N. Levchenko, G. Shyshkanova, G. Abuselidze, Yu. M. Zelenin, V. Prykhodko, M. Kovalskyi
Abstract The article states that in the conditions of climate crisis aggravation the decarbonisation of the economy acquires the status of a global initiative aimed at achieving zero CO2 emissions by 2050. It is emphasised that this initiative is closely accompanied by legislation, business modernisation programmes and the creation of equal conditions for both domestic producers and exporters of carbon-intensive products (in particular, through the introduction of the carbon border adjustment mechanism - CBAM) and new rules of the world market. The consequences of CBAM implementation into Ukrainian metallurgical enterprises and the development of their foreign economic activity are determined in the example of Metinvest Group (Ukraine) enterprises. The ambivalence of CBAM is proven. It is substantiated that CBAM implementation will not accelerate, but, on the contrary, will slow down the process of decarbonisation, which will eventually lead to the loss of domestic metallurgical enterprises’ competitive position in the European market of metal products. Regarding the need to take transitional measures to decarbonise the metallurgical business (first of all, to ensure proper investment), the decision should be based on the expected decoupling effect - positive dynamics of economic growth while reducing the negative impact on the environment. The estimating method of the decoupling effect has been modified according to the integrated approach. A trend analysis of the integrated decalin effect indicator and its components was performed in Metinvest Group companies (Ukraine). Based on the results of econometric analysis of the impact of investment on greenhouse gas emissions, the author’s model for determining the volume of investment in the process of decarbonisation of metallurgical enterprises for the period up to 2050 is proposed. Comparative analysis is performed regarding investment in the process of decarbonisation under the scenarios by GMK Center, IEA, McKinsey and Roland Berger, as well as the author’s model.
{"title":"Global Trends of Decarbonisation as a Determining Factor for the Development of External Economic Activity of Metallurgical Enterprises","authors":"N. Levchenko, G. Shyshkanova, G. Abuselidze, Yu. M. Zelenin, V. Prykhodko, M. Kovalskyi","doi":"10.2478/plua-2022-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/plua-2022-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article states that in the conditions of climate crisis aggravation the decarbonisation of the economy acquires the status of a global initiative aimed at achieving zero CO2 emissions by 2050. It is emphasised that this initiative is closely accompanied by legislation, business modernisation programmes and the creation of equal conditions for both domestic producers and exporters of carbon-intensive products (in particular, through the introduction of the carbon border adjustment mechanism - CBAM) and new rules of the world market. The consequences of CBAM implementation into Ukrainian metallurgical enterprises and the development of their foreign economic activity are determined in the example of Metinvest Group (Ukraine) enterprises. The ambivalence of CBAM is proven. It is substantiated that CBAM implementation will not accelerate, but, on the contrary, will slow down the process of decarbonisation, which will eventually lead to the loss of domestic metallurgical enterprises’ competitive position in the European market of metal products. Regarding the need to take transitional measures to decarbonise the metallurgical business (first of all, to ensure proper investment), the decision should be based on the expected decoupling effect - positive dynamics of economic growth while reducing the negative impact on the environment. The estimating method of the decoupling effect has been modified according to the integrated approach. A trend analysis of the integrated decalin effect indicator and its components was performed in Metinvest Group companies (Ukraine). Based on the results of econometric analysis of the impact of investment on greenhouse gas emissions, the author’s model for determining the volume of investment in the process of decarbonisation of metallurgical enterprises for the period up to 2050 is proposed. Comparative analysis is performed regarding investment in the process of decarbonisation under the scenarios by GMK Center, IEA, McKinsey and Roland Berger, as well as the author’s model.","PeriodicalId":30922,"journal":{"name":"Rural Sustainability Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"61 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45997499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
І. Bobos, I. Fedosiy, O. Zavadska, O. Komar, O. Tonkha, M. Furdyha, A. Rucins
Abstract The article presents the results of studies of two samples of fenugreek: blue (Trigonella coerulea (Desr.) Ser.) and hay (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) on the set of economic, biological and biochemical parameters. The researched samples of fenugreek have a wide range of variability of indicators depending on the terms of sowing and weather conditions. More rapid development was shown by fenugreek species on the summer sowing dates (III decade of June) with a vegetation period of 36–37 days. To obtain a high yield of green mass of fenugreek plants, the early spring (II–III decade of April) and late spring (I decade of May) sowing terms were more suitable. The obtained green mass yield was: 5.7–6.9 t∙ha–1 – blue fenugreek, and 7.3–9.3 t∙ha–1 – hay fenugreek, with the content of the dry matter being 12.4–28.4%, the sum of sugars 2.5–5.0% and vitamin C – 38.0–51.8 mg∙(100 g)−1. To obtain spices called “mushroom grass”, it is promising to use hay fenugreek with early spring (II–III decade of April) and late spring (I decade of May) terms of sowing, as a more developed vegetative mass is formed with the dry weight yield of plants 1.3–1.4 t∙ha–1. An increase in the amount of precipitation by 1 mm resulted in fluctuations of green mass yield from 15.0 to 77.3 kg∙ha–1 and dry mass yield from 0.693 to 25.9 kg∙ha–1.
