Pub Date : 2019-01-10DOI: 10.21533/EPIPHANY.V11I1.276
E. Bazregarzadeh
¬History in an important part of human being’s life in that it plays an important role in shaping our private, public, and political viewpoints. It serves as a mirror to life because it connects past events with present ones and may at times affect the future as well. Likewise, history enables us to ponder about the reason behind some past events and their influence on the individuals’ present lives. The wide range of history and its broad coverage of different causes and effects of life events are the two focal issues that open the readers’ eyes to the inherent features of the New Historicists’ examinations of various works of literature. With this critical standpoint in mind the present paper intends to study Edward Albee’s play The Sandbox to reveal the existing factors that link the play with the previous historical events present in the American history of the time. By choosing New Historicism as the main model, the paper will shed light on such issues as power, resistance, and subversion put forward by such leaning figures of this critical approach as Michel Foucault and Stephen Greenblatt.
{"title":"Edward Albee’s The Sandbox in the Light of New Historicism","authors":"E. Bazregarzadeh","doi":"10.21533/EPIPHANY.V11I1.276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21533/EPIPHANY.V11I1.276","url":null,"abstract":"¬History in an important part of human being’s life in that it plays an important role in shaping our private, public, and political viewpoints. It serves as a mirror to life because it connects past events with present ones and may at times affect the future as well. Likewise, history enables us to ponder about the reason behind some past events and their influence on the individuals’ present lives. The wide range of history and its broad coverage of different causes and effects of life events are the two focal issues that open the readers’ eyes to the inherent features of the New Historicists’ examinations of various works of literature. With this critical standpoint in mind the present paper intends to study Edward Albee’s play The Sandbox to reveal the existing factors that link the play with the previous historical events present in the American history of the time. By choosing New Historicism as the main model, the paper will shed light on such issues as power, resistance, and subversion put forward by such leaning figures of this critical approach as Michel Foucault and Stephen Greenblatt.","PeriodicalId":30629,"journal":{"name":"Epiphany","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89624214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-10DOI: 10.21533/EPIPHANY.V11I1.289
Selvira Draganović, Baha Kurulmaz
Chronic kidney disease is a progressive and irreversible loss of the kidney function. Besides physical and treatment complications for chronic kidney disease, kidney patients also suffer a number of psychological problems, among which depression and anxiety are very common. This all, not only make chronic kidney patients’, already difficult life, more difficult, but also further more vulnerable and at risk for earlier death. This study aimed to measure the level of anxiety and depression of chronic kidney disease patients have been measured and compared with the scores of healthy participants. Since hemodialysis is the most common treatment method for CKD, 60 haemodialysis patients at Inegol hospital in Turkey and 60 people from general healthy population (N=120) were conveniently chosen to participate in this study. Following literature review indicating possible psychological outcomes of chronic kidney failure and haemodialysis, depression and anxiety level among CKD patients and healthy cohort group was measured. Depression and anxiety levels were investigated using Beck Depression Inventory II and The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were used (Turkish versions). Study results indicate, when compared to healthy cohorts (M=12.66, s.d. 5.7), CKD patients scored higher on depression scale (M=18.5, s.d. 7.3) as well as higher level of anxiety (M=40.76, s.d.10.7) when compared with healthy population (M=32.40, s.d. 7.8). Results of this study, next to important scientific contribution, indicate importance and the need for professional help psychological support for chronic kidney disease patients in order to diminish psychological impact of facing chronic illness.
