Rich literature abounds concerning the clinical effectiveness of programs aiming to produce weight gain/obesity prevention outcomes. However, there is very little evidence on how these outcomes are produced, and what interplay of factors made those programs effective (or not) in the environment that produced those effects. This study aims to describe the application of realistic evaluation in the field of obesity prevention, as an approach to unravel those components that influence the capacity of a program to produce its effects and to examine its significance in an effort to understand those components. The concepts of critical realism have informed the development of an interview topic guide, while three European programs were selected as case studies after a rigorous selection process. In total, 26 in-depth semi-structured interviews were taken, paired with personal observation and secondary data research. Several grounded context-mechanisms-outcomes (CMO) configurations were described within the respective context of each location, with the mechanisms introduced from each project resulting in distinctive outcomes. This study highlights the potential of realistic evaluation as a comprehensive framework to explain in which contextual circumstances of each program’s effects are produced, how certain underlying mechanisms produce those effects, and how to explicitly connect the context and the acting mechanisms into distinct outcome patterns, which will ultimately form unique configuration sets for each of the analyzed projects.
{"title":"Application of a Realistic Evaluation Approach on Three Public Health Programs Aiming at Prevention of Obesity","authors":"V. Kolovou","doi":"10.1155/2022/3289330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3289330","url":null,"abstract":"Rich literature abounds concerning the clinical effectiveness of programs aiming to produce weight gain/obesity prevention outcomes. However, there is very little evidence on how these outcomes are produced, and what interplay of factors made those programs effective (or not) in the environment that produced those effects. This study aims to describe the application of realistic evaluation in the field of obesity prevention, as an approach to unravel those components that influence the capacity of a program to produce its effects and to examine its significance in an effort to understand those components. The concepts of critical realism have informed the development of an interview topic guide, while three European programs were selected as case studies after a rigorous selection process. In total, 26 in-depth semi-structured interviews were taken, paired with personal observation and secondary data research. Several grounded context-mechanisms-outcomes (CMO) configurations were described within the respective context of each location, with the mechanisms introduced from each project resulting in distinctive outcomes. This study highlights the potential of realistic evaluation as a comprehensive framework to explain in which contextual circumstances of each program’s effects are produced, how certain underlying mechanisms produce those effects, and how to explicitly connect the context and the acting mechanisms into distinct outcome patterns, which will ultimately form unique configuration sets for each of the analyzed projects.","PeriodicalId":30619,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Public Health","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82857722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. Traditional medicine (TM) is widely used in both developing and developed countries to assist in the attempt to curtail the prevalence and increase in diabetes mellitus. Approximately 53% of South Africans use TM to prevent and treat their diseases. There is no conclusive evidence regarding the safety and effectiveness of TM versus prescribed medicine. The most common therapies used by diabetics in Africa include herbal treatments, nutritional products, spiritual healing, and relaxation techniques. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the use of TM in patients with T2DM who are on chronic therapy and living in KwaZulu-Natal. Method. This cross-sectional study was conducted at a district hospital, in which purposive sampling was used to recruit participants and data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Information collected included demographic data, information pertaining to home remedies/TM, and self-care practices employed by participants while using TM. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-squared test, t-test, and multivariate logistic regressions to determine predictors of TM usage. Results. Only 92 (27%) of 340 participants reported using TM, with Indians being the most frequent users (58.24%). Approximately, 83.72% (n = 72) used TM in conjunction with prescribed medication. Most participants (56.32%) acquired TM knowledge from family. The most frequently used TM was lemon and honey, Aloe vera, bitter gourd, green tea, and cinnamon. Traditional medicine use among African participants was 0.56 times (OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.34, 0.93) lower than Indian participants. There were no significant predictors for TM usage among the variables tested. Conclusion. A low prevalence rate of TM usage in T2DM patients was found. A significant correlation was noted between ethnicity and TM use. Large-scale studies are required to determine the additive and synergistic effects of TM in health care. Consideration should also be given to integrating TM into mainstream health care.
