Taha Jafarian-Haris, A. Tavakkoli, M. Najafzadeh, A. Danesh
Background: Poly-L-malic acid (PLMA) comprises aliphatic polyester polymers with broad applications in pharmaceutical industries. The fungal microorganisms are among the best natural sources recruited to supply L-malic acid (MA) as a precursor of PLMA. In this study, we investigated MA production ability of 7 clinical isolated of the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans. Materials and Methods: Seven clinical isolates of A. pullulans acquired from Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute were studied, and the isolate with the highest total MA production was selected for the optimization process. We tried to optimize the output by applying different concentrations of CaCO3 in fungus medium (1.5%, 3%, and 6%) and various incubation temperatures (27°C, 32°C, and 37°C) during 3, 7, and 14 days. Results: Intra-strains variation was significantly strong (P<0.0001), and the highest production of MA was carried out by the isolate A. pullulans var. melanigenum dH 21931, UTHSC 06-456. The amount of MA produced by this strain was significantly higher in medium with 3% CaCO3 compared with other concentrations of CaCO3 and after 7 days incubation than the other fermentation times (P<0.05). Although MA production was higher at 27°C, the differences between the investigated various temperatures were not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: Overall, we obtained the highest MA production in Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA)medium with 3% CaCO3 at 27°C after 7 days of incubation. Our study indicated that the fermentation period and CaCO3 concentration significantly alter MA production in A. pullulans var. melanigenum.
{"title":"Characterization and Optimization of L-Malic Acid Production by Some Clinical Isolates of Aureobasidium pullulans","authors":"Taha Jafarian-Haris, A. Tavakkoli, M. Najafzadeh, A. Danesh","doi":"10.32598/RMM.8.4.1173.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/RMM.8.4.1173.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Poly-L-malic acid (PLMA) comprises aliphatic polyester polymers with broad applications in pharmaceutical industries. The fungal microorganisms are among the best natural sources recruited to supply L-malic acid (MA) as a precursor of PLMA. In this study, we investigated MA production ability of 7 clinical isolated of the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans. Materials and Methods: Seven clinical isolates of A. pullulans acquired from Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute were studied, and the isolate with the highest total MA production was selected for the optimization process. We tried to optimize the output by applying different concentrations of CaCO3 in fungus medium (1.5%, 3%, and 6%) and various incubation temperatures (27°C, 32°C, and 37°C) during 3, 7, and 14 days. Results: Intra-strains variation was significantly strong (P<0.0001), and the highest production of MA was carried out by the isolate A. pullulans var. melanigenum dH 21931, UTHSC 06-456. The amount of MA produced by this strain was significantly higher in medium with 3% CaCO3 compared with other concentrations of CaCO3 and after 7 days incubation than the other fermentation times (P<0.05). Although MA production was higher at 27°C, the differences between the investigated various temperatures were not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: Overall, we obtained the highest MA production in Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA)medium with 3% CaCO3 at 27°C after 7 days of incubation. Our study indicated that the fermentation period and CaCO3 concentration significantly alter MA production in A. pullulans var. melanigenum.","PeriodicalId":30778,"journal":{"name":"Research in Molecular Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"209-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48147641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arezo Askari Rad, J. Fayazi, Houshang Dehghanzadeh
Background: Because milk and milk products play a vital role in human nutrition, dairy cattle farmers are working in increasing milk production or changing its composition. For this reason, researching the genes which play an important role in milk production and its composition is of high value. Information theory is an interdisciplinary branch of mathematics which overlaps with communications engineering, biology, and medicine. It has been used in genetic and bioinformatics analyses such as the biological structures and sequences. Materials and methods: In this study, a total of 20 microRNAs from those affecting the breast tissue and mammary glands have been extracted from the microRNA database. For each microRNA sequence, the entropy values of the first- to third-order were calculated and the Kullback-Leibler divergence criteria were estimated. Then, the Kullback-Leibler divergence matrix of the microRNAs was considered as the inputs for clustering methods. All calculations were performed in the R program. The biological pathway of each target was predicted using the KEGG server. Results: MicroRNAs are divided into two main groups based upon comparing and analyzing all the created clusters. The first group contains 18 microRNA and the second group contains 2 microRNAs at the first- and third-order entropies. The second-order entropy contains 19 microRNA in the first group and only 1 microRNA in the second group. The clustering topology changes as the entropy order changes from 1 to 3, with the most significant changes being seen in the clustering resulted from the third-order entropy. Conclusion: In the proposed method of clustering, we obtained a biological grouping of genes. There is a good concordance between most of the microRNAs within one cluster and their biological pathway. The algorithm is applicable for clustering a range of genes and even genomes based on their DNA sequences entropy. Our method can help assign and predict the biological activity of those genes that lack robust annotations because it relies only on the DNA sequence and length of the genes.