{"title":"Impact of Sowing Dates on the Variability of Different Traits of Fenugreek","authors":"І. Bobos, I. Fedosiy, O. Zavadska, O. Komar, O. Tonkha, M. Furdyha, A. Rucins","doi":"10.2478/plua-2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/plua-2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article presents the results of studies of two samples of fenugreek: blue (Trigonella coerulea (Desr.) Ser.) and hay (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) on the set of economic, biological and biochemical parameters. The researched samples of fenugreek have a wide range of variability of indicators depending on the terms of sowing and weather conditions. More rapid development was shown by fenugreek species on the summer sowing dates (III decade of June) with a vegetation period of 36–37 days. To obtain a high yield of green mass of fenugreek plants, the early spring (II–III decade of April) and late spring (I decade of May) sowing terms were more suitable. The obtained green mass yield was: 5.7–6.9 t∙ha–1 – blue fenugreek, and 7.3–9.3 t∙ha–1 – hay fenugreek, with the content of the dry matter being 12.4–28.4%, the sum of sugars 2.5–5.0% and vitamin C – 38.0–51.8 mg∙(100 g)−1. To obtain spices called “mushroom grass”, it is promising to use hay fenugreek with early spring (II–III decade of April) and late spring (I decade of May) terms of sowing, as a more developed vegetative mass is formed with the dry weight yield of plants 1.3–1.4 t∙ha–1. An increase in the amount of precipitation by 1 mm resulted in fluctuations of green mass yield from 15.0 to 77.3 kg∙ha–1 and dry mass yield from 0.693 to 25.9 kg∙ha–1.","PeriodicalId":30922,"journal":{"name":"Rural Sustainability Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"37 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42308586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper describes the research support model for improving the effectiveness of the medical research data collection process and data quality. Every research project involves a data collection phase, during which different organisation, legal and technology factors are involved, including various procedures (questionnaire design, annotation, database design, data entry, data validation, discrepancy management, medical coding and data mining). The key task of clinical data management is to obtain high-quality data, which can be achieved by minimising data input errors and timely identifying missing data. This process is often time-consuming and takes up a significant part of the research project budget in both veterinary and human medicine. The aim of this study is to elaborate the research support model for the creation of a data collection automation software tool, which will allow one to ensure better data quality, shorten the time for data collection and minimise human work volume and respective human resource expenses, making research projects more effective in terms of their timing and budget. Research work included analysis of the current situation, its shortcomings, typical research project budget distribution and existing automated electronic data collection tools (EDC). Research was carried out in partnership with the Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine of the University of Latvia.
