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BALANCE OF FREEDOM AND SECURITY IN GHANA'S DEMOCRACY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: ANALYSIS OF PRESIDENT NANA AKUFO ADDO'S NATIONAL BRIEFINGS 2019冠状病毒病大流行期间加纳民主中的自由与安全平衡:对纳纳·阿库福·阿多总统国家简报的分析
Pub Date : 2022-02-05 DOI: 10.21533/epiphany.v14i2.371
Sufyan Musah
The purpose of this research is to evaluate the balance of freedom and security in Ghana’s democracy during the Covid-19 pandemic via the precautionary measures announced by the government. Ghana is considered as one of the most stable democracies in Africa. Considering the Covid-19 health crisis, via the periodic briefings of the President, this research seeks to find out if and how the President tried to strike a balance between keeping Ghanaians safe and maintaining basic freedoms. Content analysis is used to analyze the 20 speeches given by the President of the Republic of Ghana, Nana Akufo Addo, from March 2020 to March 2021 to assess the President’s choice of words regarding freedom and security. The findings indicate that, in times of the heightened security threat posed by the Covid-19 pandemic, the President’s speeches included plentiful words of securitization. However, with the help of a detailed analysis and contextualization of the words used, the paper concludes that the President’s initiatives and directives were geared towards striking a balance between keeping Ghanaians safe and maintaining basic freedoms.
本研究的目的是通过政府宣布的预防措施,评估加纳民主在Covid-19大流行期间的自由和安全平衡。加纳被认为是非洲最稳定的民主国家之一。考虑到2019冠状病毒病的健康危机,本研究旨在通过总统的定期简报,了解总统是否以及如何试图在保护加纳人的安全和维护基本自由之间取得平衡。内容分析用于分析加纳共和国总统纳纳·阿库福·阿多从2020年3月到2021年3月发表的20次演讲,以评估总统对自由和安全的措辞选择。调查结果表明,在2019冠状病毒病大流行造成的安全威胁加剧之际,总统的讲话中包含了大量证券化的词汇。然而,通过详细分析和语境分析,本文得出结论,总统的倡议和指示是为了在保障加纳人的安全和维护基本自由之间取得平衡。
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引用次数: 1
THE ABSENCE OF PANDEMIC LITERATURE: RE-EXPERIENCING THE PANDEMIC IN KERR’S UNITY 1918 AND IN CONTEMPORARY TIME 大流行文献的缺失:重新体验1918年克尔统一时期和当代的大流行
Pub Date : 2022-02-04 DOI: 10.21533/epiphany.v14i2.376
Safaa Falah Hasan Alsaragna
Modernist literature had a strong potential for representation and embodiment. It vividly conveyed the reality of the two world wars and the views of the individuals who lived through them. However, there remained one missing chain in all of that representation: the pandemic. The impact of the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic on humans was greater than that of the two world wars combined. Yet, it was not highlighted by authors back then and was only briefly and indirectly represented due to its invisibility, unlike war. In later times, pandemic writing had slightly flourished and new works directly reflected the pandemic, such as Kevin Kerr’s Unity (1918). The play seems to mimic our contemporary experience under COVID-19, although it portrays the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918. This means that the play shows many similarities and parallels to our life under the pandemic of today, as it demonstrates the similarities between the Spanish flu and COVID-19. This paper reveals part of the causes concealed behind the literary silence of the flu pandemic of 1918. Moreover, it provides a brief comparison between the pandemic in Unity (1918) and the pandemic of today asserting the significance of literary representation of these events.