{"title":"Clustering Some MicroRNAs Expressed in the Breast Tissue Using Shannon Information Theory and Comparing the Results With UPGMA, Neighbor-Joining, and Maximum-Likelihood Methods","authors":"Arezo Askari Rad, J. Fayazi, Houshang Dehghanzadeh","doi":"10.32598/RMM.8.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/RMM.8.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Because milk and milk products play a vital role in human nutrition, dairy cattle farmers are working in increasing milk production or changing its composition. For this reason, researching the genes which play an important role in milk production and its composition is of high value. Information theory is an interdisciplinary branch of mathematics which overlaps with communications engineering, biology, and medicine. It has been used in genetic and bioinformatics analyses such as the biological structures and sequences. Materials and methods: In this study, a total of 20 microRNAs from those affecting the breast tissue and mammary glands have been extracted from the microRNA database. For each microRNA sequence, the entropy values of the first- to third-order were calculated and the Kullback-Leibler divergence criteria were estimated. Then, the Kullback-Leibler divergence matrix of the microRNAs was considered as the inputs for clustering methods. All calculations were performed in the R program. The biological pathway of each target was predicted using the KEGG server. Results: MicroRNAs are divided into two main groups based upon comparing and analyzing all the created clusters. The first group contains 18 microRNA and the second group contains 2 microRNAs at the first- and third-order entropies. The second-order entropy contains 19 microRNA in the first group and only 1 microRNA in the second group. The clustering topology changes as the entropy order changes from 1 to 3, with the most significant changes being seen in the clustering resulted from the third-order entropy. Conclusion: In the proposed method of clustering, we obtained a biological grouping of genes. There is a good concordance between most of the microRNAs within one cluster and their biological pathway. The algorithm is applicable for clustering a range of genes and even genomes based on their DNA sequences entropy. Our method can help assign and predict the biological activity of those genes that lack robust annotations because it relies only on the DNA sequence and length of the genes.","PeriodicalId":30778,"journal":{"name":"Research in Molecular Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"179-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44721956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saeid Taghiloo, A. Ajami, M. Tehrani, Arezou Abbasi, R. Alizadeh-Navaei, Mohsen Akhiani, A. Salami
1. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. 2. Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. 3. Molecular and Cell-biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. 4. Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. 5. Department of Rheumatology, Alborz Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. 6. Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
{"title":"Transcription Factor Assay of Peripheral Blood T cells in Different Groups of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients","authors":"Saeid Taghiloo, A. Ajami, M. Tehrani, Arezou Abbasi, R. Alizadeh-Navaei, Mohsen Akhiani, A. Salami","doi":"10.32598/RMM.8.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/RMM.8.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"1. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. 2. Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. 3. Molecular and Cell-biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. 4. Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. 5. Department of Rheumatology, Alborz Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. 6. Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.","PeriodicalId":30778,"journal":{"name":"Research in Molecular Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"153-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45279215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the world. It may result from a defect in the genes involved in DNA repair. One of the essential genes in the repair pathway is the XRCC1 gene that its polymorphisms in the human population play a role in gastric cancer susceptibility. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the association of 194C/T and 399G/A polymorphisms of the XRCC1 gene with gastric cancer in an Iranian population. Materials and methods: A total of 66 patients with gastric cancer and 67 control individuals were enrolled in our study. Following DNA extraction from blood samples, polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. Results: The allele frequencies of C/T of XRCC1-194C/T in the control and patients groups were 83.17% and 71.29%, respectively. Moreover, The allele frequencies of G/A of XRCC1-399G/A in control and patient groups were 66.34% and 62.38%, respectively. Our results indicated a significant positive association between the distribution T/C alleles and the risk of gastric cancer (χ2: 5.37 and P=0.02), but no significant association was found in the distribution G/A alleles (χ2: 0.47 and P=0.48). Conclusion: Altogether, these findings indicate a positive association between the distribution of 194T/C alleles of XRCC1 and the risk of gastric cancer and the presence of the C allele may increase the risk of gastric cancer.
