Background. Cataract is the leading cause of blindness in Ethiopia. However, the treatment was only surgery; the expected person could not use the surgical service. So far, the World Health Organization’s goal of 2,000 people using the treatment out of a million people could not be met. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of cataract and factors associated with among adult people aged 40 years and above in South Ari district of South Omo Zone, Ethiopia. Method. A community-based cross sectional study was conducted in South Ari district of South Omo Zone, Ethiopia; samples were selected using simple random sampling and eye examination. Data were collected using pretested structured questionnaires. Data quality was ensured by daily supervision completeness and consistency. The data were coded, entered, and cleaned by using Epi.info version 7 and were analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariable analysis was carried by binary logistic regression. Significances were declared by using a p value of <0.05 and AOR of confidence intervals. Result. In this study, the prevalence of cataract was found to be 7.8% (95% CI: 5.0–10.6). There is an increased chance of developing cataract among females (AOR 3.52; 95% CI: 1.39–8.83), individuals with known history of hypertension (AOR 4.5; 95% CI 1.56–13.21), adults aged 70–79 years (AOR 5.07 95% CI: 1.09–23.62), and adults aged 80 years and above (AOR 6.01; 95% CI: 1.29–27.92). Conclusions. Cataract prevalence was found to be high among the study participants. Age, sex, and known history of hypertension were factors associated with cataract.
{"title":"Cataract Prevalence and Its Associated Factors among Adult People Aged 40 Years and above in South Ari District, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Temesgen Wolde Kentayiso, Agune Ashole Alto, Z. Abebaw, Direslgne Misker, Wanzahun Godana Boynito","doi":"10.1155/2023/1996608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1996608","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Cataract is the leading cause of blindness in Ethiopia. However, the treatment was only surgery; the expected person could not use the surgical service. So far, the World Health Organization’s goal of 2,000 people using the treatment out of a million people could not be met. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of cataract and factors associated with among adult people aged 40 years and above in South Ari district of South Omo Zone, Ethiopia. Method. A community-based cross sectional study was conducted in South Ari district of South Omo Zone, Ethiopia; samples were selected using simple random sampling and eye examination. Data were collected using pretested structured questionnaires. Data quality was ensured by daily supervision completeness and consistency. The data were coded, entered, and cleaned by using Epi.info version 7 and were analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariable analysis was carried by binary logistic regression. Significances were declared by using a p value of <0.05 and AOR of confidence intervals. Result. In this study, the prevalence of cataract was found to be 7.8% (95% CI: 5.0–10.6). There is an increased chance of developing cataract among females (AOR 3.52; 95% CI: 1.39–8.83), individuals with known history of hypertension (AOR 4.5; 95% CI 1.56–13.21), adults aged 70–79 years (AOR 5.07 95% CI: 1.09–23.62), and adults aged 80 years and above (AOR 6.01; 95% CI: 1.29–27.92). Conclusions. Cataract prevalence was found to be high among the study participants. Age, sex, and known history of hypertension were factors associated with cataract.","PeriodicalId":30619,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Public Health","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85697289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carmen Vargas, Carolina Venegas Hargous, Janine Harfield, Colin Bell, J. Whelan
Objective. The Victorian Government in Australia has developed Healthy Choices guidelines to ensure that healthy foods and drinks are offered and promoted in places such as hospitals. This brief report aims to present complex theoretical attributes related to cocreation through an accessible example of a competition to create a new name for the previously understated hospital “kiosk.” Methods. A mixed-methods approach using an online survey and semistructured interviews were used to obtain detailed insights from hospital staff members to engage in a naming competition for a hospital-based cafe. Results. The level of engagement in this activity was higher than anticipated by the management staff. Conclusions. Active involvement of staff members through a cocreation process can enable the development of innovative healthy eating strategies and increase staff engagement to further changes in the cafe. Implications for public health cocreation in public health promises effective stakeholder engagement and requires significant scientific advancement. This brief report illustrates theoretical constructs of cocreation through a naming competition activity that occurred as part of a larger project to improve Wimmera Base Hospital’s food environment.