现代主义文学具有很强的再现和体现的潜力。它生动地传达了两次世界大战的现实和经历过两次世界大战的人的观点。然而,在所有这些表述中仍有一个缺失环节:大流行。1918年西班牙流感大流行对人类的影响比两次世界大战的总和还要大。但是,与战争不同,由于不可见性,它并没有得到作家们的重视,只是短暂而间接地进行了报道。在后来的时代,流行病写作略有繁荣,新作品直接反映了流行病,如凯文·克尔的《团结》(1918)。该剧似乎模仿了我们在COVID-19下的当代经历,尽管它描绘了1918年的西班牙流感大流行。这意味着,该剧展示了西班牙流感和COVID-19之间的相似之处,与我们今天在大流行下的生活有许多相似之处。本文揭示了1918年流感大流行文学沉默背后隐藏的部分原因。此外,它还简要比较了Unity(1918)的大流行和今天的大流行,强调了这些事件的文学表现的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
THE PITFALLS OF MORAL RESPONSIBILITY IN TWO SHORT STORIES BY FLANNERY O’CONNOR AND KATHERINE ANN PORTER 从弗兰纳里·奥康纳和凯瑟琳·安·波特的两个短篇小说看道德责任的陷阱
Pub Date : 2022-02-04 DOI: 10.21533/epiphany.v14i2.368
M. Teimouri
Theories of morality have warned us about the possibility of power-wielding in caregiving situations. They argue that moral decisions are often slippery slopes that can easily—unbeknownst to those involved—lead to oppression. One reason for the degeneration of care into power can be explained in terms of the solipsistic interpretation of the care-receiver’s needs. It is not simply the question of the language barrier. The problem is the nature of the care relationship itself which concerns the authority either granted or assumed by the caregiver. Also, in caregiving situations, the caregiver might use care as a smokescreen to hide their self-serving intentions. To further elaborate, I will draw on Zygmunt Bauman’s ideas about care and moral responsibility. His exploration of the problem of care and moral responsibility constitutes the theoretical premise on which I will build my argument using two examples from literature to show how care can lapse into power. I have chosen these two short stories to demonstrate the way caregiving situations are potential mine-fields where a misstep can result in unintended deleterious consequences. Porter’s “He” and O’Connor’s “The Life You Save May Be Your Own” perfectly illustrate this point.
道德理论曾警告我们,在照顾他人的情况下,权力可能会被滥用。他们认为,道德决策往往是滑坡,很容易导致压迫,而参与者却不知道。照顾退化为权力的一个原因可以用对照顾者需求的唯我主义解释来解释。这不仅仅是语言障碍的问题。问题在于护理关系本身的性质,它涉及到护理者授予或假定的权威。此外,在照顾的情况下,照顾者可能会把照顾当作烟幕来掩盖他们的自私意图。为了进一步阐述,我将借鉴齐格蒙特·鲍曼关于关怀和道德责任的观点。他对关怀和道德责任问题的探索构成了理论前提,我将在此基础上用两个文献中的例子来说明关怀是如何转化为权力的。我选择了这两个小故事来说明照顾他人的情况是一个潜在的雷区,一个失误就可能导致意想不到的有害后果。波特的“他”和奥康纳的“你拯救的生命可能是你自己的”完美地说明了这一点。
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引用次数: 0
SIMILITUDE THROUGH METONYMY: FOUCAULT, MAGRITTE AND THAT PIPE 通过转喻的相似:福柯,马格里特和那根管子
Pub Date : 2022-02-04 DOI: 10.21533/epiphany.v14i2.378
Carl Haddrell
This article explores our understanding of visual imagery through an analysis of Foucault’s examination of Magritte’s famous painting Les deux Mystères. Foucault details how the interplay between word and image are firstly perceived and then understood by the viewer. This analysis of Foucault’s text, serves to illuminate and hopefully clarify the often ambiguous relationship between image and text, whilst at the same time demonstrate that the vary same ambiguity is revelled in by those creating and those words and images.
本文通过分析福柯对马格利特名画《双生之谜》的解读,探讨我们对视觉意象的理解。福柯详细描述了文字和图像之间的相互作用是如何被观众首先感知和理解的。这种对福柯文本的分析,有助于阐明并希望澄清图像和文本之间经常模棱两可的关系,同时也证明了那些创造这些文字和图像的人沉醉于这种不同的模棱两可。
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引用次数: 0
A CHALLENGE TO THE CONTEMPORARY MULTICULTURALISM FROM A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE: THE EARLY ABBASID ERA 从历史的角度对当代多元文化主义的挑战:早期阿巴斯时代
Pub Date : 2022-02-04 DOI: 10.21533/epiphany.v14i2.381
Emel Topçu, Ibrahim Halil Menek
This study examines the early multiculturalism of the Abbasid Empire. The purpose is to demonstrate the significance of historical multiculturalism in building a governmental-social system. The analysis of the early Abbasid multiculturalism also integrates Persian and Greco-Roman multicultural models. The study argues that the Abbasid Dynasty, which succeeded the Umayyad Dynasty after a revolution, had introduced a unique multicultural model by establishing a tolerant and libertarian imperial structure. In effect, the Abbasid Dynasty rejected the Umayyad emphasis on the so-called Arab nationalism in its early period (750-833). This study employs a comparative analysis of the early multiculturalism of the Abbasid Empire and modern practices of multiculturalism for textual analysis and conclusions. It is significant to demonstrate how the early multiculturalism of the Abbasid Empire could be correlated to modern multicultural practices. In this regard, the policy of support and encouragement of translation activities by the early Abbasid caliphs, rulers and intellectuals had strengthened this multicultural system, which was inclusive regardless of ethnicity, religion, and race.