{"title":"The Association between C194T and G399A Polymorphism of XRCC1 Gene and Susceptibility to Gastric Cancer in Population from Western Iran","authors":"J. Vatandoost, Maryam Sanaie, K. Yari","doi":"10.32598/RMM.8.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/RMM.8.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the world. It may result from a defect in the genes involved in DNA repair. One of the essential genes in the repair pathway is the XRCC1 gene that its polymorphisms in the human population play a role in gastric cancer susceptibility. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the association of 194C/T and 399G/A polymorphisms of the XRCC1 gene with gastric cancer in an Iranian population. Materials and methods: A total of 66 patients with gastric cancer and 67 control individuals were enrolled in our study. Following DNA extraction from blood samples, polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. Results: The allele frequencies of C/T of XRCC1-194C/T in the control and patients groups were 83.17% and 71.29%, respectively. Moreover, The allele frequencies of G/A of XRCC1-399G/A in control and patient groups were 66.34% and 62.38%, respectively. Our results indicated a significant positive association between the distribution T/C alleles and the risk of gastric cancer (χ2: 5.37 and P=0.02), but no significant association was found in the distribution G/A alleles (χ2: 0.47 and P=0.48). Conclusion: Altogether, these findings indicate a positive association between the distribution of 194T/C alleles of XRCC1 and the risk of gastric cancer and the presence of the C allele may increase the risk of gastric cancer.","PeriodicalId":30778,"journal":{"name":"Research in Molecular Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"171-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47618436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Probiotics are “live microbial cells” that are beneficial for human and animal health. Lactobacilli are such a diverse group of bacteria with similar metabolic and physiological characteristics, and constitute important and beneficial gut microflora. During carbohydrate fermentation, lactobacilli produce lactic acid as an end product in metabolism. Hence, lactobacilli have high significance to be used as probiotics in the food industry, because of their acidifying properties. Also, lactobacilli are considered “safe”, owing to their ubiquitous presence in the food. Many researchers provided evidence for the presence of lactobacilli in milk sources. Thus, the present study aimed to isolate and characterize different lactobacilli strains from milk sources and analyze their “probiotic potential”.
