Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.3126/jacem.v8i1.55910
Arjun Mahotra
This study aims to validate the HEC-HMS model in the Karnali river basin of Nepal, while also physically verifying the model parameters for the area. The HEC-HMS model is a semi-distributed physically based model that requires site-specific information about the weather, as well as spatial information on soil and land use. Using Arc-GIS, HEC-HMS, and HEC DSS, a hydrological rainfall runoff model was developed for the Karnali River basin at Asaraghat (DHM station 240) for the period of 1998-2005. Calibration for the time period of 1998-2001 resulted in an NSE value of 73.2% and an R2 value of 84%. Validation for the time period of 2003-2005 resulted in an NSE value of 72.4% and an R2 value of 82.02%. To evaluate the performance of the TRMM 3B42V7 rainfall product, statistical indicators such as NSE and R2 were used. Results showed that the TRMM rainfall data was reliable and had good precision in application to the Karnali River Basin. This study concludes that the TRMM rainfall data can be used as an alternative data source for basins with sparse rain gauge stations in Nepal. The results also suggest that the HEC-HMS modeling tool is good enough to relate rainfall and runoff. The model parameters for each sub-basin and reaches were analyzed with the physical characteristics of the watershed. Minor variations were found within calibrated and calculated Initial abstraction and Muskingum K, x, leading to the verification of the model parameters physically.
{"title":"Applicabilty of TRMM Precipitation for Hydrological Modeling Using HEC-HMS in Karnali River Basin in Nepal","authors":"Arjun Mahotra","doi":"10.3126/jacem.v8i1.55910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v8i1.55910","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to validate the HEC-HMS model in the Karnali river basin of Nepal, while also physically verifying the model parameters for the area. The HEC-HMS model is a semi-distributed physically based model that requires site-specific information about the weather, as well as spatial information on soil and land use. Using Arc-GIS, HEC-HMS, and HEC DSS, a hydrological rainfall runoff model was developed for the Karnali River basin at Asaraghat (DHM station 240) for the period of 1998-2005. Calibration for the time period of 1998-2001 resulted in an NSE value of 73.2% and an R2 value of 84%. Validation for the time period of 2003-2005 resulted in an NSE value of 72.4% and an R2 value of 82.02%. To evaluate the performance of the TRMM 3B42V7 rainfall product, statistical indicators such as NSE and R2 were used. Results showed that the TRMM rainfall data was reliable and had good precision in application to the Karnali River Basin. This study concludes that the TRMM rainfall data can be used as an alternative data source for basins with sparse rain gauge stations in Nepal. The results also suggest that the HEC-HMS modeling tool is good enough to relate rainfall and runoff. The model parameters for each sub-basin and reaches were analyzed with the physical characteristics of the watershed. Minor variations were found within calibrated and calculated Initial abstraction and Muskingum K, x, leading to the verification of the model parameters physically.","PeriodicalId":306432,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126677106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.3126/jacem.v8i2.55945
Salik Ram Subedi, S. Shrestha
In 1956, the Ancient Monuments Preservation Act (AMPA) was first introduced, ushering in a more contemporary approach to cultural preservation in Nepal. The focus of this legislation is primarily on the material (physical) aspects of cultural heritage. The Guthi Corporation, formed by the Government of Nepal under the Guthi Corporation statute of 1976, focuses on the intangible legacy of the Kathmandu valley in a manner similar to that described above. The Department of Archaeology (DOA), a federal government body backed by the AMPA and in charge of safeguarding the country's cultural heritage. International organizations like the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) criticized the difficulties in managing the Kathmandu valley's world heritage sites, which led to their inclusion on the endangered list in 2003, which has since been removed. The purpose of this research paper is to examine the effects that different government organizations' (stakeholders') policies have throughout time on the management and preservation of the cultural heritage of the Kathmandu valley. In order to maintain cultural assets using historical as well as case study methodologies, the research of this article recommends a review of current policies on dispersed policies and organizational responsibilities. Study reveals that now the time to development of unified policies and organisation to minimise the overlapping roles for good management and conservation in the Kathmandu valley, which will primarily be based on local cultural context as well as UNESCO criteria.
