Pub Date : 2022-08-25DOI: 10.3126/jacem.v7i01.47342
Shiva Nath Raila, Raju Acharya, Sudan Ghimire, S. Adhikari, Saroj Khanal, Y. Mishra, Manoj Lamichhane
The selection of General circulation models (GCMs) and suitable bias correction methods for any particular study area in very crucial for the projection of precipitation and temperature using climate models which can be used for estimating the future crop water requirement. The results of a General Circulation Model (GCM) are being downscaled and compared to a baseline climatology for two IPCC scenarios (ssp245 and ssp585) based on Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) climate model. We choose four GCMs models out of ten by evaluating their performance to observe historical data. Performance indicators (NSE, PBAIS, and RSR) are computed by comparing bias-corrected historical data with observed historical data. We found that GCM models EC-Earth3, NorESM2-MM, GDFL-ESM4, and IPSL-CM6A-LR showed a higher rating for maximum and minimum temperature, and GCM models EC-Earth3, NorESM2-MM, GDFLESM4, and MPI-ESM2-MM showed a higher rating for precipitation. Among the different bias correction functions power Xo transformation and Power transformed functions, Bernoulli’s Weibull showed the best performance for minimum temperature), maximum temperature, and precipitation, respectively. These models and bias correction could be used to project the climate variables of the surrounding basins.
{"title":"Out-Performing Bias-Corrected GCM Models and CMIP6-Based Precipitation and Temperature Projections for the Bagmati Irrigation Area","authors":"Shiva Nath Raila, Raju Acharya, Sudan Ghimire, S. Adhikari, Saroj Khanal, Y. Mishra, Manoj Lamichhane","doi":"10.3126/jacem.v7i01.47342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v7i01.47342","url":null,"abstract":"The selection of General circulation models (GCMs) and suitable bias correction methods for any particular study area in very crucial for the projection of precipitation and temperature using climate models which can be used for estimating the future crop water requirement. The results of a General Circulation Model (GCM) are being downscaled and compared to a baseline climatology for two IPCC scenarios (ssp245 and ssp585) based on Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) climate model. We choose four GCMs models out of ten by evaluating their performance to observe historical data. Performance indicators (NSE, PBAIS, and RSR) are computed by comparing bias-corrected historical data with observed historical data. We found that GCM models EC-Earth3, NorESM2-MM, GDFL-ESM4, and IPSL-CM6A-LR showed a higher rating for maximum and minimum temperature, and GCM models EC-Earth3, NorESM2-MM, GDFLESM4, and MPI-ESM2-MM showed a higher rating for precipitation. Among the different bias correction functions power Xo transformation and Power transformed functions, Bernoulli’s Weibull showed the best performance for minimum temperature), maximum temperature, and precipitation, respectively. These models and bias correction could be used to project the climate variables of the surrounding basins.","PeriodicalId":306432,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114523050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-25DOI: 10.3126/jacem.v7i01.47771
Salik Ram Subedi
The main objective of this article is to illustrate the roles of the Guthi system in Nepalese society. The paper discusses the contribution of Guthi system for the protection of heritage in the Kathmandu Valley. Effects of technological advancement on the ability of the Guthi system to preserve and maintain tangible and intangible cultural heritages of Nepal are yet inalienable aspects of the research. The Guthi system seems to have been focusing on the preservation of the religious, cultural, and social services along with organizing and performing rituals, Jatra, festival, chariot, worshiping deities, promotion, and protection of temples and monasteries. The establishment of the Guthi system was based on the social and cooperative promotion of such cultural and religious aspects. This system has endured a number of centuries the backbone of Nepalese culture and community. Guthi endowments were/are given to religious and charitable institutions. Lands are granted in order to maintain temples, hold religious ceremonies, support the population, and so on.
{"title":"Contributions of Guthi System for the Protection of Heritage","authors":"Salik Ram Subedi","doi":"10.3126/jacem.v7i01.47771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v7i01.47771","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this article is to illustrate the roles of the Guthi system in Nepalese society. The paper discusses the contribution of Guthi system for the protection of heritage in the Kathmandu Valley. Effects of technological advancement on the ability of the Guthi system to preserve and maintain tangible and intangible cultural heritages of Nepal are yet inalienable aspects of the research. The Guthi system seems to have been focusing on the preservation of the religious, cultural, and social services along with organizing and performing rituals, Jatra, festival, chariot, worshiping deities, promotion, and protection of temples and monasteries. The establishment of the Guthi system was based on the social and cooperative promotion of such cultural and religious aspects. This system has endured a number of centuries the backbone of Nepalese culture and community. Guthi endowments were/are given to religious and charitable institutions. Lands are granted in order to maintain temples, hold religious ceremonies, support the population, and so on.","PeriodicalId":306432,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114999721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-25DOI: 10.3126/jacem.v7i01.47341
Shamvu Jha, C. R. Bhatta
In this survey paper, we review a generalization of Gruss - type inequality by means of two different operators, one through K - fractional integral and other through Katugampola fractional integral. We state some related theorems, corollaries and their proofs. We study how results are interrelated?