{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria From Milk and Their Effects on the Pathogenic Bacteria","authors":"C. Ghazaei","doi":"10.32598/RMM.8.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/RMM.8.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Probiotics are “live microbial cells” that are beneficial for human and animal health. Lactobacilli are such a diverse group of bacteria with similar metabolic and physiological characteristics, and constitute important and beneficial gut microflora. During carbohydrate fermentation, lactobacilli produce lactic acid as an end product in metabolism. Hence, lactobacilli have high significance to be used as probiotics in the food industry, because of their acidifying properties. Also, lactobacilli are considered “safe”, owing to their ubiquitous presence in the food. Many researchers provided evidence for the presence of lactobacilli in milk sources. Thus, the present study aimed to isolate and characterize different lactobacilli strains from milk sources and analyze their “probiotic potential”.","PeriodicalId":30778,"journal":{"name":"Research in Molecular Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"189-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42761539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kiani, Abazar Pournajaf, Thelma Zareh, Mohsen Karami, Mojtaba Taghizadeh Armaki, M. Gholami
Background: The increasing resistance of human microbial pathogens to the available antibacterial compounds is a significant threat, resulting in the search for new antibiotic resources such as plants and probiotics. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Urtica dioica, Mentha longifolia, and bacteriocin purified from a probiotic bacteria using the standard disk diffusion method against some pathogenic strains. Materials and methods: Ethanolic/methanolic extract of U. dioica, M. longifolia, and bacteriocin from probiotic bacteria were prepared by the standard methods. The effect of different concentrations of the extracts on some antibiotic-resistant bacteria was evaluated using the standard disk diffusion method by measuring the diameter of the growth inhibition zone. Results: The disk diffusion test showed that the bacteriocin Lactobacillus casei had more growth inhibitory effects on the tested bacterial strains than the methanolic and ethanolic extracts of U. dioica and M. longifolia. Bacteriocin extract of L. casei exhibited significant antibacterial activity at the concentrations of 12 and 18 mg/mL (P≤0.05) against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, while a 12 mm zone of inhibition was observed in the concentration of 1.5 mg/mL against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). Conclusion: According to the agar well diffusion method results, the bacteriocin producing L. casei has an extensive range of antibacterial spectrum against resistant bacteria. It can be used as an alternative to antimicrobia agents for the treatment of infections caused by resistant bacteria. It is suggested that in future research, the cytotoxicity of the extracts be evaluated in vitro/in vivo studies.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic and Methanolic Extracts of Urtica dioica, Mentha longifolia, and Bacteriocin Produced by Lactobacillus casei Against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria","authors":"M. Kiani, Abazar Pournajaf, Thelma Zareh, Mohsen Karami, Mojtaba Taghizadeh Armaki, M. Gholami","doi":"10.32598/RMM.8.1062.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/RMM.8.1062.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The increasing resistance of human microbial pathogens to the available antibacterial compounds is a significant threat, resulting in the search for new antibiotic resources such as plants and probiotics. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Urtica dioica, Mentha longifolia, and bacteriocin purified from a probiotic bacteria using the standard disk diffusion method against some pathogenic strains. Materials and methods: Ethanolic/methanolic extract of U. dioica, M. longifolia, and bacteriocin from probiotic bacteria were prepared by the standard methods. The effect of different concentrations of the extracts on some antibiotic-resistant bacteria was evaluated using the standard disk diffusion method by measuring the diameter of the growth inhibition zone. Results: The disk diffusion test showed that the bacteriocin Lactobacillus casei had more growth inhibitory effects on the tested bacterial strains than the methanolic and ethanolic extracts of U. dioica and M. longifolia. Bacteriocin extract of L. casei exhibited significant antibacterial activity at the concentrations of 12 and 18 mg/mL (P≤0.05) against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, while a 12 mm zone of inhibition was observed in the concentration of 1.5 mg/mL against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). Conclusion: According to the agar well diffusion method results, the bacteriocin producing L. casei has an extensive range of antibacterial spectrum against resistant bacteria. It can be used as an alternative to antimicrobia agents for the treatment of infections caused by resistant bacteria. It is suggested that in future research, the cytotoxicity of the extracts be evaluated in vitro/in vivo studies.","PeriodicalId":30778,"journal":{"name":"Research in Molecular Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"163-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44194128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rahil Jannatifar, H. Piroozmanesh, Leila Naserpoor