{"title":"Depression and anxiety levels among chronic kidney patients","authors":"Selvira Draganović, Baha Kurulmaz","doi":"10.21533/EPIPHANY.V11I1.289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21533/EPIPHANY.V11I1.289","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic kidney disease is a progressive and irreversible loss of the kidney function. Besides physical and treatment complications for chronic kidney disease, kidney patients also suffer a number of psychological problems, among which depression and anxiety are very common. This all, not only make chronic kidney patients’, already difficult life, more difficult, but also further more vulnerable and at risk for earlier death. This study aimed to measure the level of anxiety and depression of chronic kidney disease patients have been measured and compared with the scores of healthy participants. Since hemodialysis is the most common treatment method for CKD, 60 haemodialysis patients at Inegol hospital in Turkey and 60 people from general healthy population (N=120) were conveniently chosen to participate in this study. Following literature review indicating possible psychological outcomes of chronic kidney failure and haemodialysis, depression and anxiety level among CKD patients and healthy cohort group was measured. Depression and anxiety levels were investigated using Beck Depression Inventory II and The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were used (Turkish versions). Study results indicate, when compared to healthy cohorts (M=12.66, s.d. 5.7), CKD patients scored higher on depression scale (M=18.5, s.d. 7.3) as well as higher level of anxiety (M=40.76, s.d.10.7) when compared with healthy population (M=32.40, s.d. 7.8). Results of this study, next to important scientific contribution, indicate importance and the need for professional help psychological support for chronic kidney disease patients in order to diminish psychological impact of facing chronic illness.","PeriodicalId":30629,"journal":{"name":"Epiphany","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87920434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-16DOI: 10.21533/epiphany.v10i1.258
Almir Mustafić, Hamza Preljević
The goal of the paper is to analyze the Sino-Russian relations in Central Asia since the collapse of the Soviet Union. The analysis will briefly touch upon the relations between Beijing and Moscow in general but the focus will remain on their relations in the post-Soviet era in Central Asia. Today, China and Russia are BRICS member states. They are united in opposing US unipolarity and they are among the largest and most populous countries in the world. Their border is over 4.000 km long and they are both veto powers on the United Nations Security Council. However, relations between China and Russia have always been complex. At times they waged wars and had border disputes, only to become close allies shortly after. Period of severe conflicts between 1917 and 1950 was followed by a progressive era of oil exploration, student exchanges and various other partnerships. Their rapprochement ended in 1960 and started again in 2008. But the question is: How long wills the rapprochement last? They currently have many things in common but Central Asia remains a potential area of dispute for both countries. Analyzing some accounts on Chinese investments in Central Asia (e.g. Tiezzi, 2014), it becomes obvious that Beijing is highly unlikely to withdraw from the region in case of Russian pressure. On the other hand, Russia is highly unlikely to continue tolerating the rising Chinese influence in Central Asia, as its role has already been significantly reduced in this region. The pipeline that was supposed to connect Siberia with the Chinese province of Xinjiang has been postponed because Putin believes that it could give China leverage over Russia’s internal, as well as external political processes. Putin’s decision will certainly not stop China’s expansion in Central Asia and the Russian Federation will try to avoid a subordinate position in its former republics. This situation complicates their relationship in Central Asia, especially if growing US investments in the region are taken into account. This is why selecting a single IR theory to analyze the Sino-Russian relations in Central Asia is not a simple task. Considering the current circumstances and initiatives by both countries in their internal affairs, as well as in Central Asia, neoclassical realist approach to Sino-Russian relations might give the best results and it will therefore be applied in this paper.
{"title":"Sino-Russian Relations in Central Asia: Challenges, Concerns and Cooperation","authors":"Almir Mustafić, Hamza Preljević","doi":"10.21533/epiphany.v10i1.258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21533/epiphany.v10i1.258","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of the paper is to analyze the Sino-Russian relations in Central Asia since the collapse of the Soviet Union. The analysis will briefly touch upon the relations between Beijing and Moscow in general but the focus will remain on their relations in the post-Soviet era in Central Asia. Today, China and Russia are BRICS member states. They are united in opposing US unipolarity and they are among the largest and most populous countries in the world. Their border is over 4.000 km long and they are both veto powers on the United Nations Security Council. However, relations between China and Russia have always been complex. At times they waged wars and had border disputes, only to become close allies shortly after. Period of severe conflicts between 1917 and 1950 was followed by a progressive era of oil exploration, student exchanges and various other partnerships. Their rapprochement ended in 1960 and started again in 2008. But the question is: How long wills the rapprochement last? They currently have many things in common but Central Asia remains a potential area of dispute for both countries. Analyzing some accounts on Chinese investments in Central Asia (e.g. Tiezzi, 2014), it becomes obvious that Beijing is highly unlikely to withdraw from the region in case of Russian pressure. On the other hand, Russia is highly unlikely to continue tolerating the rising Chinese influence in Central Asia, as its role has already been significantly reduced in this region. The pipeline that was supposed to connect Siberia with the Chinese province of Xinjiang has been postponed because Putin believes that it could give China leverage over Russia’s internal, as well as external political processes. Putin’s decision will certainly not stop China’s expansion in Central Asia and the Russian Federation will try to avoid a subordinate position in its former republics. This situation complicates their relationship in Central Asia, especially if growing US investments in the region are taken into account. This is why selecting a single IR theory to analyze the Sino-Russian relations in Central Asia is not a simple task. Considering the current circumstances and initiatives by both countries in their internal affairs, as well as in Central Asia, neoclassical realist approach to Sino-Russian relations might give the best results and it will therefore be applied in this paper.","PeriodicalId":30629,"journal":{"name":"Epiphany","volume":"55 1","pages":"56-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87778668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-16DOI: 10.21533/EPIPHANY.V10I1.252
Pouria Torkamaneh, Pedram Lalbakhsh
The present article approaches Jay McInerney’s Bright Lights, Big City (1984) in light of Merlin Coverley’s concept of psychogeography to demonstrate the direct authority of the city as an integral part of the protagonist’s persona. The idea is to emphasize that urbanity, in its postmodern sense, can function as a culpable agent in shaping up the protagonist’s behavior and determining his fate. Therefore, this research studies McInerney’s Bright Lights, Big City to reveal how the life of the leading character – with his unstable state of mind – takes root primarily in his chaotic living environment. A psychogeographic evaluation of this novel allows us to see that urbanity influences the protagonist’s psyche who evinces this deep impact through wandering in the metropolitan Manhattan. Further, this research demonstrates how the city remains triumphant as the protagonist falls into disease and alienation, or is left with an aporetic moment of decision: to unify with the force of urbanity or lose everything to its power.