{"title":"A Survey on Gruss-Type Inequalities by Means of Different Generalized Fractional Integrals","authors":"Shamvu Jha, C. R. Bhatta","doi":"10.3126/jacem.v7i01.47341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v7i01.47341","url":null,"abstract":"In this survey paper, we review a generalization of Gruss - type inequality by means of two different operators, one through K - fractional integral and other through Katugampola fractional integral. We state some related theorems, corollaries and their proofs. We study how results are interrelated? \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":306432,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130309005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-25DOI: 10.3126/jacem.v7i01.47345
Rajan Suwal
Nepal is well known for traditional temples. It is found that most of the temples were built in12th century to 17th Century. Most of the temples, built in 17th century, in Kathmandu valley were constructed in pagoda style. Timber along with bricks were used for construction and mud or surkhi mortar was used as a binding material. The Gorkha earthquake, 2015 caused minor to major damages to number of temples. Pictures highlighting damages in the temple were collected during damage reconnaissance and is used for studying its structural systems. Possible causes of damage pattern of temples are discussed and recommendations for future construction are given.
{"title":"Structural Engineering/Perspective Damage Pattern of Temples of Kathmandu Valley after Gorkha Earthquake 2015","authors":"Rajan Suwal","doi":"10.3126/jacem.v7i01.47345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v7i01.47345","url":null,"abstract":"Nepal is well known for traditional temples. It is found that most of the temples were built in12th century to 17th Century. Most of the temples, built in 17th century, in Kathmandu valley were constructed in pagoda style. Timber along with bricks were used for construction and mud or surkhi mortar was used as a binding material. The Gorkha earthquake, 2015 caused minor to major damages to number of temples. Pictures highlighting damages in the temple were collected during damage reconnaissance and is used for studying its structural systems. Possible causes of damage pattern of temples are discussed and recommendations for future construction are given.","PeriodicalId":306432,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115988405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-10DOI: 10.3126/jacem.v6i0.38357
Satkar Shrestha, R. Khadka
Pavement evaluation is the most significant procedure to minimize the degradation of the pavement both functionally and structurally. Proper evaluation of pavement is hence required to prolong the life year of the pavement, which thus needs to be addressed in the policy level. By this, the development of genuine indices are to be formulated and used for the evaluation. In context of evaluating the pavement indices for measuring the pavement roughness, International Roughness Index (IRI) is used, whereas for calculating the surface distress, indices as such Surface Distress Index (SDI) and Pavement Condition Index (PCI) are used. Past evaluating schemes used by Department of Roads (DOR) were limited to IRI for evaluating the pavement roughness and SDI for measuring the surface distress, which has least variability in categorizing the pavement according to the deformation. Apart from these, PCI which has wide range of categories for evaluating pavement, is not seen in practice in Nepal due to its cumbersome field work and calculations. In this paper the relationship is developed relating PCI with IRI and SDI using regression analysis by using Microsoft excel. In the other words, the pavement roughness index is compared with the surface distress indices. In 2017, 23.6Km of feeder roads in various locations of Kathmandu and Lalitpur districts were taken for this study which comprised of 236 sample data, each segmented to 100m. For this, IRI was sourced as secondary data, obtained from Highway Maintenance and Information System (HMIS) unit, Kathmandu, whereas, PCI and SDI were calculated from the field data obtained from the survey carried out in those sections manually. Then after, among 236 samples, 189 samples were taken for the relationship development which was then validated using 47 remaining samples. Furthermore, in the year, 2019 additional 3 Km of data was taken for validating the obtained relationships. It was done to improve the numerical predictions of data with such variation and thus satisfactory relationships were developed among the indices discussed in this study. The regression relationships between the two indices, IRI-PCI and IRI-SDI were thus significantly obtained. It has been found that the R² value for these relationships developed were statistically significant with 5% level of significance. The R² value for all the relationships showed that these relationships could be used for predicting the indices which would help in evaluating the pavement.