{"title":"Co-creation Approach in Practice: Naming a Cafe Located within a Rural Health Service Provides Added Value to a Health Strategy","authors":"Carmen Vargas, Carolina Venegas Hargous, Janine Harfield, Colin Bell, J. Whelan","doi":"10.1155/2023/9989552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9989552","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. The Victorian Government in Australia has developed Healthy Choices guidelines to ensure that healthy foods and drinks are offered and promoted in places such as hospitals. This brief report aims to present complex theoretical attributes related to cocreation through an accessible example of a competition to create a new name for the previously understated hospital “kiosk.” Methods. A mixed-methods approach using an online survey and semistructured interviews were used to obtain detailed insights from hospital staff members to engage in a naming competition for a hospital-based cafe. Results. The level of engagement in this activity was higher than anticipated by the management staff. Conclusions. Active involvement of staff members through a cocreation process can enable the development of innovative healthy eating strategies and increase staff engagement to further changes in the cafe. Implications for public health cocreation in public health promises effective stakeholder engagement and requires significant scientific advancement. This brief report illustrates theoretical constructs of cocreation through a naming competition activity that occurred as part of a larger project to improve Wimmera Base Hospital’s food environment.","PeriodicalId":30619,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Public Health","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90038504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hephzibah Okyere-Mensah, Emmanuel Appiah Brempong, Prosper Babon-Ayeng, E. Kissi
Background. Client satisfaction is the direct effect of service delivery and, in essence, the basis for quality improvement in any industry. In health financing, it is a significant determinant of clients’ enrolment in an insurance scheme. Objectives. This study sought to assess client satisfaction with healthcare delivery under the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) at a tertiary facility in Ghana. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients attending the outpatient department of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. Questionnaires were administered to 300 purposively selected patients, stratified based on their insurance status. Data obtained were then analysed using mean score ranking and an independent sample t-test. Results. The client satisfaction variable with a high level of satisfaction was observed for physical environment (πins = 3.80; πunins = 3.69). The least rated construct was responsiveness (πins = 2.59; πunins = 2.51). A statistically significant difference in the means between the insured and uninsured was observed for two of the five constructs, namely, communication (πdiff = 0.36; p < 0.05 ) and service availability (πdiff = 0.33; p < 0.05 ). Conclusions. This study advocates for prioritization of measures and policy initiatives aimed at improving responsiveness in healthcare delivery, as the least rated construct. It further draws health providers’ attention to modesty in communication regardless of socioeconomic or insurance status.
{"title":"Assessing Client Satisfaction with Health Service Delivery under the National Health Insurance Scheme: The Case of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital","authors":"Hephzibah Okyere-Mensah, Emmanuel Appiah Brempong, Prosper Babon-Ayeng, E. Kissi","doi":"10.1155/2023/5527246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5527246","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Client satisfaction is the direct effect of service delivery and, in essence, the basis for quality improvement in any industry. In health financing, it is a significant determinant of clients’ enrolment in an insurance scheme. Objectives. This study sought to assess client satisfaction with healthcare delivery under the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) at a tertiary facility in Ghana. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients attending the outpatient department of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. Questionnaires were administered to 300 purposively selected patients, stratified based on their insurance status. Data obtained were then analysed using mean score ranking and an independent sample t-test. Results. The client satisfaction variable with a high level of satisfaction was observed for physical environment (πins = 3.80; πunins = 3.69). The least rated construct was responsiveness (πins = 2.59; πunins = 2.51). A statistically significant difference in the means between the insured and uninsured was observed for two of the five constructs, namely, communication (πdiff = 0.36; \u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ) and service availability (πdiff = 0.33; \u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ). Conclusions. This study advocates for prioritization of measures and policy initiatives aimed at improving responsiveness in healthcare delivery, as the least rated construct. It further draws health providers’ attention to modesty in communication regardless of socioeconomic or insurance status.","PeriodicalId":30619,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Public Health","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83753023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Six different brands of energy drinks (EDs) were analyzed to determine the concentration of caffeine in accordance with the information on the package label. Approximately 28.1 milligrams per 100 milliliters (mg/100 ml) of caffeine was present in the Mo energy drink brand, which was nearly 1.5 times the caffeine concentration listed on the product label. The energy drink with the highest caffeine content was Dragon, which contained 30.1 mg/100 ml, or a total of 150.5 mg per 500 ml bottle. Manufacturers of energy drinks (EDs) should accurately list the amount of caffeine and other ingredients on the product label so that consumers know how much of each ingredient they are taking. Taking too much caffeine can be bad for your health.