{"title":"Roles of Existing Policies on The Conservation and Management of Cultural Heritage in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal","authors":"Salik Ram Subedi, S. Shrestha","doi":"10.3126/jacem.v8i2.55945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v8i2.55945","url":null,"abstract":"In 1956, the Ancient Monuments Preservation Act (AMPA) was first introduced, ushering in a more contemporary approach to cultural preservation in Nepal. The focus of this legislation is primarily on the material (physical) aspects of cultural heritage. The Guthi Corporation, formed by the Government of Nepal under the Guthi Corporation statute of 1976, focuses on the intangible legacy of the Kathmandu valley in a manner similar to that described above. The Department of Archaeology (DOA), a federal government body backed by the AMPA and in charge of safeguarding the country's cultural heritage. International organizations like the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) criticized the difficulties in managing the Kathmandu valley's world heritage sites, which led to their inclusion on the endangered list in 2003, which has since been removed. The purpose of this research paper is to examine the effects that different government organizations' (stakeholders') policies have throughout time on the management and preservation of the cultural heritage of the Kathmandu valley. In order to maintain cultural assets using historical as well as case study methodologies, the research of this article recommends a review of current policies on dispersed policies and organizational responsibilities. Study reveals that now the time to development of unified policies and organisation to minimise the overlapping roles for good management and conservation in the Kathmandu valley, which will primarily be based on local cultural context as well as UNESCO criteria.","PeriodicalId":306432,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134282141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.3126/jacem.v8i1.55913
R. Shrestha, R. Tiwari
Slope stability analysis is one of the most important tools to determine the stability of both natural as well as man-made slopes. The main objective of this study is to compare safety factor of the Jure landslide before and after an earthquake occurrence using Geostudio QUAKE/W module. Three different positions of water table (top, middle and bottom of debris) were considered for the study. The safety factors of both deterministic and probabilistic case are determined. The Gorkha Earthquake's time history data were taken into consideration. Both the bedrock and debris are modeled using the equivalent linear approach for dynamic analysis. The findings indicate that the slope was on the verge of failing prior to the earthquake and is predicted to fail following the earthquake event that was taken into account.
{"title":"Pre and Post Earthquake Slope Stability Analysis Using Equivalent Linear Method – a Case Study of Jure Landslide","authors":"R. Shrestha, R. Tiwari","doi":"10.3126/jacem.v8i1.55913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v8i1.55913","url":null,"abstract":"Slope stability analysis is one of the most important tools to determine the stability of both natural as well as man-made slopes. The main objective of this study is to compare safety factor of the Jure landslide before and after an earthquake occurrence using Geostudio QUAKE/W module. Three different positions of water table (top, middle and bottom of debris) were considered for the study. The safety factors of both deterministic and probabilistic case are determined. The Gorkha Earthquake's time history data were taken into consideration. Both the bedrock and debris are modeled using the equivalent linear approach for dynamic analysis. The findings indicate that the slope was on the verge of failing prior to the earthquake and is predicted to fail following the earthquake event that was taken into account.","PeriodicalId":306432,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117116801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.3126/jacem.v8i2.55941
D. Dhakal, Nawraj Bhattarai, N. K. Jha
The water treatment plant (WTP) employs a variety of electrical machines and utilities, making it an intensive energy consumption plant. In this study, an energy audit was conducted on the Basbari WTP in Kathmandu, Nepal to identify the hotspots that consume most of the energy in the plant and recommend solutions for energy-efficient operation. A power quality analyzer was used to analyze the energy consumption patterns of electrical parameters and data from the electricity authority. The study found that transmission pumps and backwash/makeup pumps consume 77% and 6% of the energy, respectively. Efficient utilization of pump motors could result in an annual cost savings of NRS 160,954.81 from transmission pumps, backwash pumps, and make pumps. The payback period for light replacement and installation of a capacitor bank is 2.16 years and 1.95 years, respectively.