{"title":"Research Support Model for Improving the Effectiveness of Medical Study Data Collection","authors":"S. Bāliņa, Edgars Salna, I. Kojalo, Elīza Avotiņa","doi":"10.2478/plua-2022-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/plua-2022-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper describes the research support model for improving the effectiveness of the medical research data collection process and data quality. Every research project involves a data collection phase, during which different organisation, legal and technology factors are involved, including various procedures (questionnaire design, annotation, database design, data entry, data validation, discrepancy management, medical coding and data mining). The key task of clinical data management is to obtain high-quality data, which can be achieved by minimising data input errors and timely identifying missing data. This process is often time-consuming and takes up a significant part of the research project budget in both veterinary and human medicine. The aim of this study is to elaborate the research support model for the creation of a data collection automation software tool, which will allow one to ensure better data quality, shorten the time for data collection and minimise human work volume and respective human resource expenses, making research projects more effective in terms of their timing and budget. Research work included analysis of the current situation, its shortcomings, typical research project budget distribution and existing automated electronic data collection tools (EDC). Research was carried out in partnership with the Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine of the University of Latvia.","PeriodicalId":30922,"journal":{"name":"Rural Sustainability Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"76 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45310251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In order to address existing and foreseen climate change and environmental challenges, the European Commission has adopted a set of proposals as part of the European Green Deal to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and become the first climate-neutral continent in the world. In the energy sector it is planned to implement specific actions to increase the contribution from renewable sources of energy. Livestock manure as a renewable resource can be processed to produce biogas through anaerobic digestion processes. This study aimed to estimate the amount of livestock manure potentially available for biogas production in Latvia based on statistical information on the number of animals representing current and past trends, and forecasts for the future provided by the results of the Latvian Agricultural Sector Analysis Model (LASAM). The results of this study showed that the share of livestock manure processed to produce biogas has increased considerably during the time period from 2010 to 2019 in all groups of livestock considered for this application in Latvia. However, there are still opportunities to increase the share of manure utilised for anaerobic digestion, especially in the livestock groups of dairy cows and non-dairy cows, as only 16% and 13% of the available amount of manure was processed in 2019, respectively. The LASAM results indicate that the number of animals will experience negligible changes or will decrease; therefore, more attention will need to be paid to increase the efficiency of processing the existing amount of manure rather than relying on an additional amount of manure available for biogas production.
{"title":"Present and Future Availability of Livestock Manure for Biogas Production in Latvia","authors":"A. Lagzdins","doi":"10.2478/plua-2022-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/plua-2022-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In order to address existing and foreseen climate change and environmental challenges, the European Commission has adopted a set of proposals as part of the European Green Deal to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and become the first climate-neutral continent in the world. In the energy sector it is planned to implement specific actions to increase the contribution from renewable sources of energy. Livestock manure as a renewable resource can be processed to produce biogas through anaerobic digestion processes. This study aimed to estimate the amount of livestock manure potentially available for biogas production in Latvia based on statistical information on the number of animals representing current and past trends, and forecasts for the future provided by the results of the Latvian Agricultural Sector Analysis Model (LASAM). The results of this study showed that the share of livestock manure processed to produce biogas has increased considerably during the time period from 2010 to 2019 in all groups of livestock considered for this application in Latvia. However, there are still opportunities to increase the share of manure utilised for anaerobic digestion, especially in the livestock groups of dairy cows and non-dairy cows, as only 16% and 13% of the available amount of manure was processed in 2019, respectively. The LASAM results indicate that the number of animals will experience negligible changes or will decrease; therefore, more attention will need to be paid to increase the efficiency of processing the existing amount of manure rather than relying on an additional amount of manure available for biogas production.","PeriodicalId":30922,"journal":{"name":"Rural Sustainability Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46162563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Since plant protein is generally accepted as sustainable and environmentally friendly, production of new plant protein-based products is expanding and a raw material is diversified to ensure a high-value and complete meal. The objective of the study was to compare chemical composition and amino acid provision of pea-buckwheat, pea-barley and pea-oat extruded mixtures with the aim to look for new products to diversify diet using the best plant protein resources. Within the research, amino acid scores of hull-less barley, buckwheat, hull-less oat and grey pea as an indicator of raw material protein quality were evaluated. The highest scores of essential amino acids were found in oat and pea protein. Amino acid scoring patterns of raw material – oat ‘Stendes Emilija’ and grey pea ‘Bruno’ fully meet the requirements for essential amino acid supply. The protein of buckwheat is the richest in lysine (4.3 g 100g−1 protein) among studied cereals, although the difference in the essential amino acids was not significant. The results of the research showed that pea-barley and pea-buckwheat composite mixtures meet human needs better if pea protein is used in the proportion 65:35 with barley or buckwheat flour than in the proportion 35:65. The high protein content – 43.33% and 43.96%, the sum and composition of essential amino acids, and high level of total dietary fibre – 11.9% and 13.7% are the main reasons to consider the mixtures (including as a base for smoothies) as a complete meal.