{"title":"Psychogeography and the Victims of the City in McInerney’s Bright Lights, Big City","authors":"Pouria Torkamaneh, Pedram Lalbakhsh","doi":"10.21533/EPIPHANY.V10I1.252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21533/EPIPHANY.V10I1.252","url":null,"abstract":"The present article approaches Jay McInerney’s Bright Lights, Big City (1984) in light of Merlin Coverley’s concept of psychogeography to demonstrate the direct authority of the city as an integral part of the protagonist’s persona. The idea is to emphasize that urbanity, in its postmodern sense, can function as a culpable agent in shaping up the protagonist’s behavior and determining his fate. Therefore, this research studies McInerney’s Bright Lights, Big City to reveal how the life of the leading character – with his unstable state of mind – takes root primarily in his chaotic living environment. A psychogeographic evaluation of this novel allows us to see that urbanity influences the protagonist’s psyche who evinces this deep impact through wandering in the metropolitan Manhattan. Further, this research demonstrates how the city remains triumphant as the protagonist falls into disease and alienation, or is left with an aporetic moment of decision: to unify with the force of urbanity or lose everything to its power.","PeriodicalId":30629,"journal":{"name":"Epiphany","volume":"9 1","pages":"8-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74275264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-16DOI: 10.21533/EPIPHANY.V10I1.254
Golbarg Khorsand, P. Ghasemi
This study aims at analyzing Hemingway's selected novels and short stories in order to discover their common ground in terms of the masochistic properties. The overriding questions concerning this paper will center on the multiple ways in which Hemingway's sexual fluidity contribute to the formation of the masochistic behavior in his writings and also the degree to which masochistic properties contributed to the aesthetic and literal values of his writings. This paper concentrates on the specific elements of masochism which pertain most to the texts, including symbiosis/separation dichotomy (closely related to the theme of humiliation), fetishism, pain, violence and death. The author wishes to unveil the oft-hidden submissive and feminine characteristics of the masculine characters that abound in Hemingway’s writings.
{"title":"A Butlerian Reading of Ernest Hemingway’s Personality and His Works","authors":"Golbarg Khorsand, P. Ghasemi","doi":"10.21533/EPIPHANY.V10I1.254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21533/EPIPHANY.V10I1.254","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims at analyzing Hemingway's selected novels and short stories in order to discover their common ground in terms of the masochistic properties. The overriding questions concerning this paper will center on the multiple ways in which Hemingway's sexual fluidity contribute to the formation of the masochistic behavior in his writings and also the degree to which masochistic properties contributed to the aesthetic and literal values of his writings. This paper concentrates on the specific elements of masochism which pertain most to the texts, including symbiosis/separation dichotomy (closely related to the theme of humiliation), fetishism, pain, violence and death. The author wishes to unveil the oft-hidden submissive and feminine characteristics of the masculine characters that abound in Hemingway’s writings.","PeriodicalId":30629,"journal":{"name":"Epiphany","volume":"71 1","pages":"19-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83935284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-16DOI: 10.21533/EPIPHANY.V10I1.249
Mahsa Zayani, F. Pourgiv
To the modern reader, the Nineteenth Century England has always been the reminiscent of unrelenting ideals regarding social codes of conduct. Although such ideals have been widely criticized, they were passed off as unquestionably natural and necessary to be carried out during the Victorian era. Yet Oscar Wilde, the renowned dramatist of the time, was one of the authors who dared to put to challenge the accepted prescribed gender roles exposing their constructed essence using his insurmountable wit. The current article aims at analyzing the apparently transgressive gender roles in Oscar Wilde’s play; An Ideal Husband, with the aid of Judith Butler’s theory of performativity, a theory which disavows the concept of an inherent gender identity in favor of the idea that gendered behaviors are the consequence of performing certain discursively assigned acts.