{"title":"Assessment of Relationship between Road Roughness and Pavement Surface Condition","authors":"Satkar Shrestha, R. Khadka","doi":"10.3126/jacem.v6i0.38357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v6i0.38357","url":null,"abstract":"Pavement evaluation is the most significant procedure to minimize the degradation of the pavement both functionally and structurally. Proper evaluation of pavement is hence required to prolong the life year of the pavement, which thus needs to be addressed in the policy level. By this, the development of genuine indices are to be formulated and used for the evaluation. In context of evaluating the pavement indices for measuring the pavement roughness, International Roughness Index (IRI) is used, whereas for calculating the surface distress, indices as such Surface Distress Index (SDI) and Pavement Condition Index (PCI) are used. Past evaluating schemes used by Department of Roads (DOR) were limited to IRI for evaluating the pavement roughness and SDI for measuring the surface distress, which has least variability in categorizing the pavement according to the deformation. Apart from these, PCI which has wide range of categories for evaluating pavement, is not seen in practice in Nepal due to its cumbersome field work and calculations. In this paper the relationship is developed relating PCI with IRI and SDI using regression analysis by using Microsoft excel. In the other words, the pavement roughness index is compared with the surface distress indices. In 2017, 23.6Km of feeder roads in various locations of Kathmandu and Lalitpur districts were taken for this study which comprised of 236 sample data, each segmented to 100m. For this, IRI was sourced as secondary data, obtained from Highway Maintenance and Information System (HMIS) unit, Kathmandu, whereas, PCI and SDI were calculated from the field data obtained from the survey carried out in those sections manually. Then after, among 236 samples, 189 samples were taken for the relationship development which was then validated using 47 remaining samples. Furthermore, in the year, 2019 additional 3 Km of data was taken for validating the obtained relationships. It was done to improve the numerical predictions of data with such variation and thus satisfactory relationships were developed among the indices discussed in this study. The regression relationships between the two indices, IRI-PCI and IRI-SDI were thus significantly obtained. It has been found that the R² value for these relationships developed were statistically significant with 5% level of significance. The R² value for all the relationships showed that these relationships could be used for predicting the indices which would help in evaluating the pavement.","PeriodicalId":306432,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131913388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-10DOI: 10.3126/jacem.v6i0.38364
Y. R. Adhikari, Rishi Kr. Barnawal
For reliable and secure power system, the stability analysis is recognized as an important problem. Voltage stability is the capacity of a power system to maintain steady acceptable voltages at all buses in the system. Voltage stability index (VSI) evaluation for a situation of power system can act as an accurate and fast indicator of the proximity of the system to voltage instability. Recently there has been considerable interest in intelligent methods based on artificial neural network (ANN), fuzzy logic and genetic algorithm to voltage stability assessment problem. ANN, with the ability to provide non-linear input/output mapping, parallel processing, learning and generalization have the potential to make them ideally suited for estimating VSI’s of a power system without solving the governing power system equations. This paper is to purpose an alternative method using ANN for finding the closeness of system operating point to voltage collapse that would be claimed to have better computational speed, accuracy, efficiency and reliability. Voltage Stability Analysis (VSA) using VSI is performed for different alternate loading strategies of power network building ANN models for every different scenario. The outcome found working satisfactorily in analyzing voltage stability problem, basically in ranking the network buses according vulnerability order.