{"title":"Electrical Energy Auditing And Enhanchment of Power System at Basbari Water Treatment Plant, Kathmandu","authors":"D. Dhakal, Nawraj Bhattarai, N. K. Jha","doi":"10.3126/jacem.v8i2.55941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v8i2.55941","url":null,"abstract":"The water treatment plant (WTP) employs a variety of electrical machines and utilities, making it an intensive energy consumption plant. In this study, an energy audit was conducted on the Basbari WTP in Kathmandu, Nepal to identify the hotspots that consume most of the energy in the plant and recommend solutions for energy-efficient operation. A power quality analyzer was used to analyze the energy consumption patterns of electrical parameters and data from the electricity authority. The study found that transmission pumps and backwash/makeup pumps consume 77% and 6% of the energy, respectively. Efficient utilization of pump motors could result in an annual cost savings of NRS 160,954.81 from transmission pumps, backwash pumps, and make pumps. The payback period for light replacement and installation of a capacitor bank is 2.16 years and 1.95 years, respectively.","PeriodicalId":306432,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129412344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.3126/jacem.v8i1.55921
Hemanta Bhandari, Hari Bahadur Darlami, A. Jha
This paper introduces the amazing CLEWs Nepal model - a powerful tool that sheds light on the intricate interplay between climate policies and crucial resources like land, energy, and water. With more and more countries taking bold steps to combat climate change, it's crucial to understand the ripple effects of such decisions on other sectors. That's where CLEWs come in, providing decision-makers with valuable insights into the trade-offs and synergies involved in various climate policies. This paper examines the impact of the increasing global demand for power on greenhouse gas emissions, water usage, and hydropower production in Nepal. The study projects that by 2050, under current scenario and based on optimum growth rate, the country will only need to generate 9 GW of power, which can be mostly fulfilled by hydropower. However, there will be rise in CO2 emissions, particularly from the transport and biomass sectors. To mitigate the impact of this growth, the study recommends improving irrigated farming and forest conservation. The implementation of the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) can also contribute to reducing CO2 emissions and increasing hydropower production. We've calibrated the model to reveal fascinating insights into the long-term energy consumption patterns across different sectors, varying crop production based on irrigation levels, and total water usage in public and power sectors. And that's not all - we've also factored in the emissions produced while optimizing energy, food, and water demands for the public. Our model offers a range of policy options for Nepal, including an NDC scenario, which can help reduce CO2 emissions and preserve vital resources like water and land. We've also identified the costs and technology mix necessary to successfully implement these policies.
{"title":"Climate, Land, Energy and Water System Nexus Optimization Modeling for Nepal","authors":"Hemanta Bhandari, Hari Bahadur Darlami, A. Jha","doi":"10.3126/jacem.v8i1.55921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v8i1.55921","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the amazing CLEWs Nepal model - a powerful tool that sheds light on the intricate interplay between climate policies and crucial resources like land, energy, and water. With more and more countries taking bold steps to combat climate change, it's crucial to understand the ripple effects of such decisions on other sectors. That's where CLEWs come in, providing decision-makers with valuable insights into the trade-offs and synergies involved in various climate policies. \u0000This paper examines the impact of the increasing global demand for power on greenhouse gas emissions, water usage, and hydropower production in Nepal. The study projects that by 2050, under current scenario and based on optimum growth rate, the country will only need to generate 9 GW of power, which can be mostly fulfilled by hydropower. However, there will be rise in CO2 emissions, particularly from the transport and biomass sectors. To mitigate the impact of this growth, the study recommends improving irrigated farming and forest conservation. The implementation of the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) can also contribute to reducing CO2 emissions and increasing hydropower production. We've calibrated the model to reveal fascinating insights into the long-term energy consumption patterns across different sectors, varying crop production based on irrigation levels, and total water usage in public and power sectors. And that's not all - we've also factored in the emissions produced while optimizing energy, food, and water demands for the public. Our model offers a range of policy options for Nepal, including an NDC scenario, which can help reduce CO2 emissions and preserve vital resources like water and land. We've also identified the costs and technology mix necessary to successfully implement these policies.","PeriodicalId":306432,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131714952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.3126/jacem.v8i2.55943