Background: This study aimed to explore whether the addition of a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) analog and isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) in freezing media improved sperm quality and what role cAMP has in this recovery. Materials and methods: ach semen sample was cryopreserved into four groups: fresh semen sample, as a control group, freezing medium + 2.5 mM cAMP analog and 0.2 mM IBMX, freezing medium + 12.5 mM cAMP analog and 0.2 mM IBMX, and freezing medium + 25 mM cAMP analog and 0.2 mM IBMX. Sperm parameters after post-thaw were analyzed according to WHO instruction (2010). Viability, acrosome reaction, and DNA damage levels of the samples were evaluated. Results: Our results indicated that the effective concentrations of 12.5 and 25 mM cAMP analog and 0.2 mM IBMX significantly improved the total motility, progressive motility, and viability of the frozen-thawed (P<0.05). However, non-progressive motility and immotile were significantly reduced in the 12.5 and 25 mM cAMP analogs and 0.2 mM IBMX groups after thawing (P<0.05). During freezing the spermatozoa, the high concentration of the cAMP analog increased acrosome reaction after thawing in the 25 mM and 0.2 mM IBMX treated samples (P<0.05). DNA fragmentation in 25 mM cAMP analog and 0.2 mM (IBMX) supplementation was significantly lower compared to the other groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Our findings revealed that in vitro cAMP analog and IBMX supplementation in freezing media play an important role in preventing cryodamage by maintaining the sperm functional parameters.
{"title":"Supplementation of Freezing Media with Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Analog and Isobutylmethylxanthine on Sperm Quality","authors":"Rahil Jannatifar, H. Piroozmanesh, Leila Naserpoor","doi":"10.32598/RMM.8.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/RMM.8.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study aimed to explore whether the addition of a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) analog and isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) in freezing media improved sperm quality and what role cAMP has in this recovery. Materials and methods: ach semen sample was cryopreserved into four groups: fresh semen sample, as a control group, freezing medium + 2.5 mM cAMP analog and 0.2 mM IBMX, freezing medium + 12.5 mM cAMP analog and 0.2 mM IBMX, and freezing medium + 25 mM cAMP analog and 0.2 mM IBMX. Sperm parameters after post-thaw were analyzed according to WHO instruction (2010). Viability, acrosome reaction, and DNA damage levels of the samples were evaluated. Results: Our results indicated that the effective concentrations of 12.5 and 25 mM cAMP analog and 0.2 mM IBMX significantly improved the total motility, progressive motility, and viability of the frozen-thawed (P<0.05). However, non-progressive motility and immotile were significantly reduced in the 12.5 and 25 mM cAMP analogs and 0.2 mM IBMX groups after thawing (P<0.05). During freezing the spermatozoa, the high concentration of the cAMP analog increased acrosome reaction after thawing in the 25 mM and 0.2 mM IBMX treated samples (P<0.05). DNA fragmentation in 25 mM cAMP analog and 0.2 mM (IBMX) supplementation was significantly lower compared to the other groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Our findings revealed that in vitro cAMP analog and IBMX supplementation in freezing media play an important role in preventing cryodamage by maintaining the sperm functional parameters.","PeriodicalId":30778,"journal":{"name":"Research in Molecular Medicine","volume":"5 41","pages":"201-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41307060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
n January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the COVID-19 outbreak, caused by SARS-CoV-2, a publichealth emergency [1]. Following the skyrocketing spread of SARS-CoV-2 into more than 210 countries, diverse clinical strategies have been urgently explored against the COVID-19 pandemic while a magic-bullet antiviral vaccine or treatment is unavailable [2]. Although the clinical features of COVID-19 and the epidemiological characteristics of the pandemic have been described, COVID-19 has seemingly evolved, and its new symptoms and associations are being reported over time [3-7]. Nevertheless, SARS-CoV-2 is extremely contagious and new to the human immune system; thus, everyone is vulnerable.