由于植物蛋白被普遍认为是可持续的和环保的，新的植物蛋白产品的生产正在扩大，原料的多样化，以确保高价值和完整的膳食。本研究的目的是比较豌豆-荞麦、豌豆-大麦和豌豆-燕麦挤压混合物的化学成分和氨基酸供应，旨在寻找利用最佳植物蛋白资源实现日粮多样化的新产品。本研究以无壳大麦、荞麦、无壳燕麦和灰豌豆的氨基酸得分作为原料蛋白质品质的指标进行评价。燕麦和豌豆蛋白质中必需氨基酸的含量最高。原料燕麦“Stendes Emilija”和灰豌豆“Bruno”的氨基酸评分模式完全满足必需氨基酸供应要求。在所研究的谷物中，荞麦蛋白质中赖氨酸含量最高(4.3 g 100g - 1)，但必需氨基酸含量差异不显著。研究结果表明，豌豆蛋白与大麦或荞麦粉以65:35的比例使用比以35:65的比例使用更能满足人类的需求。高蛋白含量(43.33%和43.96%)，必需氨基酸的总和和组成，以及高水平的总膳食纤维(11.9%和13.7%)是考虑将混合物(包括作为冰沙的基础)作为完整膳食的主要原因。
{"title":"Research of a Dry Extruded Mixture of Protein Rich Plant Composition","authors":"V. Šterna, Enno Ence, E. Štrausa","doi":"10.2478/plua-2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/plua-2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since plant protein is generally accepted as sustainable and environmentally friendly, production of new plant protein-based products is expanding and a raw material is diversified to ensure a high-value and complete meal. The objective of the study was to compare chemical composition and amino acid provision of pea-buckwheat, pea-barley and pea-oat extruded mixtures with the aim to look for new products to diversify diet using the best plant protein resources. Within the research, amino acid scores of hull-less barley, buckwheat, hull-less oat and grey pea as an indicator of raw material protein quality were evaluated. The highest scores of essential amino acids were found in oat and pea protein. Amino acid scoring patterns of raw material – oat ‘Stendes Emilija’ and grey pea ‘Bruno’ fully meet the requirements for essential amino acid supply. The protein of buckwheat is the richest in lysine (4.3 g 100g−1 protein) among studied cereals, although the difference in the essential amino acids was not significant. The results of the research showed that pea-barley and pea-buckwheat composite mixtures meet human needs better if pea protein is used in the proportion 65:35 with barley or buckwheat flour than in the proportion 35:65. The high protein content – 43.33% and 43.96%, the sum and composition of essential amino acids, and high level of total dietary fibre – 11.9% and 13.7% are the main reasons to consider the mixtures (including as a base for smoothies) as a complete meal.","PeriodicalId":30922,"journal":{"name":"Rural Sustainability Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"16 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44560086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract As the use cases for rural unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) missions are evolving, the next step is to make on-site UAV missions controlled over long distances. The control is called Beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) and there is a great need for use cases to become autonomous or self-sustaining over long distances. Designing airspace to include autonomous and BVLOS UAV involves proposals for traffic that do not exist to date, different actors, and a multitude of risks; system design must answer a wide range of questions before its release. Luckily, most of the technical questions are already solved, most of the safety regulations are there in place in general aviation, and the industry is waiting for a new type of transportation. In this paper, the authors propose action for policymakers on how to approach the challenge of developing UAV Traffic Management (UTM) systems that can be applied to any geographic location and identify missing links in decision-making to enable development.