Shiv Kumar Shah, Sanjog Adhikari Thapa
The paper present a system that convert a power generated from a renewable resources to a source having same voltage and frequency with respect to traditional power plant. As the conventional fossil fuel resources such as Coal, Diesel, Gas etc is limited in quantity which will run out very soon. Hence all the researchers throughout the world are looking for alternative form of energy[1]. As a consequence the penetration of WIND & PV – generated electrical energy into the grid system is increasing exponentially worldwide [2]. The paper consist of PV array, boost converter, 3phase VSC Inverter, synchronous generator and utility grid. PV system has low conversion efficiency, so to improve conversion efficiency it is important for PV system to work always at its maximum power point. Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) control technique is used to get maximum power as possible [3]. The voltage source inverter interface with grid and transfer an energy drawn from PV array to the grid by keeping the common voltage & frequency constant. The simulation results such as voltage, current, output power for each various combination have been recorded. The simulation has been accomplished in a Software of MATLAB Math Works.
本文介绍了一种将可再生能源发电转换成与传统发电厂具有相同电压和频率的电源的系统。由于传统的化石燃料资源如煤、柴油、天然气等数量有限，很快就会耗尽。因此，全世界的研究人员都在寻找替代能源[1]。因此，在全球范围内，风能和光伏发电对电网系统的渗透呈指数级增长[2]。本文主要由光伏阵列、升压变换器、三相VSC逆变器、同步发电机和公用电网组成。光伏发电系统的转换效率较低，要提高转换效率，光伏发电系统必须始终工作在最大功率点。采用最大功率点跟踪器(MPPT)控制技术，尽可能获得最大功率[3]。电压源逆变器与电网连接，通过保持公共电压和频率不变，将从光伏阵列获取的能量传输到电网。并记录了各种组合下的电压、电流、输出功率等仿真结果。在MATLAB Math Works软件中完成了仿真。
{"title":"Grid Impact Study of Micro-Grid with an Improved Transient Response using PV Panel in MATLAB-SIMULINK","authors":"Shiv Kumar Shah, Sanjog Adhikari Thapa","doi":"10.3126/jacem.v8i2.55943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v8i2.55943","url":null,"abstract":"The paper present a system that convert a power generated from a renewable resources to a source having same voltage and frequency with respect to traditional power plant. As the conventional fossil fuel resources such as Coal, Diesel, Gas etc is limited in quantity which will run out very soon. Hence all the researchers throughout the world are looking for alternative form of energy[1]. As a consequence the penetration of WIND & PV – generated electrical energy into the grid system is increasing exponentially worldwide [2]. The paper consist of PV array, boost converter, 3phase VSC Inverter, synchronous generator and utility grid. PV system has low conversion efficiency, so to improve conversion efficiency it is important for PV system to work always at its maximum power point. Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) control technique is used to get maximum power as possible [3]. The voltage source inverter interface with grid and transfer an energy drawn from PV array to the grid by keeping the common voltage & frequency constant. The simulation results such as voltage, current, output power for each various combination have been recorded. The simulation has been accomplished in a Software of MATLAB Math Works.","PeriodicalId":306432,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131286781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.3126/jacem.v8i1.55916
B. Baral, Rajan Suwal
Nepal is situated in an area with considerable seismic activity. It is important to choose structural systems that can withstand the lateral loads. In a dual system of reinforced concrete structures, the placement of shear walls optimally increases the stiffness of the buildings. The lateral rigidity of RC buildings may be improved by strategically placing lift core walls. Buildings would be more useful if they had easy access to an elevator and stairs. Torsional irregularity in buildings would be caused by the lift core wall's eccentric location. For these kinds of structures, a bidirectional seismic excitation study is required. In design, IS 1893:2016 is applied. Drift limitations are obtained from FEMA 356 2000 for different damage conditions and median displacement values are taken as per HAZUS 4.2 SP3. This research work presents the vulnerability due to eccentric positioning of lift core in symmetrical reinforced concrete frame. The torsional irregularities are needed to be removed with optimum positioning of extra shear walls. The reduction in vulnerability of buildings due to added walls is also studied.