{"title":"An Ideal Husband, or An Ideal Wife? That is the Question.","authors":"Mahsa Zayani, F. Pourgiv","doi":"10.21533/EPIPHANY.V10I1.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21533/EPIPHANY.V10I1.249","url":null,"abstract":"To the modern reader, the Nineteenth Century England has always been the reminiscent of unrelenting ideals regarding social codes of conduct. Although such ideals have been widely criticized, they were passed off as unquestionably natural and necessary to be carried out during the Victorian era. Yet Oscar Wilde, the renowned dramatist of the time, was one of the authors who dared to put to challenge the accepted prescribed gender roles exposing their constructed essence using his insurmountable wit. The current article aims at analyzing the apparently transgressive gender roles in Oscar Wilde’s play; An Ideal Husband, with the aid of Judith Butler’s theory of performativity, a theory which disavows the concept of an inherent gender identity in favor of the idea that gendered behaviors are the consequence of performing certain discursively assigned acts.","PeriodicalId":30629,"journal":{"name":"Epiphany","volume":"1 1","pages":"31-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73028221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-16DOI: 10.21533/EPIPHANY.V10I1.272
G. Šimić, Ena Kazic
Every minor can commit a criminal act, but in formal sense not every minor will be criminally responsible. Even if committing an act that in material sense have its consequences and all objective elements of a crime, possibility for imposing of criminal sanctions is still determined by minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR). When reaching into certain age minors are held to be criminally responsible and punishable. This article is focusing to the matter of establishment of minimum age of criminal responsibility, so comparative review of systems for its establishment and contemporary world tendencies will be discussed in it. In particular, this paper will be devoted to the establishment of MACR in Bosnia and Herzegovina from both historical and positive law insight. The age from which one will be held criminally responsible is an issue predisposed by several factors and choosing the optimum age will be discussed as the challenging question in this paper because it includes or excludes minors from the reach of criminal justice system that has unquestionable impact in their future life.
{"title":"LEGAL CHALLENGES IN REGULATION OF MINIMUM AGE OF CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA","authors":"G. Šimić, Ena Kazic","doi":"10.21533/EPIPHANY.V10I1.272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21533/EPIPHANY.V10I1.272","url":null,"abstract":"Every minor can commit a criminal act, but in formal sense not every minor will be criminally responsible. Even if committing an act that in material sense have its consequences and all objective elements of a crime, possibility for imposing of criminal sanctions is still determined by minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR). When reaching into certain age minors are held to be criminally responsible and punishable. This article is focusing to the matter of establishment of minimum age of criminal responsibility, so comparative review of systems for its establishment and contemporary world tendencies will be discussed in it. In particular, this paper will be devoted to the establishment of MACR in Bosnia and Herzegovina from both historical and positive law insight. The age from which one will be held criminally responsible is an issue predisposed by several factors and choosing the optimum age will be discussed as the challenging question in this paper because it includes or excludes minors from the reach of criminal justice system that has unquestionable impact in their future life.","PeriodicalId":30629,"journal":{"name":"Epiphany","volume":"6 1","pages":"43-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80193541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-30DOI: 10.21533/EPIPHANY.V9I3.248
Joseph A. Young
Fantasy literature has enjoyed a vast increase in cultural prominence in the last quarter-century. What was once considered a marginal genre of scant literary merit is now enormously popular, enjoying huge sales and steadily increasing critical respectability. This change is partly due to the fashion in the early years of this century for cinematic adaptations of fantasy novels. Film “franchises” such as The Lord of the Rings and Harry Potter sold tens of millions of tickets apiece and prompted sympathetic reappraisals of their source material among both popular and academic audiences. Though this trend seemed to have run its course by about 2010, the television show Game of Thrones (2011-present) appears to have taken it to a new level. After six seasons the show continues to break ratings records and seems likely to be remembered as part of the zeitgeist of this decade. This success has naturally prompted renewed interest in George R.R. Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire, the series of novels on which the show is based. Recent editions of Martin’s books have become runaway bestsellers and the forthcoming installments will no doubt do the same. Martin has also become a success with the critics, who praise the complexity of his characters and the moral depth of his work. Long-time readers and scholars of fantasy obviously welcome this.