{"title":"Inhibitors of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme or Blockers of Angiotensin-2 Receptor in COVID-19 Patients with Comorbid Cardiovascular or Pulmonary Diseases","authors":"F. Rahimi, A. Talebi Bezmin abadi","doi":"10.32598/RMM.8.3.851.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/RMM.8.3.851.6","url":null,"abstract":"n January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the COVID-19 outbreak, caused by SARS-CoV-2, a publichealth emergency [1]. Following the skyrocketing spread of SARS-CoV-2 into more than 210 countries, diverse clinical strategies have been urgently explored against the COVID-19 pandemic while a magic-bullet antiviral vaccine or treatment is unavailable [2]. Although the clinical features of COVID-19 and the epidemiological characteristics of the pandemic have been described, COVID-19 has seemingly evolved, and its new symptoms and associations are being reported over time [3-7]. Nevertheless, SARS-CoV-2 is extremely contagious and new to the human immune system; thus, everyone is vulnerable.","PeriodicalId":30778,"journal":{"name":"Research in Molecular Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"103-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46363726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Obeidi, M. Mousavi, Arghavan Hosseinpouri, Hamideh Malekhayati, E. Ehsandoost
Background: Fucoidans are a group of sulfated fucose-rich polysaccharides that are isolated from brown marine algae and echinoderms, and recently have been found in seagrasses. Fucoidans, as well as their derivatives, have several beneficial biological effects and therapeutic potentials. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the anticoagulative effects of two species of brown algae, namely Sargassum angustifolium (S. angustifolium) and Cystoseira indica (C. indica). Methods: Fucoidan C and fucoidan S were extracted by an ethanol/water solvent system from S. angustifolium and C. indicia, respectively. The anticoagulative effects of fucoidan C and fucoidan S were tested on 10 normal serum samples by evaluating the rate of thrombin time (PT) and prothrombin time (PTT). Results: Both fucoidan C and fucoidan S significantly increased PTT. However, no significant difference was observed in PT. Fucoidan C had a greater effect on PTT prolongation compared with fucoidan S. Conclusion: Both fucoidans extracted from S. angustifolium and C. indicia can be used as anticoagulants in biotechnology and human disorders.
背景:岩藻多糖是从褐藻和棘皮动物中分离出来的一类富含硫酸化焦糖的多糖，最近在海草中发现。岩藻胶及其衍生物具有多种有益的生物学效应和治疗潜力。本研究旨在评价两种褐藻(Sargassum angustifolium, S. angustifolium)和Cystoseira indica (C. indica)的抗凝血作用。方法:采用乙醇/水溶剂体系分别从褐藻多糖C和褐藻多糖S中提取褐藻多糖。通过测定凝血酶时间(PT)和凝血酶原时间(PTT)，观察岩藻糖聚糖C和岩藻糖聚糖S对10例正常人血清的抗凝作用。结果:褐藻聚糖C和褐藻聚糖S均能显著提高PTT。褐藻糖聚糖C与褐藻糖聚糖s相比，对PTT的延长作用更大。结论:两种褐藻糖聚糖均可作为生物技术和人类疾病的抗凝剂。
{"title":"nticoagulative Effect of Two Species of Brown Algae; Sargassum Angustifolium and Cystoseira Indica","authors":"N. Obeidi, M. Mousavi, Arghavan Hosseinpouri, Hamideh Malekhayati, E. Ehsandoost","doi":"10.32598/RMM.8.3.1099.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/RMM.8.3.1099.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fucoidans are a group of sulfated fucose-rich polysaccharides that are isolated from brown marine algae and echinoderms, and recently have been found in seagrasses. Fucoidans, as well as their derivatives, have several beneficial biological effects and therapeutic potentials. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the anticoagulative effects of two species of brown algae, namely Sargassum angustifolium (S. angustifolium) and Cystoseira indica (C. indica). Methods: Fucoidan C and fucoidan S were extracted by an ethanol/water solvent system from S. angustifolium and C. indicia, respectively. The anticoagulative effects of fucoidan C and fucoidan S were tested on 10 normal serum samples by evaluating the rate of thrombin time (PT) and prothrombin time (PTT). Results: Both fucoidan C and fucoidan S significantly increased PTT. However, no significant difference was observed in PT. Fucoidan C had a greater effect on PTT prolongation compared with fucoidan S. Conclusion: Both fucoidans extracted from S. angustifolium and C. indicia can be used as anticoagulants in biotechnology and human disorders.","PeriodicalId":30778,"journal":{"name":"Research in Molecular Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"125-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46340474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maryam Moradi Chaleshtori, Z. Hojati, A. Jazaeri, H. Teimori