{"title":"Traditional Medicine Use among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in KZN","authors":"Lauren Chetty, N. Govender, P. Reddy","doi":"10.1155/2022/7334080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7334080","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Traditional medicine (TM) is widely used in both developing and developed countries to assist in the attempt to curtail the prevalence and increase in diabetes mellitus. Approximately 53% of South Africans use TM to prevent and treat their diseases. There is no conclusive evidence regarding the safety and effectiveness of TM versus prescribed medicine. The most common therapies used by diabetics in Africa include herbal treatments, nutritional products, spiritual healing, and relaxation techniques. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the use of TM in patients with T2DM who are on chronic therapy and living in KwaZulu-Natal. Method. This cross-sectional study was conducted at a district hospital, in which purposive sampling was used to recruit participants and data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Information collected included demographic data, information pertaining to home remedies/TM, and self-care practices employed by participants while using TM. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-squared test, t-test, and multivariate logistic regressions to determine predictors of TM usage. Results. Only 92 (27%) of 340 participants reported using TM, with Indians being the most frequent users (58.24%). Approximately, 83.72% (n = 72) used TM in conjunction with prescribed medication. Most participants (56.32%) acquired TM knowledge from family. The most frequently used TM was lemon and honey, Aloe vera, bitter gourd, green tea, and cinnamon. Traditional medicine use among African participants was 0.56 times (OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.34, 0.93) lower than Indian participants. There were no significant predictors for TM usage among the variables tested. Conclusion. A low prevalence rate of TM usage in T2DM patients was found. A significant correlation was noted between ethnicity and TM use. Large-scale studies are required to determine the additive and synergistic effects of TM in health care. Consideration should also be given to integrating TM into mainstream health care.","PeriodicalId":30619,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84159135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among under-five children in various localities of Ethiopia. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of pneumonia and its associated factors among under-five children who were visiting Ginde Woyin health center, Goncha Siso Enesie District, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods. A health center-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 403 participants by a systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaires and sputum diagnosis. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26.0. Binary and multivariable logistic regressions were used to analyze the risk variables, and P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. The overall prevalence of pneumonia among under-five children was 24.3% (95% CI: 20.1, 28.3). The significant predictors for under-five pneumonia identified were the use of wood as a source of fuel for cooking (AOR = 2.769; P = 0.049 ), starting complementary food before six months of age (AOR = 2.080; P = 0.033), and mixed breastfeeding conditions (AOR = 5.229; P = 0.001 ). The highest under-five pneumonia was observed among children of age below one year (33.6%), rural dwellers (30.4%), family sizes above five (31.8%), children from families with a monthly income of less than 1000 Ethiopian Birr (<19.03 USD) (27.8%), whose mothers were students (61.5%), houses where cooking took place in the living room (37.8%), homes that lacked windows in the kitchens (28.4%), homes that lacked windows (41.5%), and mixed breastfeeders (44.1%). Conclusion. The prevalence of under-five pneumonia in the present study was relatively high. The findings in the present study will help policy makers and program officers to design pneumonia-preventive interventions.
{"title":"Pneumonia Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors among under-Five Children in Goncha Siso Enesie District, Northwest Ethiopia","authors":"Bizualem Abebaw, Destaw Damtie","doi":"10.1155/2022/6497895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6497895","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among under-five children in various localities of Ethiopia. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of pneumonia and its associated factors among under-five children who were visiting Ginde Woyin health center, Goncha Siso Enesie District, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods. A health center-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 403 participants by a systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaires and sputum diagnosis. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26.0. Binary and multivariable logistic regressions were used to analyze the risk variables, and \u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 \u0000 values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. The overall prevalence of pneumonia among under-five children was 24.3% (95% CI: 20.1, 28.3). The significant predictors for under-five pneumonia identified were the use of wood as a source of fuel for cooking (AOR = 2.769; \u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 =\u0000 0.049\u0000 \u0000 ), starting complementary food before six months of age (AOR = 2.080; P = 0.033), and mixed breastfeeding conditions (AOR = 5.229; \u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 =\u0000 0.001\u0000 \u0000 ). The highest under-five pneumonia was observed among children of age below one year (33.6%), rural dwellers (30.4%), family sizes above five (31.8%), children from families with a monthly income of less than 1000 Ethiopian Birr (<19.03 USD) (27.8%), whose mothers were students (61.5%), houses where cooking took place in the living room (37.8%), homes that lacked windows in the kitchens (28.4%), homes that lacked windows (41.5%), and mixed breastfeeders (44.1%). Conclusion. The prevalence of under-five pneumonia in the present study was relatively high. The findings in the present study will help policy makers and program officers to design pneumonia-preventive interventions.","PeriodicalId":30619,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Public Health","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85381239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. Public perceptions of pandemic risk and prevention measures influence adherence to COVID-19 prevention efforts. Even though several factors influence public perceptions, there has been no research on the predictors of COVID-19-related perception in Ethiopia and there are few articles among academic staff worldwide. Thus, this study aims to assess predictors of COVID-19-related perception among Gondar University academic staff. Method. Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 10 to May 10, 2021. Daniel Soper’s calculator was used to determine the sample size. A simple random sampling technique was employed. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using Stata V14. Structural equation modeling was performed to identify determinants of COVID-19 related perception. A p value less than 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval of β were used to declare the statistical significance of the variables. Result. A total of 602 academic staff participated. Mean age of participants was 32.38 (±5.83) years. Family size (β = 0.12), chronic illness (β = −0.19), knowledge (β = 0.11), and cues to action (β = 0.43) were significantly associated with perceived susceptibility. Similarly, educational status (β = −0.11), perceived susceptibility (β = 0.61), and cues to action (β = 0.13) were significantly associated with perceived severity. Likewise, knowledge (β = 0.11) and cues to action (β = 0.62) were significant predictors of self-efficacy. Correspondingly, knowledge (β = 0.23), chronic illness (β = 0.09), profession (β = −0.09), perceived susceptibility (β = 0.19), perceived severity (β = 0.23), and self-efficacy (β = 0.29) were significant predictors of perceived benefit. Similarly, age (β = −0.18), profession (β = 0.10), and perceived susceptibility (β = −0.39) were significantly associated with perceived barriers. Conclusion. Several sociodemographic and other factors affect COVID-19 related perceptions. Intervention should consider those factors to improve COVID-19 prevention practice.