{"title":"The Missing Link of UTM","authors":"R. Rumba, A. Ņikitenko","doi":"10.2478/plua-2022-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/plua-2022-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As the use cases for rural unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) missions are evolving, the next step is to make on-site UAV missions controlled over long distances. The control is called Beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) and there is a great need for use cases to become autonomous or self-sustaining over long distances. Designing airspace to include autonomous and BVLOS UAV involves proposals for traffic that do not exist to date, different actors, and a multitude of risks; system design must answer a wide range of questions before its release. Luckily, most of the technical questions are already solved, most of the safety regulations are there in place in general aviation, and the industry is waiting for a new type of transportation. In this paper, the authors propose action for policymakers on how to approach the challenge of developing UAV Traffic Management (UTM) systems that can be applied to any geographic location and identify missing links in decision-making to enable development.","PeriodicalId":30922,"journal":{"name":"Rural Sustainability Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"87 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44467817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ernesto Concilco-Alberto, L. M. Valenzuela-Núñez, Anselmo González-Torres, C. G. la Peña, Edwin Amir Briceño-Contreras, J. Rivera, J. L. Reyes-Carrillo, Mario García-Carrillo
Abstract The aim of the current study was to determine the monthly total soluble sugar concentration in the stem and root of the Wichita and Western walnut (Carya illinoinensis) varieties during a productive cycle in northern Mexico. Vegetable samples were obtained using a systematic sampling method, and processed by means of a spectrophotometric assay to determine the total soluble sugars (TSS) concentration in productive walnut trees. Data analysis was performed by means of a 2-way ANOVA. The results of the TSS concentration had differences throughout the months of an annual productive cycle, and were also different between the evaluated walnut varieties. The highest total soluble sugar concentration in stem and root were in the lowest temperature months, and it decreases in both tissues when the environmental temperature rises. The Wichita variety had a higher total soluble sugar concentration than the Western in every month during the productive cycle. Further research is required to assess the effect of other type of factors including environmental or agronomic over the dynamics of the total soluble sugars in productive walnut trees.
{"title":"Total Soluble Sugars in Root and Stem of Wichita and Western Carya Illinoinensis Varieties in Northern Mexico","authors":"Ernesto Concilco-Alberto, L. M. Valenzuela-Núñez, Anselmo González-Torres, C. G. la Peña, Edwin Amir Briceño-Contreras, J. Rivera, J. L. Reyes-Carrillo, Mario García-Carrillo","doi":"10.2478/plua-2022-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/plua-2022-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the current study was to determine the monthly total soluble sugar concentration in the stem and root of the Wichita and Western walnut (Carya illinoinensis) varieties during a productive cycle in northern Mexico. Vegetable samples were obtained using a systematic sampling method, and processed by means of a spectrophotometric assay to determine the total soluble sugars (TSS) concentration in productive walnut trees. Data analysis was performed by means of a 2-way ANOVA. The results of the TSS concentration had differences throughout the months of an annual productive cycle, and were also different between the evaluated walnut varieties. The highest total soluble sugar concentration in stem and root were in the lowest temperature months, and it decreases in both tissues when the environmental temperature rises. The Wichita variety had a higher total soluble sugar concentration than the Western in every month during the productive cycle. Further research is required to assess the effect of other type of factors including environmental or agronomic over the dynamics of the total soluble sugars in productive walnut trees.","PeriodicalId":30922,"journal":{"name":"Rural Sustainability Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"8 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47228987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented stress to food supply chains, pointing to weaknesses in the labour, processing, transport and logistics spheres, as well as significant changes in demand. Food supply chains have shown considerable resilience in the face of such stress. Monitoring of the food sector during the COVID-19 pandemic indicates that the effects of COVID-19 on food supply, demand and access are interlinked processes and have a complex impact on food systems. In addition, high-value food supply chains in developed countries are even more complex, so countries need to respond quickly to restore them and also develop mechanisms that balance business and public interests and protect farmers and food business workers during future potential pandemic crises. The research aims to identify the main demand and supply side factors that affect the resilience of local and global food supply chains during the COVID-19 crisis, as well as assess the resilience of the supply chain for arable crops during the COVID-19 crisis in Latvia, identifying the main risk factors. The research found that arable crop farmers were relatively less affected by the COVID-19 crisis than other agricultural employees. The impact of the crisis was larger on the crop processing industry than on the other industries, and the main risk factors related to changes in demand and the industry’s dependence on imported raw materials and the successful operation of export markets. Based on an in-depth risk analysis, the research developed recommendations for policy makers and actors in the agri-food chain that would improve the resilience of local (domestic) participants of the arable crop food supply chain in Latvia.