{"title":"Artificial Neural Network Based Approach for Voltage Stability Analysis of for Sustained Operation of Power System","authors":"Y. R. Adhikari, Rishi Kr. Barnawal","doi":"10.3126/jacem.v6i0.38364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v6i0.38364","url":null,"abstract":"For reliable and secure power system, the stability analysis is recognized as an important problem. Voltage stability is the capacity of a power system to maintain steady acceptable voltages at all buses in the system. Voltage stability index (VSI) evaluation for a situation of power system can act as an accurate and fast indicator of the proximity of the system to voltage instability. Recently there has been considerable interest in intelligent methods based on artificial neural network (ANN), fuzzy logic and genetic algorithm to voltage stability assessment problem. ANN, with the ability to provide non-linear input/output mapping, parallel processing, learning and generalization have the potential to make them ideally suited for estimating VSI’s of a power system without solving the governing power system equations. This paper is to purpose an alternative method using ANN for finding the closeness of system operating point to voltage collapse that would be claimed to have better computational speed, accuracy, efficiency and reliability. Voltage Stability Analysis (VSA) using VSI is performed for different alternate loading strategies of power network building ANN models for every different scenario. The outcome found working satisfactorily in analyzing voltage stability problem, basically in ranking the network buses according vulnerability order.","PeriodicalId":306432,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129575255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-09DOI: 10.3126/jacem.v6i0.38346
Sandip Acharya, S. Upreti, S. Jha, Ananda Marasani, Suyog Kattel, Hemant Tiwari
Kathmandu is Rapidly growing city where the Crisis due to centralization is foreseen in Transportation sector due to lack of proper Planning and Vision prior of establishing settlement. The Current status of Transportation system in Kathmandu is quite alarming in absence of well-organized Public Transportation system. The growth of Vehicles and simultaneously lack of improvements of existing facilities and traffic management have resulted in unorganized improvement of Traffic thereby increasing congestion, accidents and decrease in vehicle speed affecting road capacity. So using managed Scientific system to decrease jam causing parameters with most planned system and replacing the existing Systems by modern facilities, the problem can be reduced. Introduction of Bus rapid transit by gradual replacement of old transportation systems by providing a bus lane can be promising remedial measure to optimize public transportation system in Kathmandu valley
{"title":"Public Transportation Optimization on Godawari to Budanilkantha Route Via Introduction Of Bus Rapid Transit","authors":"Sandip Acharya, S. Upreti, S. Jha, Ananda Marasani, Suyog Kattel, Hemant Tiwari","doi":"10.3126/jacem.v6i0.38346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v6i0.38346","url":null,"abstract":"Kathmandu is Rapidly growing city where the Crisis due to centralization is foreseen in Transportation sector due to lack of proper Planning and Vision prior of establishing settlement. The Current status of Transportation system in Kathmandu is quite alarming in absence of well-organized Public Transportation system. The growth of Vehicles and simultaneously lack of improvements of existing facilities and traffic management have resulted in unorganized improvement of Traffic thereby increasing congestion, accidents and decrease in vehicle speed affecting road capacity. So using managed Scientific system to decrease jam causing parameters with most planned system and replacing the existing Systems by modern facilities, the problem can be reduced. Introduction of Bus rapid transit by gradual replacement of old transportation systems by providing a bus lane can be promising remedial measure to optimize public transportation system in Kathmandu valley","PeriodicalId":306432,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127968049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-09DOI: 10.3126/jacem.v6i0.38342
Rajendra K.C., A. M. Nakarmi
This study aims to analyse energy scenarios of Bhaktapur Municipality through primary data survey of 165 houses as a function of household's characteristics. Three scenarios are considered business-as-usual (BAU), Sustainable Energy scenario (SED) and Accelerated Growth Scenario (AGS). BAU, SED and AGS show an expected energy growth at annual rates of4.08%, 3.71% and 4.01%; with economic growth of 4.6%, 7.0% and 9.2% respectively. Whereas, the electricity consumption per household in the SEDand AGS are 3,840KWh and 4,698KWh respectively, lies in tier-5 as per SDG. Fuel imported cost NRs. 471 million and NRs. 523 million can be saved in SED and AGS Scenarios respectively as compare to BAU scenario. Overall, under all three scenarios, it was found that total GHG emission in 2018 was 7.59 kilotons to nil in 2030 for SED and AGS.Furthermore,NPV value in AGS and SED scenarios are in negative value which means both scenarios is economically viable.