{"title":"Determinants of COVID-19 Related Perception among University of Gondar Academic Staff, Gondar, Ethiopia, 2021: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach","authors":"Amare Zewdie, Adane Nigusie, M. Wolde, Elyas Melaku Mazengia, Aysheshim Belaineh, Adane Habtie, Anteneh Kassa","doi":"10.1155/2022/8346593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8346593","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Public perceptions of pandemic risk and prevention measures influence adherence to COVID-19 prevention efforts. Even though several factors influence public perceptions, there has been no research on the predictors of COVID-19-related perception in Ethiopia and there are few articles among academic staff worldwide. Thus, this study aims to assess predictors of COVID-19-related perception among Gondar University academic staff. Method. Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 10 to May 10, 2021. Daniel Soper’s calculator was used to determine the sample size. A simple random sampling technique was employed. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using Stata V14. Structural equation modeling was performed to identify determinants of COVID-19 related perception. A \u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 \u0000 value less than 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval of β were used to declare the statistical significance of the variables. Result. A total of 602 academic staff participated. Mean age of participants was 32.38 (±5.83) years. Family size (β = 0.12), chronic illness (β = −0.19), knowledge (β = 0.11), and cues to action (β = 0.43) were significantly associated with perceived susceptibility. Similarly, educational status (β = −0.11), perceived susceptibility (β = 0.61), and cues to action (β = 0.13) were significantly associated with perceived severity. Likewise, knowledge (β = 0.11) and cues to action (β = 0.62) were significant predictors of self-efficacy. Correspondingly, knowledge (β = 0.23), chronic illness (β = 0.09), profession (β = −0.09), perceived susceptibility (β = 0.19), perceived severity (β = 0.23), and self-efficacy (β = 0.29) were significant predictors of perceived benefit. Similarly, age (β = −0.18), profession (β = 0.10), and perceived susceptibility (β = −0.39) were significantly associated with perceived barriers. Conclusion. Several sociodemographic and other factors affect COVID-19 related perceptions. Intervention should consider those factors to improve COVID-19 prevention practice.","PeriodicalId":30619,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Public Health","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76581204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. Client satisfaction with seeking healthcare is generally regarded as one of the core outcomes of the health system. Various efforts are underway to provide hospitals with the necessary manpower, medical equipment, and other services to suit the demands of their patients. The goal of this study was to determine the level of client satisfaction with outpatient department services and the factors that influence it at Dilla Referral Hospital in Ethiopia. Methodology. A cross-sectional investigation was undertaken in a hospital setting. An interviewer-administered quantitative data were collected on socio demographic characteristics of respondents and their satisfaction level with the different components of the outpatient services. SPSS version 20 was used to conduct the analysis. The connection between independent and dependent variables was evaluated using bivariate analysis ( p < 0.25 ). To discover the determinants of client satisfaction and control cofounding, multivariate logistic regression was performed ( p ≤ 0.05 ). Result. The study enrolled a total of 419 individuals, with a response rate of 98.3%. Overall, 52.2 percent of clients were satisfied with the health services provided by the hospitals’ outpatient departments. Client satisfaction was significantly predicted by the cleanliness of the consultation room (AOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.06–3.95), payment status (AOD = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.08–2.63), and telling clients about the etiology of sickness (AOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.34–0.87). Conclusion. The general satisfaction of outpatients with Dilla referral hospital’s OPD clinics healthcare services was low. The cleanliness of the consultation room, payment status, and readiness to suggest the service to others were all linked to a positive outcome.