{"title":"Seismic Performance of RC Buildings with Different Positions of Lift Core Wall and Added Shear Walls","authors":"B. Baral, Rajan Suwal","doi":"10.3126/jacem.v8i1.55916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v8i1.55916","url":null,"abstract":"Nepal is situated in an area with considerable seismic activity. It is important to choose structural systems that can withstand the lateral loads. In a dual system of reinforced concrete structures, the placement of shear walls optimally increases the stiffness of the buildings. The lateral rigidity of RC buildings may be improved by strategically placing lift core walls. Buildings would be more useful if they had easy access to an elevator and stairs. Torsional irregularity in buildings would be caused by the lift core wall's eccentric location. For these kinds of structures, a bidirectional seismic excitation study is required. In design, IS 1893:2016 is applied. Drift limitations are obtained from FEMA 356 2000 for different damage conditions and median displacement values are taken as per HAZUS 4.2 SP3. This research work presents the vulnerability due to eccentric positioning of lift core in symmetrical reinforced concrete frame. The torsional irregularities are needed to be removed with optimum positioning of extra shear walls. The reduction in vulnerability of buildings due to added walls is also studied.","PeriodicalId":306432,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124926703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.3126/jacem.v8i1.55911
Sanjaya Pandey, Anup Lamichhane, I. Acharya
Rapid urbanization and geological challenges in Kathmandu have made it crucial to understand the geotechnical properties of the soil in the region. This study here focuses on the undrained shear strength of silty clay in Kalimati, Kathmandu, and investigates the applicability of Vane Shear tests and its parameters over other shear strength tests from other methods. Geotechnical investigations were carried out at three locations within the Kathmandu Engineering College premises and in-situ and laboratory tests were conducted on undisturbed and disturbed samples. Then the study compared the field vane shear strength, undrained strength from unconfined compression tests, and laboratory vane shear strength of the samples. For the field vane shear test the correction factor as suggested by Bjerrum was used and the results indicate that this method overestimates the shear strength in Kalimati soil, indicating no adjustment is necessary. The findings of this study have important implications for the design and construction of structures in the region, and contribute to a better understanding of the geotechnical properties of Kathmandu soil.