本研究考察了阿巴斯帝国早期的多元文化主义。目的在于论证历史多元文化主义在构建政府-社会体系中的重要意义。对早期阿巴斯多元文化主义的分析也整合了波斯和希腊罗马的多元文化模式。该研究认为,通过革命继承倭马亚王朝的阿拔斯王朝建立了包容和自由主义的帝国结构,引进了独特的多元文化模式。实际上,阿拔斯王朝在其早期(750-833)拒绝了倭马亚人对所谓阿拉伯民族主义的强调。本研究通过对早期阿拔斯帝国的多元文化主义与现代多元文化主义实践的对比分析,进行文本分析并得出结论。阿拔斯帝国早期的多元文化主义是如何与现代多元文化实践相关联的,这一点具有重要意义。在这方面,早期阿拔斯王朝的哈里发、统治者和知识分子对翻译活动的支持和鼓励政策加强了这种不分民族、宗教和种族的多元文化体系。
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引用次数: 0
PERCEIVED RELATIONAL FACTORS IN MARITAL (IN)STABILITY AMONG MARRIED AND DIVORCED BOSNIANS: DO WE UNDERSTAND EACH OTHER? 在已婚和离婚的波斯尼亚人中,婚姻稳定的感知关系因素:我们彼此理解吗?
Pub Date : 2022-02-04 DOI: 10.21533/epiphany.v14i2.369
Selvira Draganović
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引用次数: 0
POSSIBLE ANALOGUES OF INVENTED PLANT SPECIES OF TOLKIEN’S MIDDLE-EARTH IN EARTH’S CURRENT FLORA 托尔金笔下的中土世界现存植物群中被发明的植物物种的可能类似物
Pub Date : 2022-02-04 DOI: 10.21533/epiphany.v14i2.372
Elçin Parçaoğlu, Arda Acemi
Tolkien’s mythology of Middle-earth is a highly studied corpus in ecology and environmental studies. Due to the cosmogonic nature of this mythology, ecological patterns are both similar and different to our world. Especially in terms of biodiversity, the flora and fauna we encounter in the corpus are at the centre of ecological and environmental approaches. Plant biodiversity supports the unique habitat formation of many regions in the history of this mythology. Being interested in botany, Tolkien paid particular attention to plants’ geographical distribution and location and broke new ground in terms of diversity. In this diversity, there are also some plants that he invented. The purpose of this paper is to compare some plants Tolkien invented – athelas, mallorn, elanor, niphredil, and simbelmynë – with their companion plants in Earth’s current flora. In addition, these plants’ geographic locations in Middle-earth will also be revealed in terms of climate and vegetation diversity.