{"title":"Level of Clients’ Satisfaction and Associated Factors with the Service of Out-Patient Department in Dilla University Referral Hospital, Southern Ethiopia, 2021","authors":"Dersolign Melesse, Mehret Tesfu, Bahiru Mantefard","doi":"10.1155/2022/6451755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6451755","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Client satisfaction with seeking healthcare is generally regarded as one of the core outcomes of the health system. Various efforts are underway to provide hospitals with the necessary manpower, medical equipment, and other services to suit the demands of their patients. The goal of this study was to determine the level of client satisfaction with outpatient department services and the factors that influence it at Dilla Referral Hospital in Ethiopia. Methodology. A cross-sectional investigation was undertaken in a hospital setting. An interviewer-administered quantitative data were collected on socio demographic characteristics of respondents and their satisfaction level with the different components of the outpatient services. SPSS version 20 was used to conduct the analysis. The connection between independent and dependent variables was evaluated using bivariate analysis (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 <\u0000 0.25\u0000 \u0000 ). To discover the determinants of client satisfaction and control cofounding, multivariate logistic regression was performed (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 ≤\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ). Result. The study enrolled a total of 419 individuals, with a response rate of 98.3%. Overall, 52.2 percent of clients were satisfied with the health services provided by the hospitals’ outpatient departments. Client satisfaction was significantly predicted by the cleanliness of the consultation room (AOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.06–3.95), payment status (AOD = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.08–2.63), and telling clients about the etiology of sickness (AOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.34–0.87). Conclusion. The general satisfaction of outpatients with Dilla referral hospital’s OPD clinics healthcare services was low. The cleanliness of the consultation room, payment status, and readiness to suggest the service to others were all linked to a positive outcome.","PeriodicalId":30619,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Public Health","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76185325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guta Kebede, Adugna Dufera, T. Kolola, Teka Girma, Daniel Belema
Background. Disclosure of HIV-seropositive status is important for HIV prevention and maintenance of health for people living with HIV and the community at large. Most of the disclosure in our country and elsewhere were after putting the partner at risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. This study aimed to assess prompt HIV-seropositive status disclosure to partner and its associated factors among people living with HIV and attending care and treatment at a health center, in central Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out from September 15, 2019, to March 15, 2020, among 438 people living with HIV who were more than 18 years old and had sexual partner attending ART clinic at Holeta Health Center, central Ethiopia. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. The data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the magnitude of prompt HIV seropositive status disclosure to partner and multivariable logistic regression analysis was computed to identify factors associated with prompt HIV seropositive status disclosure. Results. A total of 434 study participants took part in this study giving a response rate of 99%. Three hundred thirteen (72.1%) respondents disclosed their seropositive status to their partners promptly. Being married (AOR = 2.99, 95% CI = 1.09–8.21), less than 24-months duration on treatment (AOR = 0.185, 95% CI = 0.076–0.454), discouraging response of partner about the test (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.0149–0.780), knowing serostatus of one’s own partner (AOR = 10.42, 95% CI = 4.19–25.19), and using condom always with a partner (AOR = 11.44, 95% CI = 3.37–38.79) were factors significantly associated with prompt HIV seropositive status disclosure to partner. Conclusion. The proportion of prompt disclosure of HIV seropositive status to partner was low when compared to the overall partner disclosure rate. Being in marriage, less than 24 months duration on treatment, discouraging response of partner about the test, knowing serostatus of one’s partner, and using condom always with a partner were identified as predictors of prompt HIV seropositive status disclosure to partner.
背景。披露艾滋病毒血清阳性状况对于艾滋病毒感染者和整个社区的艾滋病毒预防和维持健康非常重要。在我国和其他地方，大多数披露是在使伴侣有感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病的危险之后。本研究旨在评估在埃塞俄比亚中部一家保健中心接受护理和治疗的艾滋病毒感染者向伴侣及时披露艾滋病毒血清阳性状况及其相关因素。方法。2019年9月15日至2020年3月15日，在埃塞俄比亚中部Holeta健康中心的抗逆转录病毒治疗诊所，对438名18岁以上的艾滋病毒感染者和性伴侣进行了一项横断面研究。数据是通过面对面访谈收集的，使用结构化问卷。数据输入Epi数据3.1版，导出到SPSS 21版进行分析。进行描述性分析以确定及时向伴侣披露HIV血清阳性状态的程度，并计算多变量logistic回归分析以确定与HIV血清阳性状态及时披露相关的因素。结果。共有434名研究参与者参加了这项研究，回复率为99%。313名(72.1%)应答者及时向其伴侣披露其血清阳性状况。已婚(AOR = 2.99, 95% CI = 1.09-8.21)、治疗持续时间小于24个月(AOR = 0.185, 95% CI = 0.076-0.454)、伴侣对检测反应不积极(AOR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.0149-0.780)、知道自己伴侣的血清状态(AOR = 10.42, 95% CI = 4.19-25.19)、始终与伴侣一起使用安全套(AOR = 11.44, 95% CI = 3.37-38.79)是及时向伴侣披露HIV血清阳性状况的显著相关因素。结论。与总体伴侣披露率相比，及时向伴侣披露艾滋病毒血清阳性状况的比例较低。已婚、接受治疗时间少于24个月、伴侣对检测反应不积极、知道伴侣的血清状况以及总是与伴侣一起使用安全套被确定为及时向伴侣披露艾滋病毒血清阳性状况的预测因素。