Background: HER2 status testing in breast cancer is crucial for the detection of eligible patients for trastuzumab therapy. In this study, the relative copy number of HER2 gene, in patients with breast cancer, was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and the results were compared with those of immunohistochemistry (IHC) to obtain the concordance rate between these two methods. Material and Methods: HER2 status of 31 invasive breast cancer samples was compared using IHC and FISH techniques. The ratio of HER2/CEP17 was used to determine the amplification of the HER2 gene. If the ratio of HER2/CEP17 is greater than 2.2, HER2 gene amplification has occurred in the cancer cells. Then, a comparative analysis is performed to estimate the concordance rate between FISH and IHC results. Results: The gene amplification of HER2 was observed in 26% of cases by FISH. The IHC and FISH results showed 100%, 36.36%, and 85.71% concordance rates for cases with IHC scores of 3+, 2+, and 0/+1, respectively. The overall concordance between the two methods was 80%. Based on statistical analysis, HER2 status showed a considerable correlation with tumor grade (P= 0.02). No correlation was observed between HER2 gene status and the size and type of tumor, characteristics of lymph node, and patients’ age. Conclusion: The data suggested that IHC results are reliable for HER2 status testing in cases with IHC scores 0/+1 and 3+. However, in patients with an IHC score of +2, it is necessary to perform a complimentary test to evaluate HER2 status to avoid haphazard treatment with trastuzumab in negative cases and identifying positive cases for suitable treatment.
{"title":"HER2 Testing in Invasive Breast Cancer: A Comparison Between Immunohistochemistry and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Assays","authors":"Maryam Moradi Chaleshtori, Z. Hojati, A. Jazaeri, H. Teimori","doi":"10.32598/RMM.8.3.1133.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/RMM.8.3.1133.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: HER2 status testing in breast cancer is crucial for the detection of eligible patients for trastuzumab therapy. In this study, the relative copy number of HER2 gene, in patients with breast cancer, was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and the results were compared with those of immunohistochemistry (IHC) to obtain the concordance rate between these two methods. Material and Methods: HER2 status of 31 invasive breast cancer samples was compared using IHC and FISH techniques. The ratio of HER2/CEP17 was used to determine the amplification of the HER2 gene. If the ratio of HER2/CEP17 is greater than 2.2, HER2 gene amplification has occurred in the cancer cells. Then, a comparative analysis is performed to estimate the concordance rate between FISH and IHC results. Results: The gene amplification of HER2 was observed in 26% of cases by FISH. The IHC and FISH results showed 100%, 36.36%, and 85.71% concordance rates for cases with IHC scores of 3+, 2+, and 0/+1, respectively. The overall concordance between the two methods was 80%. Based on statistical analysis, HER2 status showed a considerable correlation with tumor grade (P= 0.02). No correlation was observed between HER2 gene status and the size and type of tumor, characteristics of lymph node, and patients’ age. Conclusion: The data suggested that IHC results are reliable for HER2 status testing in cases with IHC scores 0/+1 and 3+. However, in patients with an IHC score of +2, it is necessary to perform a complimentary test to evaluate HER2 status to avoid haphazard treatment with trastuzumab in negative cases and identifying positive cases for suitable treatment.","PeriodicalId":30778,"journal":{"name":"Research in Molecular Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"139-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46177337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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