{"title":"The Caffeine Content of Energy Drinks in accordance with the Information on the Package Label","authors":"Said Kudema, Claus Thomas, H. Ngowi","doi":"10.1155/2023/9938190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9938190","url":null,"abstract":"Six different brands of energy drinks (EDs) were analyzed to determine the concentration of caffeine in accordance with the information on the package label. Approximately 28.1 milligrams per 100 milliliters (mg/100 ml) of caffeine was present in the Mo energy drink brand, which was nearly 1.5 times the caffeine concentration listed on the product label. The energy drink with the highest caffeine content was Dragon, which contained 30.1 mg/100 ml, or a total of 150.5 mg per 500 ml bottle. Manufacturers of energy drinks (EDs) should accurately list the amount of caffeine and other ingredients on the product label so that consumers know how much of each ingredient they are taking. Taking too much caffeine can be bad for your health.","PeriodicalId":30619,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Public Health","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91042837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affects patients with chronic diseases. Thus, chronic disease patients are among the first high-risk population groups to get vaccinated. This might be challenged by vaccine hesitancy as it is one of the top ten global health issues for 2019. Furthermore, vaccination myths and conspiracy theories have been proliferating, and the developing world can readily embrace them, which might cause vaccine hesitancy. However, there is a paucity of evidence regarding chronic illness patient’s willingness to be vaccinated. As a result, the aim of this study is to determine the magnitude of vaccine hesitancy and associated factors among chronic disease patients in Ethiopia. Method. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adult ambulatory chronic disease patients who were selected using stratified sampling technique from June 1 to August 1, 2021. Data were collected through a face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaire. Vaccine hesitancy was measured based on a questionnaire which was adapted from the reviewed literature. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors, and variables with p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Result. A total of 422 respondents participated in the survey; the response rate was 99.7%. The mean age of the participants was 45 years ± 16.95 and 228 (54%) of them were male. Almost half of the respondents (49.5%) were hesitant toward the COVID-19 vaccine. Participants who were male (AOR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.35), having good knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine (AOR = 1.60 95% CI: 1.06, 2.41) and having a comorbidity (AOR = 3.36, 95% CI: 1.73, 6.56), were factors associated with the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion. The level of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was high. The COVID-19 vaccine’s acceptability was influenced by being a man, having knowledge about the vaccine and having comorbidities. Furthermore, the most prevalent reason for refusing to take the vaccination is a fear that it may not be safe. As a result, public awareness campaigns should concentrate on delivering more information about the COVID-19 vaccine’s safety and efficacy. Furthermore, it is critical to disseminate accurate information, particularly among women, and to educate people about the vaccine.
{"title":"Prevalence of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Its Associated Factors among Chronic Disease Patients in a Resource Limited Setting in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Eden Abetu Mehari, Tafete Getu Mekonen, Melkamu Tesfahun Adugnaw, Ousman Abubeker Abdela","doi":"10.1155/2023/1776205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1776205","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affects patients with chronic diseases. Thus, chronic disease patients are among the first high-risk population groups to get vaccinated. This might be challenged by vaccine hesitancy as it is one of the top ten global health issues for 2019. Furthermore, vaccination myths and conspiracy theories have been proliferating, and the developing world can readily embrace them, which might cause vaccine hesitancy. However, there is a paucity of evidence regarding chronic illness patient’s willingness to be vaccinated. As a result, the aim of this study is to determine the magnitude of vaccine hesitancy and associated factors among chronic disease patients in Ethiopia. Method. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adult ambulatory chronic disease patients who were selected using stratified sampling technique from June 1 to August 1, 2021. Data were collected through a face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaire. Vaccine hesitancy was measured based on a questionnaire which was adapted from the reviewed literature. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors, and variables with \u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 were considered statistically significant. Result. A total of 422 respondents participated in the survey; the response rate was 99.7%. The mean age of the participants was 45 years \u0000 \u0000 ±\u0000 \u0000 16.95 and 228 (54%) of them were male. Almost half of the respondents (49.5%) were hesitant toward the COVID-19 vaccine. Participants who were male (AOR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.35), having good knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine (AOR = 1.60 95% CI: 1.06, 2.41) and having a comorbidity (AOR = 3.36, 95% CI: 1.73, 6.56), were factors associated with the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion. The level of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was high. The COVID-19 vaccine’s acceptability was influenced by being a man, having knowledge about the vaccine and having comorbidities. Furthermore, the most prevalent reason for refusing to take the vaccination is a fear that it may not be safe. As a result, public awareness campaigns should concentrate on delivering more information about the COVID-19 vaccine’s safety and efficacy. Furthermore, it is critical to disseminate accurate information, particularly among women, and to educate people about the vaccine.","PeriodicalId":30619,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Public Health","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81114742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Aberese-Ako, Wisdom Ebelin, P. Doegah, Mawulom Kuatewo, Lebene Kpodo, Atsu Godsway Kpordorlor, Robert Kaba Alhassan, A. A. Baba, S. Djokoto, E. Ansah