{"title":"Magnitude of Prompt HIV-Seropositive Status Disclosure to Partner and Associated Factors among Adult Clients on ART at Holeta Health Center, Central Ethiopia, 2020","authors":"Guta Kebede, Adugna Dufera, T. Kolola, Teka Girma, Daniel Belema","doi":"10.1155/2022/6167597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6167597","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Disclosure of HIV-seropositive status is important for HIV prevention and maintenance of health for people living with HIV and the community at large. Most of the disclosure in our country and elsewhere were after putting the partner at risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. This study aimed to assess prompt HIV-seropositive status disclosure to partner and its associated factors among people living with HIV and attending care and treatment at a health center, in central Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out from September 15, 2019, to March 15, 2020, among 438 people living with HIV who were more than 18 years old and had sexual partner attending ART clinic at Holeta Health Center, central Ethiopia. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. The data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the magnitude of prompt HIV seropositive status disclosure to partner and multivariable logistic regression analysis was computed to identify factors associated with prompt HIV seropositive status disclosure. Results. A total of 434 study participants took part in this study giving a response rate of 99%. Three hundred thirteen (72.1%) respondents disclosed their seropositive status to their partners promptly. Being married (AOR = 2.99, 95% CI = 1.09–8.21), less than 24-months duration on treatment (AOR = 0.185, 95% CI = 0.076–0.454), discouraging response of partner about the test (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.0149–0.780), knowing serostatus of one’s own partner (AOR = 10.42, 95% CI = 4.19–25.19), and using condom always with a partner (AOR = 11.44, 95% CI = 3.37–38.79) were factors significantly associated with prompt HIV seropositive status disclosure to partner. Conclusion. The proportion of prompt disclosure of HIV seropositive status to partner was low when compared to the overall partner disclosure rate. Being in marriage, less than 24 months duration on treatment, discouraging response of partner about the test, knowing serostatus of one’s partner, and using condom always with a partner were identified as predictors of prompt HIV seropositive status disclosure to partner.","PeriodicalId":30619,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Public Health","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87302338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rosemary Ami Amegbedzi, J. Komesuor, Hubert Amu, E. Tarkang
Background. Despite the implementation of various interventions towards the reduction of breast cancer prevalence, many women still report late symptoms to health facilities, and this decreases their chances of survival. Breast self-examination (BSE) is the most convenient form of examination to detect the development of breast cancer. We examined the factors that influence the practice of breast self-examination among female tertiary students in Ho, Volta Region of Ghana. Methods. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that recruited 506 female students from four tertiary institutions in the Ho Municipality in Ghana using questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics comprising frequency, percentage, Chi-square, and binary logistic regression were used in analyzing the data. Results. About 73% of the respondents had ever practised BSE. Out of the respondents who have ever practiced BSE, 79% were practising it at the time of the study. Students in their fourth year were above 4 times more likely (95% CI = 1.73–9.29, p = 0.014 ) to practise BSE than those in their first year. Also, students with good knowledge of BSE were 4 times more likely to practice BSE [(95% CI = 1.1–13.46), p = 0.036 ] and students with good perception about BSE were 12 times more likely to practice BSE [(95% CI = 1.21–122.73), p = 0.034 ]. Conclusion. The study found that 27% of the female students had never practised BSE. Those who practice BSE did not practice regularly and appropriately. Also, good knowledge and perception are associated with the practice of BSE. The implication of this result is the late presentation of breast cancer cases to health facilities and increases in breast cancer-related deaths in the country. Therefore, it is recommended that the Ministry of Health, the Ghana Health Service, and other stakeholders in Ghana’s healthcare should develop and implement innovative approaches and policies such as peer and support groups’ learning, and mass media BSE awareness aimed at ensuring better understanding and access to BSE education. This should be intensified during the foundation years such as the secondary and tertiary education levels to ensure the adoption of breast self-examination practice. It is also recommended that another study must be done using a qualitative approach to get an in-depth understanding of the steps and ways, by which female students practice BSE.