托尔金的中土世界神话是生态学和环境学研究的重要内容。由于这个神话的宇宙起源性,生态模式与我们的世界既相似又不同。特别是在生物多样性方面,我们在语料库中遇到的动植物是生态和环境方法的中心。在这个神话的历史中,植物的多样性支持了许多地区独特栖息地的形成。托尔金对植物学很感兴趣,特别关注植物的地理分布和位置,在植物多样性方面有了新的突破。在这种多样性中,也有一些是他发明的植物。这篇论文的目的是比较托尔金发明的一些植物——athelas、mallorn、elanor、niphredil和simbelmynë——与它们在地球上现有的植物群落中的同伴植物。此外,这些植物在中土世界的地理位置也将在气候和植被多样性方面得到揭示。
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引用次数: 0
TRUST AND HOPE AS A MANAGEMENT APPROACH DURING TIMES OF UNCERTAINTY 在不确定时期,信任和希望是一种管理方法
Pub Date : 2022-02-04 DOI: 10.21533/epiphany.v14i2.379
Victor De Passos
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引用次数: 0
DEBATES ON TURKEY’S SOFT POWER IN THE AUSTRIAN PUBLIC DISCOURSE 奥地利公共话语中关于土耳其软实力的争论
Pub Date : 2021-09-07 DOI: 10.21533/epiphany.v14i1.370
Ružica Čubela Bajramović, Sule Dursun-Akdeniz
This paper provides a brief overview of Turkey’s soft power in Austria through the example of the faith-based public diplomacy institution ATIB (Avusturya Turkiye Islam Birligi‚ Turkisch-Islamische Union in Osterreich), a branch of the Presidency of Religious Affairs of Turkey (Diyanet Isleri Baskanligi). It addresses the significance of ATIB with regard to the religious and cultural needs of the Turkish Muslim community in Austria and the negative perceptions of Turkey’s soft power strategy in this country. The paper also focuses on the current challenges faced by the ATIB, as well as by Austria’s Muslim community in general, as a result of the Law on Islam that was adopted in 2015 (Islamgesetz 2015) and the accompanying discussions around Muslim associations financed from abroad. The research design is primarily based on a critical discourse analysis of political and academic debates about the ATIB, the 2015 Islam Law, and their catalyzing effect on Islamophobia in Austria.
本文通过以信仰为基础的公共外交机构ATIB (Avusturya Turkiye Islam Birligi, Osterreich土耳其-伊斯兰联盟)为例,简要概述了土耳其在奥地利的软实力。ATIB是土耳其宗教事务主席(Diyanet Isleri Baskanligi)的一个分支机构。它讨论了ATIB在奥地利土耳其穆斯林社区的宗教和文化需求方面的重要性,以及对土耳其在该国软实力战略的负面看法。本文还重点讨论了2015年通过的《伊斯兰法》(Islamgesetz 2015)以及围绕海外资助的穆斯林协会的相关讨论所带来的挑战,以及奥地利穆斯林社区目前面临的挑战。研究设计主要基于对奥地利2015年伊斯兰法及其对伊斯兰恐惧症的催化作用的政治和学术辩论的批判性话语分析。
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引用次数: 0
BRIEF REPORT: PREVENTING LATE-LIFE DEPRESSION IN LOW – AND MIDDLE – INCOME COUNTRIES (LMICS) 简要报告:在低收入和中等收入国家预防老年抑郁症
Pub Date : 2021-08-29 DOI: 10.21533/epiphany.v14i1.356
Mirsad Serdarević
As the number of older adults in low- and middle- income (LMIC) countries is expected to grow substantially over the next several decades, it is important to develop programs for the prevention of major depression in later life. These programs should be flexible enough to be adjusted to the needs of poorly resourced LMICs. The current report provides an overview of a “depression in later life” (DIL) study in Goa, India, as a promising and effective mental health prevention program, with the potential for implementation in other LMICs. DIL study uses unspecialized physicians and lay health counselors (LHCs) to deliver both scalable psychological intervention and low-intensity intervention, consistent with Institute of Medicine’s (IOM, 1994) indicated prevention approach. DIL intervention led to reduced incidence of Major Depressive Disorder in DIL-randomized participants and as such it is important in meeting the 2016-2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goal of “Ensuring healthy lives and promoting the well-being for all at all ages."
由于中低收入国家的老年人数量预计将在未来几十年大幅增长,因此制定预防老年抑郁症的计划非常重要。这些方案应具有足够的灵活性,以便根据资源不足的中低收入国家的需要进行调整。本报告概述了在印度果阿进行的一项“晚年抑郁”(DIL)研究,该研究是一项有前途和有效的心理健康预防计划,有可能在其他中低收入国家实施。DIL研究使用非专业医生和非专业健康咨询师(LHCs)提供可扩展的心理干预和低强度干预,与医学研究所(IOM, 1994)所指示的预防方法一致。DIL干预导致DIL随机参与者的重度抑郁症发病率降低,因此它对于实现2016-2030年联合国可持续发展目标“确保健康生活和促进所有年龄段所有人的福祉”非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
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Epiphany
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