Introduction. To successfully manage COVID-19 and to meet the target of vaccinating 22.9 million people in Ghana, the government has adopted community engagement as one of the strategies. Yet, the Volta Region continues to record the lowest rate of vaccine acceptance in Ghana. This study explored how government institutions engaged communities on COVID-19 vaccine preparedness and acceptance in two administrative municipalities in Ghana. Methods. This qualitative study employed face-to-face in-depth interviews among thirty-six respondents comprising of government officials and community leaders and ten focus group discussions among 87 people made up of men and women most of whom were natives and some migrants in two administrative municipalities in Ghana. Data were collected from June to September 2021. Audio interviews were transcribed and uploaded to Nvivo 12 to support triangulation, coding, and thematic analysis. Ethical approval was obtained from the requisite authority, and all COVID-19 restrictions were observed. Results. Government institutions focused on informing communities of vaccines and vaccination with little input from the communities. The Ghana Health Service carried out the most extensive engagement because they had more decentralized institutions. Successful engagement activities resulted in vaccine acceptance among some community members. Challenges in community engagement included insufficient logistics and myths and misconceptions about vaccines, which accounted for some community members’ lack of trust in vaccines, resulting in their unwillingness to vaccinate. Government officials used innovative approaches such as comparing the safety of COVID-19 vaccines to vaccines designed for children under the age of five years to deal with misinformation. Conclusion. Government needs to provide more resources to institutions that are mandated to carry out engagement activities to enable them carry out their tasks. It is further recommended that government institutions should intensify community engagement in distant communities to support the country to meet the target.
{"title":"Promoting COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance through Community Engagement: An Ethnographic Study in Ghana","authors":"M. Aberese-Ako, Wisdom Ebelin, P. Doegah, Mawulom Kuatewo, Lebene Kpodo, Atsu Godsway Kpordorlor, Robert Kaba Alhassan, A. A. Baba, S. Djokoto, E. Ansah","doi":"10.1155/2023/3626862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3626862","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. To successfully manage COVID-19 and to meet the target of vaccinating 22.9 million people in Ghana, the government has adopted community engagement as one of the strategies. Yet, the Volta Region continues to record the lowest rate of vaccine acceptance in Ghana. This study explored how government institutions engaged communities on COVID-19 vaccine preparedness and acceptance in two administrative municipalities in Ghana. Methods. This qualitative study employed face-to-face in-depth interviews among thirty-six respondents comprising of government officials and community leaders and ten focus group discussions among 87 people made up of men and women most of whom were natives and some migrants in two administrative municipalities in Ghana. Data were collected from June to September 2021. Audio interviews were transcribed and uploaded to Nvivo 12 to support triangulation, coding, and thematic analysis. Ethical approval was obtained from the requisite authority, and all COVID-19 restrictions were observed. Results. Government institutions focused on informing communities of vaccines and vaccination with little input from the communities. The Ghana Health Service carried out the most extensive engagement because they had more decentralized institutions. Successful engagement activities resulted in vaccine acceptance among some community members. Challenges in community engagement included insufficient logistics and myths and misconceptions about vaccines, which accounted for some community members’ lack of trust in vaccines, resulting in their unwillingness to vaccinate. Government officials used innovative approaches such as comparing the safety of COVID-19 vaccines to vaccines designed for children under the age of five years to deal with misinformation. Conclusion. Government needs to provide more resources to institutions that are mandated to carry out engagement activities to enable them carry out their tasks. It is further recommended that government institutions should intensify community engagement in distant communities to support the country to meet the target.","PeriodicalId":30619,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Public Health","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82035177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Owusu-Adjei, J. B. Hayfron-Acquah, F. Twum, Gaddafi Abdul-Salaam