背景。尽管采取了各种干预措施，以减少乳腺癌的发病率，但许多妇女仍然向卫生机构报告晚期症状，这降低了她们的生存机会。乳房自我检查(BSE)是检测乳腺癌发展的最方便的检查形式。我们研究了影响加纳Ho, Volta地区女大学生乳房自我检查实践的因素。方法。这是一项描述性横断面研究，通过问卷调查从加纳Ho市的四所高等院校招募了506名女学生。描述性统计和推理统计包括频率、百分比、卡方和二元逻辑回归来分析数据。结果。约73%的受访者曾患疯牛病。在曾经患过疯牛病的受访者中，79%的人在研究期间正在患疯牛病。四年级学生患疯牛病的可能性是一年级学生的4倍以上(95% CI = 1.73-9.29, p = 0.014)。此外，对疯牛病有良好了解的学生实施疯牛病的可能性是其他学生的4倍[(95% CI = 1.1-13.46)， p = 0.036]，对疯牛病有良好认识的学生实施疯牛病的可能性是其他学生的12倍[(95% CI = 1.21-122.73)， p = 0.034]。结论。研究发现，27%的女学生从未患过疯牛病。那些练习疯牛病的人没有定期和适当地练习。此外，良好的知识和感知与疯牛病的实践有关。这一结果的含义是，乳腺癌病例向卫生机构提交的时间较晚，而且该国与乳腺癌有关的死亡人数有所增加。因此，建议卫生部、加纳卫生服务部门和加纳医疗保健的其他利益相关者制定和实施创新的方法和政策，例如同伴和支持团体的学习，以及旨在确保更好地理解和获得疯牛病教育的大众媒体意识。在基础阶段，如中等和高等教育阶段，应加强这方面的工作，以确保采用乳房自我检查的做法。还建议必须使用定性方法进行另一项研究，以深入了解女学生练习疯牛病的步骤和方法。
{"title":"Factors Influencing the Practice of Breast Self-Examination among Female Tertiary Students in Ho, Ghana","authors":"Rosemary Ami Amegbedzi, J. Komesuor, Hubert Amu, E. Tarkang","doi":"10.1155/2022/7724050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7724050","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Despite the implementation of various interventions towards the reduction of breast cancer prevalence, many women still report late symptoms to health facilities, and this decreases their chances of survival. Breast self-examination (BSE) is the most convenient form of examination to detect the development of breast cancer. We examined the factors that influence the practice of breast self-examination among female tertiary students in Ho, Volta Region of Ghana. Methods. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that recruited 506 female students from four tertiary institutions in the Ho Municipality in Ghana using questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics comprising frequency, percentage, Chi-square, and binary logistic regression were used in analyzing the data. Results. About 73% of the respondents had ever practised BSE. Out of the respondents who have ever practiced BSE, 79% were practising it at the time of the study. Students in their fourth year were above 4 times more likely (95% CI = 1.73–9.29, \u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 =\u0000 0.014\u0000 \u0000 ) to practise BSE than those in their first year. Also, students with good knowledge of BSE were 4 times more likely to practice BSE [(95% CI = 1.1–13.46), \u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 =\u0000 0.036\u0000 \u0000 ] and students with good perception about BSE were 12 times more likely to practice BSE [(95% CI = 1.21–122.73), \u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 =\u0000 0.034\u0000 \u0000 ]. Conclusion. The study found that 27% of the female students had never practised BSE. Those who practice BSE did not practice regularly and appropriately. Also, good knowledge and perception are associated with the practice of BSE. The implication of this result is the late presentation of breast cancer cases to health facilities and increases in breast cancer-related deaths in the country. Therefore, it is recommended that the Ministry of Health, the Ghana Health Service, and other stakeholders in Ghana’s healthcare should develop and implement innovative approaches and policies such as peer and support groups’ learning, and mass media BSE awareness aimed at ensuring better understanding and access to BSE education. This should be intensified during the foundation years such as the secondary and tertiary education levels to ensure the adoption of breast self-examination practice. It is also recommended that another study must be done using a qualitative approach to get an in-depth understanding of the steps and ways, by which female students practice BSE.","PeriodicalId":30619,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Public Health","volume":"279 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90786987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Timely attendance of the first antenatal care (ANC) is the period in which pregnant women visit ANC less than four months of pregnancy. There is a paucity of data on timely first ANC attendance and its associated factors among pregnant women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Juba. The aim of this study was to investigate timely attendance of the first ANC visit among pregnant women living with HIV. Institutional cross-sectional study was conducted in three public health facilities in Juba by convenience sampling from January 2019 to December 2019. Pearson’s chi-squared test was conducted for bivariate analysis and variables with probability values ( p values) less than 5% were considered as statistically significant for multivariable analyses using Fisher’s exact test. At the multivariate level, binary logistic regression analysis was conducted. Out of the 192 participants studied, 27 (14.1%) had timely first ANC attendance as recommended and 165 (85.9%) attended first ANC at four months and above. Distances (adjusted risk ratio [aOR], 7.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40–36.68), ANC card (aOR, 3.48; 95% CI, 1.17–10.40), waiting time ([aOR], 0.04; 95% CI, 0.01–0.75), and prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services (aOR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.03–0.56) were the factors associated with timely first ANC attendance. Health education interventions targeting pregnant women attending ANC at health facilities should focus on increasing knowledge and awareness of the importance of timely first ANC attendance.