{"title":"Faces of Evil in Modern Fantasy","authors":"Joseph A. Young","doi":"10.21533/EPIPHANY.V9I3.248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21533/EPIPHANY.V9I3.248","url":null,"abstract":"Fantasy literature has enjoyed a vast increase in cultural prominence in the last quarter-century. What was once considered a marginal genre of scant literary merit is now enormously popular, enjoying huge sales and steadily increasing critical respectability. This change is partly due to the fashion in the early years of this century for cinematic adaptations of fantasy novels. Film “franchises” such as The Lord of the Rings and Harry Potter sold tens of millions of tickets apiece and prompted sympathetic reappraisals of their source material among both popular and academic audiences. Though this trend seemed to have run its course by about 2010, the television show Game of Thrones (2011-present) appears to have taken it to a new level. After six seasons the show continues to break ratings records and seems likely to be remembered as part of the zeitgeist of this decade. This success has naturally prompted renewed interest in George R.R. Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire, the series of novels on which the show is based. Recent editions of Martin’s books have become runaway bestsellers and the forthcoming installments will no doubt do the same. Martin has also become a success with the critics, who praise the complexity of his characters and the moral depth of his work. Long-time readers and scholars of fantasy obviously welcome this.","PeriodicalId":30629,"journal":{"name":"Epiphany","volume":"11 1","pages":"61-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82407110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-30DOI: 10.21533/EPIPHANY.V9I3.246
Abdurrahim Siradag
Since the Central African Republic (CAR) gained independence from France in 1960 it has faced deep social, economic and political crises. The country has witnessed 10 military coup attempts between 2005 and 2015, which have aggravated political and economic development of the CAR. The most recent by leader of the Seleka coalition group, Michel Djotodia, against the government of Bozize in March 2013 that saw hundreds of thousands displaced and thousands killed. Although the violence in the CAR partially polarized Muslims and Christians, we argue in this paper that the driver of the conflict in the CAR is more a struggle for power among political elite. The aim is to explain the main motivations behind the political crisis and the changing dynamics of the violent conflict in the CAR.
{"title":"Explaining the Conflict in Central African Republic: Causes and Dynamics","authors":"Abdurrahim Siradag","doi":"10.21533/EPIPHANY.V9I3.246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21533/EPIPHANY.V9I3.246","url":null,"abstract":"Since the Central African Republic (CAR) gained independence from France in 1960 it has faced deep social, economic and political crises. The country has witnessed 10 military coup attempts between 2005 and 2015, which have aggravated political and economic development of the CAR. The most recent by leader of the Seleka coalition group, Michel Djotodia, against the government of Bozize in March 2013 that saw hundreds of thousands displaced and thousands killed. Although the violence in the CAR partially polarized Muslims and Christians, we argue in this paper that the driver of the conflict in the CAR is more a struggle for power among political elite. The aim is to explain the main motivations behind the political crisis and the changing dynamics of the violent conflict in the CAR.","PeriodicalId":30629,"journal":{"name":"Epiphany","volume":"13 1","pages":"86-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87602144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-30DOI: 10.21533/EPIPHANY.V9I3.247
Jared O. Bell
Identity is a complex phenomenon and so is conflict. When examining the two together we can understand why some of the world’s most difficult ethnic conflicts are long term and protracted. This paper aims to analyze how identity and conflict could prevent and manage conflicts, caused by different perceptions of the identity. After all, identity can be used to escalate conflicts and connected with power and resources, identity can also be used to de-escalate conflicts as well. The purpose of this paper is to make a comparative study of the relationship between identity and conflict.
{"title":"Conflict and Identity as a Major Impetus in Escalating or De-Escalating Conflict","authors":"Jared O. Bell","doi":"10.21533/EPIPHANY.V9I3.247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21533/EPIPHANY.V9I3.247","url":null,"abstract":"Identity is a complex phenomenon and so is conflict. When examining the two together we can understand why some of the world’s most difficult ethnic conflicts are long term and protracted. This paper aims to analyze how identity and conflict could prevent and manage conflicts, caused by different perceptions of the identity. After all, identity can be used to escalate conflicts and connected with power and resources, identity can also be used to de-escalate conflicts as well. The purpose of this paper is to make a comparative study of the relationship between identity and conflict.","PeriodicalId":30629,"journal":{"name":"Epiphany","volume":"20 1","pages":"79-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78877140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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