Generally, treatment default of diseases by patients is regarded as the biggest threat to favourable disease treatment outcomes. It is seen as the reason for the resurgence of infectious diseases including tuberculosis in some developing countries. Sadly, its occurrence in chronic disease management is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Many reasons have been adduced for this phenomenon. Exploration of treatment default using biographic and behavioral metrics collected from patients and healthcare providers remains a challenge. The focus on contextual nonbiomedical measurements using a supervised machine learning modeling technique is aimed at creating an understanding of the reasons why treatment default occurs, including identifying important contextual parameters that contribute to treatment default. The predicted accuracy scores of four supervised machine learning algorithms, namely, gradient boosting, logistic regression, random forest, and support vector machine were 0.87, 0.90, 0.81, and 0.77, respectively. Additionally, performance indicators such as the positive predicted value score for the four models ranged between 98.72%–98.87%, and the negative predicted values of gradient boosting, logistic regression, random forest, and support vector machine were 50%, 75%, 22.22%, and 50%, respectively. Logistic regression appears to have the highest negative-predicted value score of 75%, with the smallest error margin of 25% and the highest accuracy score of 0.90, and the random forest had the lowest negative predicted value score of 22.22%, registering the highest error margin of 77.78%. By performing a chi-square correlation statistic test of variable independence, this study suggests that age, presence of comorbidities, concern for long queuing/waiting time at treatment facilities, availability of qualified clinicians, and the patient’s nutritional state whether on a controlled diet or not are likely to affect their adherence to disease treatment and could result in an increased risk of default.
{"title":"Machine Learning Modeling of Disease Treatment Default: A Comparative Analysis of Classification Models","authors":"Michael Owusu-Adjei, J. B. Hayfron-Acquah, F. Twum, Gaddafi Abdul-Salaam","doi":"10.1155/2023/4168770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4168770","url":null,"abstract":"Generally, treatment default of diseases by patients is regarded as the biggest threat to favourable disease treatment outcomes. It is seen as the reason for the resurgence of infectious diseases including tuberculosis in some developing countries. Sadly, its occurrence in chronic disease management is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Many reasons have been adduced for this phenomenon. Exploration of treatment default using biographic and behavioral metrics collected from patients and healthcare providers remains a challenge. The focus on contextual nonbiomedical measurements using a supervised machine learning modeling technique is aimed at creating an understanding of the reasons why treatment default occurs, including identifying important contextual parameters that contribute to treatment default. The predicted accuracy scores of four supervised machine learning algorithms, namely, gradient boosting, logistic regression, random forest, and support vector machine were 0.87, 0.90, 0.81, and 0.77, respectively. Additionally, performance indicators such as the positive predicted value score for the four models ranged between 98.72%–98.87%, and the negative predicted values of gradient boosting, logistic regression, random forest, and support vector machine were 50%, 75%, 22.22%, and 50%, respectively. Logistic regression appears to have the highest negative-predicted value score of 75%, with the smallest error margin of 25% and the highest accuracy score of 0.90, and the random forest had the lowest negative predicted value score of 22.22%, registering the highest error margin of 77.78%. By performing a chi-square correlation statistic test of variable independence, this study suggests that age, presence of comorbidities, concern for long queuing/waiting time at treatment facilities, availability of qualified clinicians, and the patient’s nutritional state whether on a controlled diet or not are likely to affect their adherence to disease treatment and could result in an increased risk of default.","PeriodicalId":30619,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Public Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80133373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. India is one of the countries in the world most heavily impacted by tuberculosis (TB). In 2015, TB was a leading cause of death, killing 1.4 million people worldwide. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and associated factors regarding the transmission of TB among women in India. Method. We used publicly available datasets collected as part of the NFHS during 2015–16 in India. Data related to sociodemographic factors and knowledge about the transmission of TB among women (N = 699,686) were extracted using STATA. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with the knowledge of TB transmission among women. Results. Among 699,686 women, 88.36% knew about TB, 59.81% recognized that tuberculosis spreads by air through coughing or sneezing, and 78.55% understood that tuberculosis is a curable disease indicating correct knowledge about TB. 70.74% of the women were from rural areas with 59.29% having a secondary or higher level of education and 40.41% living in poverty. Multivariable analysis indicated that the probability of having good knowledge of TB was consistently significant among women with higher education [aOR: 2.502; 95% CI: 2.454–2.551]; women living in rich households (highest wealth quintile) [aOR: 1.590; 95% CI: 1.556–1.625]; and women residing in urban areas [aOR: 1.191; 95% CI: 1.166–1.215] than their rural counterparts. Conclusion. The findings of this study showed that women in India have moderately good knowledge and a correct attitude towards tuberculosis. However, the level of information varies with the various sociodemographic factors such as age group, place of residence, education, wealth index, religion, and caste/tribe bearing a positive causal relationship between the knowledge and TB transmission and hence the resulting attitude.
