloor heating outperforms traditional heating systems in terms of particular operational characteristics. The application of underfloor heating is a relevant issue, addressed by numerous publications, however, researchers tend to focus on the heat emission capacity of floors that have different constructions. The goal of this research is to analyze the economics of electric and water underfloor heating systems. Materials and methods. The aggregate cost method is employed to perform the economic analysis of underfloor heating systems. The co-authors have calculated capital and operating expenses, broken down by the years. The co-authors compare electric and water underfloor heating systems installed in the rooms having the floor area of 5, 10, and 20 sq. meters. The rooms are located in Moscow. Indoor heat losses are considered to be linearly dependent on the heated floor area. Results. The co-authors have calculated capital and operating expenses incurred in the above rooms. They have also drawn an aggregate heating cost graph for three rooms having two types of heating systems installed. The costs are broken down by the years. Conclusions. Although the research findings describe individual cases, they can serve as the basis for a general conclusion that the payback period of an underfloor heating system depends on the heated floor area and that electric underfloor heating systems are better for small rooms. Further studies can focus on alternative pipeline design systems, different power consumption modes of the pump depending on the circuit length, and non-continuous heating systems.
{"title":"Comparing the economics of electric and water underfloor heating","authors":"Egor P. Bazunov, V. Y. Kravchuk","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2021.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2021.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Using underfloor heating to maintain warm temperature inside manned rooms is a widely spread international practice. Domestic design organizations also take advantage of this solution, as it makes a positive impact on the indoor microclimate and thermal comfort. Underfloor heating outperforms traditional heating systems in terms of particular operational characteristics. The application of underfloor heating is a relevant issue, addressed by numerous publications, however, researchers tend to focus on the heat emission capacity of floors that have different constructions. The goal of this research is to analyze the economics of electric and water underfloor heating systems. Materials and methods. The aggregate cost method is employed to perform the economic analysis of underfloor heating systems. The co-authors have calculated capital and operating expenses, broken down by the years. The co-authors compare electric and water underfloor heating systems installed in the rooms having the floor area of 5, 10, and 20 sq. meters. The rooms are located in Moscow. Indoor heat losses are considered to be linearly dependent on the heated floor area. Results. The co-authors have calculated capital and operating expenses incurred in the above rooms. They have also drawn an aggregate heating cost graph for three rooms having two types of heating systems installed. The costs are broken down by the years. Conclusions. Although the research findings describe individual cases, they can serve as the basis for a general conclusion that the payback period of an underfloor heating system depends on the heated floor area and that electric underfloor heating systems are better for small rooms. Further studies can focus on alternative pipeline design systems, different power consumption modes of the pump depending on the circuit length, and non-continuous heating systems.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75768370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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