{"title":"Timely Attendance of the First Antenatal Care among Pregnant Women Aged 15–49 Living with HIV in Juba, South Sudan","authors":"Angelina Nasira Boi, J. Izudi, F. Atim","doi":"10.1155/2022/3252906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3252906","url":null,"abstract":"Timely attendance of the first antenatal care (ANC) is the period in which pregnant women visit ANC less than four months of pregnancy. There is a paucity of data on timely first ANC attendance and its associated factors among pregnant women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Juba. The aim of this study was to investigate timely attendance of the first ANC visit among pregnant women living with HIV. Institutional cross-sectional study was conducted in three public health facilities in Juba by convenience sampling from January 2019 to December 2019. Pearson’s chi-squared test was conducted for bivariate analysis and variables with probability values (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 \u0000 values) less than 5% were considered as statistically significant for multivariable analyses using Fisher’s exact test. At the multivariate level, binary logistic regression analysis was conducted. Out of the 192 participants studied, 27 (14.1%) had timely first ANC attendance as recommended and 165 (85.9%) attended first ANC at four months and above. Distances (adjusted risk ratio [aOR], 7.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40–36.68), ANC card (aOR, 3.48; 95% CI, 1.17–10.40), waiting time ([aOR], 0.04; 95% CI, 0.01–0.75), and prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services (aOR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.03–0.56) were the factors associated with timely first ANC attendance. Health education interventions targeting pregnant women attending ANC at health facilities should focus on increasing knowledge and awareness of the importance of timely first ANC attendance.","PeriodicalId":30619,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Public Health","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76222416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Toward 2019, Uganda experienced an extensive outbreak of measles and rubella. The Uganda National Expanded Programme on Immunization implemented a mass measles-rubella vaccination campaign aimed at halting the ongoing transmission. This study determined the changes in the disease burden thereafter. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study on measles-rubella positivity and its associated factors in Uganda using 1697 case-based surveillance data for 2019 and 2020 stratified into two dispensations: prevaccination and postvaccination campaigns. Statistical tests employed in STATA 15 included chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and binomial tests. Measles positivity rates in the period before and after the mass immunization campaign were 41.88% (95% CI: 39.30–44.51) and 37.96% (95% CI: 32.81–43.40), respectively. For rubella, the positivity rate in the precampaign season was 21.73% (95% CI: 19.61–23.99) and in the postvaccination season was 6.65% (95% CI: 4.36–10.00). Binomial tests indicated that postcampaign positivity rates were significantly lower than the precampaign rate for measles ( p = 0.003 ) and rubella ( p < 0.001 ). Generally, age (χ2 = 58.94, p = 0.001 /χ2 = 51.91, p < 0.001 ) and vaccination status (χ2 = 60.48, p = 0.001 /χ2 = 16.90, p = 0.001 ) were associated with the measles positivity rate in both pre/postcampaign periods. Rubella positivity rate was associated with vaccination status (χ2 = 32.97, p < 0.001 / p = 0.001 ) in both periods and age in the precampaign season ( p < 0.001 ). The measles-rubella mass campaign lessened rubella burden remarkably, but barely adequate change was observed in the extent of spread of measles. Children aged less than 9 months are at higher chances of testing positive amidst low vaccination levels among the eligible. The immunization programme must attain and maintain routine immunization coverage at 95% or more and roll out a second-dose measles-rubella vaccination to sustain the reduced disease burden.
临近2019年，乌干达经历了麻疹和风疹的广泛爆发。乌干达国家扩大免疫规划实施了大规模麻疹-风疹疫苗接种运动，目的是阻止正在进行的传播。该研究确定了此后疾病负担的变化。我们对乌干达的麻疹-风疹阳性及其相关因素进行了回顾性横断面研究，使用了2019年和2020年1697例基于病例的监测数据，分为两个阶段:预防接种和接种后运动。stata15采用的统计检验包括卡方检验、Fisher精确检验和二项检验。大规模免疫前后麻疹阳性率分别为41.88% (95% CI: 39.30 ~ 44.51)和37.96% (95% CI: 32.81 ~ 43.40)。风疹疫苗接种季阳性率为21.73% (95% CI: 19.61 ~ 23.99)，疫苗接种季阳性率为6.65% (95% CI: 4.36 ~ 10.00)。二项检验显示，麻疹(p = 0.003)和风疹(p < 0.001)的运动后阳性率显著低于运动前阳性率。一般情况下，年龄(χ2 = 58.94, p = 0.001 /χ2 = 51.91, p < 0.001)和疫苗接种状况(χ2 = 60.48, p = 0.001 /χ2 = 16.90, p = 0.001)与运动前后麻疹阳性率相关。在运动前季节，风疹阳性率与疫苗接种状况相关(χ2 = 32.97, p < 0.001 / p = 0.001) (p < 0.001)。麻疹-风疹大规模运动显著减轻了风疹负担，但在麻疹传播程度上几乎没有观察到足够的变化。在合格人群中疫苗接种水平较低的情况下，9个月以下儿童检测呈阳性的机会较高。免疫规划必须达到并保持95%或更高的常规免疫覆盖率，并推出第二剂麻疹-风疹疫苗接种，以持续减少疾病负担。
{"title":"Measles-Rubella Positivity Rate and Associated Factors in Pre-Mass and Post-Mass Vaccination Periods: Analysis of Uganda Routine Surveillance Laboratory Data","authors":"E. A. Mensah, S. Gyasi","doi":"10.1155/2022/5080631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5080631","url":null,"abstract":"Toward 2019, Uganda experienced an extensive outbreak of measles and rubella. The Uganda National Expanded Programme on Immunization implemented a mass measles-rubella vaccination campaign aimed at halting the ongoing transmission. This study determined the changes in the disease burden thereafter. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study on measles-rubella positivity and its associated factors in Uganda using 1697 case-based surveillance data for 2019 and 2020 stratified into two dispensations: prevaccination and postvaccination campaigns. Statistical tests employed in STATA 15 included chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and binomial tests. Measles positivity rates in the period before and after the mass immunization campaign were 41.88% (95% CI: 39.30–44.51) and 37.96% (95% CI: 32.81–43.40), respectively. For rubella, the positivity rate in the precampaign season was 21.73% (95% CI: 19.61–23.99) and in the postvaccination season was 6.65% (95% CI: 4.36–10.00). Binomial tests indicated that postcampaign positivity rates were significantly lower than the precampaign rate for measles (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 =\u0000 0.003\u0000 \u0000 ) and rubella (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 <\u0000 0.001\u0000 \u0000 ). Generally, age (χ2 = 58.94, \u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 =\u0000 0.001\u0000 \u0000 /χ2 = 51.91, \u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 <\u0000 0.001\u0000 \u0000 ) and vaccination status (χ2 = 60.48, \u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 =\u0000 0.001\u0000 \u0000 /χ2 = 16.90, \u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 =\u0000 0.001\u0000 \u0000 ) were associated with the measles positivity rate in both pre/postcampaign periods. Rubella positivity rate was associated with vaccination status (χ2 = 32.97, \u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 <\u0000 0.001\u0000 \u0000 /\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 =\u0000 0.001\u0000 \u0000 ) in both periods and age in the precampaign season (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 <\u0000 0.001\u0000 \u0000 ). The measles-rubella mass campaign lessened rubella burden remarkably, but barely adequate change was observed in the extent of spread of measles. Children aged less than 9 months are at higher chances of testing positive amidst low vaccination levels among the eligible. The immunization programme must attain and maintain routine immunization coverage at 95% or more and roll out a second-dose measles-rubella vaccination to sustain the reduced disease burden.","PeriodicalId":30619,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Public Health","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90175082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. A. Iwu, Pius Ositadinma, Victor Chibiko, U. Madubueze, K. Uwakwe, Uche R. Oluoha
Background. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighted the challenges and impact of vaccine hesitancy and the role of health care institutions in mounting an effective pandemic response. The study objective was to determine the prevalence and predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among health care workers in tertiary health care institutions in Nigeria. Methods. A cross-sectional analytical design that used convenience and snowballing techniques to enroll 347 health care workers from tertiary health care institutions in Imo State, Nigeria, from September 28 to October 14, 2021. Data was collected using a structured online questionnaire and bivariate and multivariate analyses were done using SPSS at a level of significance set at p ≤ 0.05 . Result. The prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was 35.4%. HCWs of the Pentecostal faith (aOR: 2.52) and males (aOR: 2.72) were significantly more likely to be COVID-19 vaccine hesitant. About 30% of the respondents reported that they trusted information from the Internet and social media relating to COVID-19 and its vaccine. However, respondents who felt there was enough information about the vaccine and its safety were more than two and a half times more likely to be vaccine-hesitant (aOR: 2.77). About 20% and 31% of the respondents, respectively, stated that the government has an ulterior motive and that they did not trust the vaccine manufacturers. However, respondents who do not trust the government were more than two and a half times more likely to be COVID-19 vaccine hesitant (aOR: 2.69). Conclusion. The issues of vaccine hesitancy among health care workers in a developing country appear to be fundamental and very challenging to resolve. Therefore, the approach of instituting government vaccine uptake mandates for health care workers may be the solution for tackling vaccine hesitancy in health care institutions.
{"title":"Prevalence and Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Health Care Workers in Tertiary Health Care Institutions in a Developing Country: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study","authors":"C. A. Iwu, Pius Ositadinma, Victor Chibiko, U. Madubueze, K. Uwakwe, Uche R. Oluoha","doi":"10.1155/2022/7299092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7299092","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighted the challenges and impact of vaccine hesitancy and the role of health care institutions in mounting an effective pandemic response. The study objective was to determine the prevalence and predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among health care workers in tertiary health care institutions in Nigeria. Methods. A cross-sectional analytical design that used convenience and snowballing techniques to enroll 347 health care workers from tertiary health care institutions in Imo State, Nigeria, from September 28 to October 14, 2021. Data was collected using a structured online questionnaire and bivariate and multivariate analyses were done using SPSS at a level of significance set at \u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 ≤\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 . Result. The prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was 35.4%. HCWs of the Pentecostal faith (aOR: 2.52) and males (aOR: 2.72) were significantly more likely to be COVID-19 vaccine hesitant. About 30% of the respondents reported that they trusted information from the Internet and social media relating to COVID-19 and its vaccine. However, respondents who felt there was enough information about the vaccine and its safety were more than two and a half times more likely to be vaccine-hesitant (aOR: 2.77). About 20% and 31% of the respondents, respectively, stated that the government has an ulterior motive and that they did not trust the vaccine manufacturers. However, respondents who do not trust the government were more than two and a half times more likely to be COVID-19 vaccine hesitant (aOR: 2.69). Conclusion. The issues of vaccine hesitancy among health care workers in a developing country appear to be fundamental and very challenging to resolve. Therefore, the approach of instituting government vaccine uptake mandates for health care workers may be the solution for tackling vaccine hesitancy in health care institutions.","PeriodicalId":30619,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Public Health","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83764940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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