{"title":"Urban Energy Scenario of Household Sector in Bhaktapur Municipality for Sustainable Energy Development","authors":"Rajendra K.C., A. M. Nakarmi","doi":"10.3126/jacem.v6i0.38342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v6i0.38342","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to analyse energy scenarios of Bhaktapur Municipality through primary data survey of 165 houses as a function of household's characteristics. Three scenarios are considered business-as-usual (BAU), Sustainable Energy scenario (SED) and Accelerated Growth Scenario (AGS). BAU, SED and AGS show an expected energy growth at annual rates of4.08%, 3.71% and 4.01%; with economic growth of 4.6%, 7.0% and 9.2% respectively. Whereas, the electricity consumption per household in the SEDand AGS are 3,840KWh and 4,698KWh respectively, lies in tier-5 as per SDG. Fuel imported cost NRs. 471 million and NRs. 523 million can be saved in SED and AGS Scenarios respectively as compare to BAU scenario. Overall, under all three scenarios, it was found that total GHG emission in 2018 was 7.59 kilotons to nil in 2030 for SED and AGS.Furthermore,NPV value in AGS and SED scenarios are in negative value which means both scenarios is economically viable.","PeriodicalId":306432,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127571445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-09DOI: 10.3126/jacem.v6i0.38344
R. Acharya, N. Bhattarai
This paper highlights the trend of carbon dioxide emission and its reduction measure at Tribhuvan International Airport, which is the only international airport of Nepal. The landing and take-off (LTO) cycle of three-year (2016 to 2018) data were gathered from Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal (CAAN) for all types of aircrafts and fuel consumption data of each ground service equipment (GSE) were collected from Nepal Airlines Corporation (NAC). With the help of LTO emission factors published by different institutions and collected data, the emission was calculated and overall (international, domestic, helicopters and GSE) CO₂ emission in the year 2016, 2017 and 2018 was found to be 56.55, 65.66 and 71.89 Kilotonnes respectively. Upon validation of calculated emission the discrepancy of 2.59% was found. The CO₂ emission was forecasted up-to 2030 considering two scenarios namely, time series analysis and regression analysis. Lastly, for the CO₂ reduction from GSE the scenario; Electrical GSE and Construction of Aerobridge was studied and from which it was found that the CO₂ will be reduced by 80% if implemented.
{"title":"Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emission From Aircrafts and Ground Service Equipment at Tribhuvan International Airport of Nepal","authors":"R. Acharya, N. Bhattarai","doi":"10.3126/jacem.v6i0.38344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v6i0.38344","url":null,"abstract":"This paper highlights the trend of carbon dioxide emission and its reduction measure at Tribhuvan International Airport, which is the only international airport of Nepal. The landing and take-off (LTO) cycle of three-year (2016 to 2018) data were gathered from Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal (CAAN) for all types of aircrafts and fuel consumption data of each ground service equipment (GSE) were collected from Nepal Airlines Corporation (NAC). With the help of LTO emission factors published by different institutions and collected data, the emission was calculated and overall (international, domestic, helicopters and GSE) CO₂ emission in the year 2016, 2017 and 2018 was found to be 56.55, 65.66 and 71.89 Kilotonnes respectively. Upon validation of calculated emission the discrepancy of 2.59% was found. The CO₂ emission was forecasted up-to 2030 considering two scenarios namely, time series analysis and regression analysis. Lastly, for the CO₂ reduction from GSE the scenario; Electrical GSE and Construction of Aerobridge was studied and from which it was found that the CO₂ will be reduced by 80% if implemented.","PeriodicalId":306432,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122549146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.3126/jacem.v6i0.38322
M. Kafle
This paper presents a numerical simulation of recirculating flow patterns in groyne fields. Moreover, it entails the concept determination of proper spacing of vertical unsubmerged and impermeable groynesin seriesto control the bank erosion. Flow pattern between the groynes varies along their space. The flow in groyne field may significantly affect the flow change, bed change, bank erosion and condition of habitat. In this regard, an assessment of flow along the space of groynes will yield important data needed to diversify the object of groyne installation. So, knowledge about determination of the proper spacing of groynes in groyne field is important. Space of vertical groynes was set from 1.5 to 10 times the length of groynes. The velocity field between groynes was simulated by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model Nays 2D. Simulated velocity field was compared with existing experimentaldata for the same parameter, which agreed satisfactorily. Based on simulated results,the optimal spacing of vertical groynes to control the bank erosion was recommended.
{"title":"Numerical Simulation of Flow Pattern in Series of Impermeable Groynes in Fixed Bed","authors":"M. Kafle","doi":"10.3126/jacem.v6i0.38322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v6i0.38322","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a numerical simulation of recirculating flow patterns in groyne fields. Moreover, it entails the concept determination of proper spacing of vertical unsubmerged and impermeable groynesin seriesto control the bank erosion. Flow pattern between the groynes varies along their space. The flow in groyne field may significantly affect the flow change, bed change, bank erosion and condition of habitat. In this regard, an assessment of flow along the space of groynes will yield important data needed to diversify the object of groyne installation. So, knowledge about determination of the proper spacing of groynes in groyne field is important. Space of vertical groynes was set from 1.5 to 10 times the length of groynes. The velocity field between groynes was simulated by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model Nays 2D. Simulated velocity field was compared with existing experimentaldata for the same parameter, which agreed satisfactorily. Based on simulated results,the optimal spacing of vertical groynes to control the bank erosion was recommended.","PeriodicalId":306432,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133970283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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