{"title":"Evaluating the Undrained Shear Strength of Kalimati Soil Using Field Vane and Unconfined Compression Test; a Study on Applicability of Bjerrum’s Correction Factor","authors":"Sanjaya Pandey, Anup Lamichhane, I. Acharya","doi":"10.3126/jacem.v8i1.55911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v8i1.55911","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid urbanization and geological challenges in Kathmandu have made it crucial to understand the geotechnical properties of the soil in the region. This study here focuses on the undrained shear strength of silty clay in Kalimati, Kathmandu, and investigates the applicability of Vane Shear tests and its parameters over other shear strength tests from other methods. Geotechnical investigations were carried out at three locations within the Kathmandu Engineering College premises and in-situ and laboratory tests were conducted on undisturbed and disturbed samples. Then the study compared the field vane shear strength, undrained strength from unconfined compression tests, and laboratory vane shear strength of the samples. For the field vane shear test the correction factor as suggested by Bjerrum was used and the results indicate that this method overestimates the shear strength in Kalimati soil, indicating no adjustment is necessary. The findings of this study have important implications for the design and construction of structures in the region, and contribute to a better understanding of the geotechnical properties of Kathmandu soil.","PeriodicalId":306432,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129288726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.3126/jacem.v8i2.55940
R. Dhakal, R. Shrestha
Computational analysis is the modern design optimization tool used widely for determining the effect of different loading parameters where operating conditions and geometry are complex for manual solutions to execute. This study has great significance in the design and optimization of penstock branches as the ancient technology used for the design has least chance of having minimum head loss and good structural strength at the same time. Bifurcation of Raghuganga Hydropower Project of 40 MW installed capacity is chosen for this study in which, head loss, velocity and pressure distribution and stress distribution around the branching regions have been observed by varying the angle of cone of bifurcation. Upon varying the cone angles gradually starting from 3 degrees up to 15 degrees, the values of head loss have been reduced from 0.972 m to 0.086 m till 13-degree angle of cone and upon further increasing the angle to 15 degrees, the head loss increased sharply to 2.201 m. Also, for the structural analysis on the optimized cone angle profile, pipe thickness was varied from 25 mm till the values of stress was in the acceptable range. Upon simulations, it was found that optimum pipe thickness is 40 mm and sickle reinforcement of 75 mm with the value of maximum stress (Von-Mises) at the branching to be 167 MPa and minimum factor of safety of 1.49 for the material chosen i.e. E 250 corresponding to I S 2062.
{"title":"Computational Analysis of Bifurcation of Raghuganga Hydropower Project","authors":"R. Dhakal, R. Shrestha","doi":"10.3126/jacem.v8i2.55940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v8i2.55940","url":null,"abstract":"Computational analysis is the modern design optimization tool used widely for determining the effect of different loading parameters where operating conditions and geometry are complex for manual solutions to execute. This study has great significance in the design and optimization of penstock branches as the ancient technology used for the design has least chance of having minimum head loss and good structural strength at the same time. Bifurcation of Raghuganga Hydropower Project of 40 MW installed capacity is chosen for this study in which, head loss, velocity and pressure distribution and stress distribution around the branching regions have been observed by varying the angle of cone of bifurcation. Upon varying the cone angles gradually starting from 3 degrees up to 15 degrees, the values of head loss have been reduced from 0.972 m to 0.086 m till 13-degree angle of cone and upon further increasing the angle to 15 degrees, the head loss increased sharply to 2.201 m. Also, for the structural analysis on the optimized cone angle profile, pipe thickness was varied from 25 mm till the values of stress was in the acceptable range. Upon simulations, it was found that optimum pipe thickness is 40 mm and sickle reinforcement of 75 mm with the value of maximum stress (Von-Mises) at the branching to be 167 MPa and minimum factor of safety of 1.49 for the material chosen i.e. E 250 corresponding to I S 2062.","PeriodicalId":306432,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126430647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.3126/jacem.v8i2.55950
Mohan Paudel, K. Acharya, M. Acharya
This study explores the current status of basic-level students’ cognitive learning and examines how school education provisions are functioning to facilitate perceptive education. The study was conducted by adopting a mixed-method research design, including a quantitative survey and a qualitative case study for data generation from six schools in four districts across the country. With a small research grant support from UNESCO Nepal, this research was conducted under the Centre for Educational Research, Innovation and Development (CERID) to provide a new and innovative concept to learning from different aspects ranging from knowing to creating. Students’ achievement at six levels of cognitive development was evaluated based on a questionnaire containing items from the revised Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives. Classroom practices were systematically observed, and the main events and activities were recorded. The study revealed that the students performed better in remembering and showed lower performance at creating level. Classroom pedagogies were found dominantly lecture-based and concentrated around the acquisition of knowledge from the textbook. Besides, teachers were found not preparing the lesson plan, nor were they taking classes in a planned way. There was no plan, program, or practice regarding cognitive teaching-learning for addressing the specific potentials, weaknesses, and aptitudes of students at the basic level of education in Nepal.
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