{"title":"Impacts of COVID-19 on the Food Supply Chain for Arable Crops in Latvia","authors":"I. Upīte, Dina Bite, I. Pilvere, Aleksejs Nipers","doi":"10.2478/plua-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/plua-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented stress to food supply chains, pointing to weaknesses in the labour, processing, transport and logistics spheres, as well as significant changes in demand. Food supply chains have shown considerable resilience in the face of such stress. Monitoring of the food sector during the COVID-19 pandemic indicates that the effects of COVID-19 on food supply, demand and access are interlinked processes and have a complex impact on food systems. In addition, high-value food supply chains in developed countries are even more complex, so countries need to respond quickly to restore them and also develop mechanisms that balance business and public interests and protect farmers and food business workers during future potential pandemic crises. The research aims to identify the main demand and supply side factors that affect the resilience of local and global food supply chains during the COVID-19 crisis, as well as assess the resilience of the supply chain for arable crops during the COVID-19 crisis in Latvia, identifying the main risk factors. The research found that arable crop farmers were relatively less affected by the COVID-19 crisis than other agricultural employees. The impact of the crisis was larger on the crop processing industry than on the other industries, and the main risk factors related to changes in demand and the industry’s dependence on imported raw materials and the successful operation of export markets. Based on an in-depth risk analysis, the research developed recommendations for policy makers and actors in the agri-food chain that would improve the resilience of local (domestic) participants of the arable crop food supply chain in Latvia.","PeriodicalId":30922,"journal":{"name":"Rural Sustainability Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"47 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47210018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Klava, E. Straumite, Liene Jansone, Andris Sedmalis
Abstract Muffin is a flour confectionery product with an elastic texture. Nowadays, vegetable products are replacing traditional dairy products more often in the food sector. Tofu, which is a quintessential soy protein product, is one of the alternatives for making vegan products. The aim of this research was to determine the influence of defrosting processes to changes of sensory and textural properties of a muffins with cottage cheese and its vegan substitutes. Five types of muffins were used in the study – muffin without cottage cheese (control), muffin with cottage cheese, muffin with lactose-free cottage cheese, tofu muffin and tofu chickpea muffin, which were thawed after freezing in two ways (at room temperature and in a microwave oven). For the determination of muffin quality, the Quantitative descriptive method (QDA) was used, and for overall liking, the 7-point hedonic scale and acceptance – Just-about-Right (JAR) method were used. To evaluate physical-chemical and textural analysis, standard methods were used. The method of defrosting muffins – room (ambient) temperature or microwave – has no significant effect (p>0.05) on the quality and JAR rating of the muffins with cottage cheese and tofu. The obtained results showed that the addition of plant-based protein sources significantly reduces the volume of muffins; the texture of the muffins becomes softer, but more sticky. In the process of defrosting using a microwave, the structure of the muffins is drier, softer, whitish, and less sticky, compared to a muffin thawed at 22 °C.