{"title":"Sociodemographic Determinants of Knowledge towards Tuberculosis Transmission among Women of 15–49 Years of Age in India","authors":"Baikunth Kumar Yadav, Pranveer Singh, B. Padhi","doi":"10.1155/2022/2141777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2141777","url":null,"abstract":"Background. India is one of the countries in the world most heavily impacted by tuberculosis (TB). In 2015, TB was a leading cause of death, killing 1.4 million people worldwide. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and associated factors regarding the transmission of TB among women in India. Method. We used publicly available datasets collected as part of the NFHS during 2015–16 in India. Data related to sociodemographic factors and knowledge about the transmission of TB among women (N = 699,686) were extracted using STATA. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with the knowledge of TB transmission among women. Results. Among 699,686 women, 88.36% knew about TB, 59.81% recognized that tuberculosis spreads by air through coughing or sneezing, and 78.55% understood that tuberculosis is a curable disease indicating correct knowledge about TB. 70.74% of the women were from rural areas with 59.29% having a secondary or higher level of education and 40.41% living in poverty. Multivariable analysis indicated that the probability of having good knowledge of TB was consistently significant among women with higher education [aOR: 2.502; 95% CI: 2.454–2.551]; women living in rich households (highest wealth quintile) [aOR: 1.590; 95% CI: 1.556–1.625]; and women residing in urban areas [aOR: 1.191; 95% CI: 1.166–1.215] than their rural counterparts. Conclusion. The findings of this study showed that women in India have moderately good knowledge and a correct attitude towards tuberculosis. However, the level of information varies with the various sociodemographic factors such as age group, place of residence, education, wealth index, religion, and caste/tribe bearing a positive causal relationship between the knowledge and TB transmission and hence the resulting attitude.","PeriodicalId":30619,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Public Health","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89951031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Community nurses deliver comprehensive nursing care to patients living outside of hospital settings and play a crucial role in meeting individual and public health needs. Research is essential in providing evidence-based care for patients; however, most community nurses are not research active, with few relevant studies and little funding for community nursing research. To address this, four National Institute for Health Research senior nurse researchers in England conducted a James Lind Alliance priority setting partnership in community nursing with the aim of raising the international profile of community nursing research through the identification of meaningful research priorities that matter to this community. Community nurses, patients, and carers were integral to the process, which aimed to identify the top ten unanswered questions to inform community nursing practice. The Priority Setting Partnership process utilised a coproduction, mixed-methods approach. It involved consultation meetings with stakeholder partners and nested quantitative surveys. The study ran from March 2020 until September 2021, and numerous unanswered evidence uncertainties were identified. The top ten priority questions included nursing and patient focussed issues, which reflect the complexity of care delivered to patients and the workforce pressures community nurses face. Findings reflect the views of community nurses, patients, and carers and highlight areas that need attention to ensure research is embedded within community nursing settings. Identification of the top ten priorities has provided an international platform for community nursing research. This must be sustained through engagement, collaboration, funding, and innovation and has widespread implications for developing the community nursing workforce and optimising the safety and quality of patient care.