{"title":"Sensory and Textural Properties of Frozen Muffins Prepared with Cottage Cheese and Tofu","authors":"D. Klava, E. Straumite, Liene Jansone, Andris Sedmalis","doi":"10.2478/plua-2022-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/plua-2022-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Muffin is a flour confectionery product with an elastic texture. Nowadays, vegetable products are replacing traditional dairy products more often in the food sector. Tofu, which is a quintessential soy protein product, is one of the alternatives for making vegan products. The aim of this research was to determine the influence of defrosting processes to changes of sensory and textural properties of a muffins with cottage cheese and its vegan substitutes. Five types of muffins were used in the study – muffin without cottage cheese (control), muffin with cottage cheese, muffin with lactose-free cottage cheese, tofu muffin and tofu chickpea muffin, which were thawed after freezing in two ways (at room temperature and in a microwave oven). For the determination of muffin quality, the Quantitative descriptive method (QDA) was used, and for overall liking, the 7-point hedonic scale and acceptance – Just-about-Right (JAR) method were used. To evaluate physical-chemical and textural analysis, standard methods were used. The method of defrosting muffins – room (ambient) temperature or microwave – has no significant effect (p>0.05) on the quality and JAR rating of the muffins with cottage cheese and tofu. The obtained results showed that the addition of plant-based protein sources significantly reduces the volume of muffins; the texture of the muffins becomes softer, but more sticky. In the process of defrosting using a microwave, the structure of the muffins is drier, softer, whitish, and less sticky, compared to a muffin thawed at 22 °C.","PeriodicalId":30922,"journal":{"name":"Rural Sustainability Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"23 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46343152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01Epub Date: 2022-04-14DOI: 10.1007/s11626-022-00660-3
Yan Liao, Lei Liu, Jiayao Yang, Zhaohong Shi
Previous studies implicated ATX/LPA axis as a potential driver of tumorigenesis and progression in pancreatic cancer. This study aimed to determine the existence of the autocrine pathway of ATX/LPA action in pancreatic cancer cells, and to elucidate its influence on focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation, cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. Firstly, we identified the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) concentrations in cultured cell supernatant by ELISA and observed the effect of the autotaxin (ATX)-specific inhibitor S32826 on LPA concentrations. We found the existence of a certain concentration of LPA in cellular supernatant, which was significantly decreased by S32826 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. A maximum response was observed at 50 μM for 72 h. Secondly, the effect of S32826 on the protein expression and intracellular sublocalization of total FAK and phosphorylated FAK (pY397 FAK) was determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. It was found that the expression of total FAK and pY397 FAK and their distribution along the cell membrane where adhesion structures are located were significantly decreased by S32826. Finally, we observed the influence of S32826 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometric analysis, and transwell migration assay. Results showed that cell viability and migration were significantly declined, and the proportions of apoptotic cells were significantly increased by S32826. This study verified the existence of autocrine regulation of LPA secretion via producing ATX by pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and the important role of LPA/ATX axis on FAK activation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and motility.
{"title":"ATX/LPA axis regulates FAK activation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and motility in human pancreatic cancer cells.","authors":"Yan Liao, Lei Liu, Jiayao Yang, Zhaohong Shi","doi":"10.1007/s11626-022-00660-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11626-022-00660-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies implicated ATX/LPA axis as a potential driver of tumorigenesis and progression in pancreatic cancer. This study aimed to determine the existence of the autocrine pathway of ATX/LPA action in pancreatic cancer cells, and to elucidate its influence on focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation, cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. Firstly, we identified the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) concentrations in cultured cell supernatant by ELISA and observed the effect of the autotaxin (ATX)-specific inhibitor S32826 on LPA concentrations. We found the existence of a certain concentration of LPA in cellular supernatant, which was significantly decreased by S32826 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. A maximum response was observed at 50 μM for 72 h. Secondly, the effect of S32826 on the protein expression and intracellular sublocalization of total FAK and phosphorylated FAK (pY397 FAK) was determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. It was found that the expression of total FAK and pY397 FAK and their distribution along the cell membrane where adhesion structures are located were significantly decreased by S32826. Finally, we observed the influence of S32826 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometric analysis, and transwell migration assay. Results showed that cell viability and migration were significantly declined, and the proportions of apoptotic cells were significantly increased by S32826. This study verified the existence of autocrine regulation of LPA secretion via producing ATX by pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and the important role of LPA/ATX axis on FAK activation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and motility.</p>","PeriodicalId":30922,"journal":{"name":"Rural Sustainability Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"307-315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85035461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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