{"title":"Identifying the Top Ten Unanswered Questions in Community Nursing: A James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership in Community Nursing","authors":"C. Henshall, L. Jones, C. Armitage, L. Tomlinson","doi":"10.1155/2022/2213945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2213945","url":null,"abstract":"Community nurses deliver comprehensive nursing care to patients living outside of hospital settings and play a crucial role in meeting individual and public health needs. Research is essential in providing evidence-based care for patients; however, most community nurses are not research active, with few relevant studies and little funding for community nursing research. To address this, four National Institute for Health Research senior nurse researchers in England conducted a James Lind Alliance priority setting partnership in community nursing with the aim of raising the international profile of community nursing research through the identification of meaningful research priorities that matter to this community. Community nurses, patients, and carers were integral to the process, which aimed to identify the top ten unanswered questions to inform community nursing practice. The Priority Setting Partnership process utilised a coproduction, mixed-methods approach. It involved consultation meetings with stakeholder partners and nested quantitative surveys. The study ran from March 2020 until September 2021, and numerous unanswered evidence uncertainties were identified. The top ten priority questions included nursing and patient focussed issues, which reflect the complexity of care delivered to patients and the workforce pressures community nurses face. Findings reflect the views of community nurses, patients, and carers and highlight areas that need attention to ensure research is embedded within community nursing settings. Identification of the top ten priorities has provided an international platform for community nursing research. This must be sustained through engagement, collaboration, funding, and innovation and has widespread implications for developing the community nursing workforce and optimising the safety and quality of patient care.","PeriodicalId":30619,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Public Health","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79190079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Agbeko, R. Owusu, Y. Alhassan, T. Letsa, W. Axame, Deda Ogum-Alangea
Background. Quality of life (QoL) and HIV/AIDS serostatus disclosure are vital HIV outcome indicators. This study examined factors associated with QoL, HIV status disclosure, and the relationship between QoL and disclosure among people living with HIV (PLWHIV) at the Ho Teaching Hospital. Methods. We conducted a hospital-based cross-sectional survey among 311 PLWHIV. The World Health Organization WHOQOL-HIV BREF questionnaire was used to measure QoL. A semistructured questionnaire was used to gather information on socio-demographics and HIV serostatus disclosure. Multivariate logistic and multiple linear regressions were used to determine predictors of HIV serostatus disclosure and QoL in six domains, respectively. Results. Overall, 88.7% of participants disclosed their HIV status to a significant relation. The majority (98.1%) presented with good QoL, high (83.3%) among participants who disclosed their HIV seropositive status. Patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for more than a year were 8.64 times more likely to disclose their HIV status as compared to those on ART for less than a year (AOR = 8.64 (95% CI: 2.00–37.27), p = 0.004 ). Increasing years on ART (β = 0.37) and being employed (β = 1.31) positively predicted good QoL in the physical domain, whereas higher educational level positively predicted good QoL in the social domain (β = 0.66). QoL was not associated with HIV serostatus disclosure. Conclusion. HIV status disclosure was high. Increasing years on ART increased the odds of disclosure. Although there was no significant relationship between QoL and disclosure, good QoL was high among those who disclosed their HIV status. Increasing years on ART, higher education, and being employed predicted good QoL.
{"title":"HIV Status Disclosure and Quality of Life of People Living with HIV/AIDS in the Ho Municipality, Ghana","authors":"A. Agbeko, R. Owusu, Y. Alhassan, T. Letsa, W. Axame, Deda Ogum-Alangea","doi":"10.1155/2022/6842957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6842957","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Quality of life (QoL) and HIV/AIDS serostatus disclosure are vital HIV outcome indicators. This study examined factors associated with QoL, HIV status disclosure, and the relationship between QoL and disclosure among people living with HIV (PLWHIV) at the Ho Teaching Hospital. Methods. We conducted a hospital-based cross-sectional survey among 311 PLWHIV. The World Health Organization WHOQOL-HIV BREF questionnaire was used to measure QoL. A semistructured questionnaire was used to gather information on socio-demographics and HIV serostatus disclosure. Multivariate logistic and multiple linear regressions were used to determine predictors of HIV serostatus disclosure and QoL in six domains, respectively. Results. Overall, 88.7% of participants disclosed their HIV status to a significant relation. The majority (98.1%) presented with good QoL, high (83.3%) among participants who disclosed their HIV seropositive status. Patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for more than a year were 8.64 times more likely to disclose their HIV status as compared to those on ART for less than a year (AOR = 8.64 (95% CI: 2.00–37.27), \u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 =\u0000 0.004\u0000 \u0000 ). Increasing years on ART (β = 0.37) and being employed (β = 1.31) positively predicted good QoL in the physical domain, whereas higher educational level positively predicted good QoL in the social domain (β = 0.66). QoL was not associated with HIV serostatus disclosure. Conclusion. HIV status disclosure was high. Increasing years on ART increased the odds of disclosure. Although there was no significant relationship between QoL and disclosure, good QoL was high among those who disclosed their HIV status. Increasing years on ART, higher education, and being employed predicted good QoL.","PeriodicalId":30619,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Public Health","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83116134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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