Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21685/2500-0578-2023-2-5
S.N. Sorokin, O. Vaishlya, I. S. Nedbaev
{"title":"CREATION OF URBAN BIOGEOCENOSES ON DISTURBED LANDS: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS","authors":"S.N. Sorokin, O. Vaishlya, I. S. Nedbaev","doi":"10.21685/2500-0578-2023-2-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21685/2500-0578-2023-2-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":309848,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology","volume":"218 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122122382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21685/2500-0578-2020-1-3
O. Evstigneev, O. V. Solonina, B. Les
The European badger takes part in creating intracenotic and intercenotic flows of plant diaspores. This is evidenced by the fact that its diet includes plant species belonging to different communities, i.e. forest, meadow, marsh and water communities. Badgers move plant diaspores in three different ways: endozoochory, epizoochory, and synzoochory. Therefore seeds of the maximum number of plant species with various adaptations for zoochory are involved in diaspore flows. It has been proved that badgers can move large amount of diaspores over a distance of one kilometer, and in smaller amounts – up to two or three kilometers. Because of the badgers' foraging and construction activities, the species diversity of vascular plants in their settlements has increased by one and half times. Thanks to badgers, the plant species composition of the community becomes mixed. Plant species of the meadow, black alder, boreal and piny ecological-coenotic groups co-dominate in the ground cover of nemoral forests. Badgers searching for food disturb the soil cover and create a mosaic of the ground vegetation cover throughout the family's habitat which amounts to several hundred hectares. This heterogeneity includes three types of microcommunities: 1) with a predominance of vegetatively immobile annual and biennial plants of the ruderal group (Alliaria petiolata, Geranium robertianum, Lactuca serriola, Moehringia trinervia, Polygonum convolvulus, etc.); 2) with a predominance of vegetatively mobile perennials of the ruderal group (Galium odoratum, Glechoma hederacea and Stellaria holostea), and with a significant participation of phytocenotically tolerant plants (Asarum europaeum, Polygonatum multiflorum, Pulmonaria obscura, Viola mirabilis, etc.); 3) with a predominance of the vegetatively mobile perennials of the competition group (Aegopodium podagraria, Carex pilosa, and Convallaria majalis). This sequence of microcommunities is a microsucession. Competitive species are the driving force of group development as they gradually crowd out ruderal and tolerant plant species. Competitive species can become a dominant in the ground vegetation cover for a long time. However, the badgers' use of the community territory according to the "shift" system occasionally interrupts these unidirectional microsuccesions. The disturbances created by badgers and cyclical microsuccesions maintain the multispecies composition in the herbaceous cover of forest communities. These facts indicate that earlier the badger was an edificator (key species) in the ground vegetation of undisturbed biocenotic cover. Recently, however, due to overhunting and relentless poachers' attacks, the badger has become a rare endangered species. This animal is not an active environment-transforming part of the community anymore and it as good as stopped active moving of plant diaspores, which is needed for coenotic restoration.
{"title":"PHYTOCOENOTIC PORTRAIT OF THE EUROPEAN BADGER","authors":"O. Evstigneev, O. V. Solonina, B. Les","doi":"10.21685/2500-0578-2020-1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21685/2500-0578-2020-1-3","url":null,"abstract":"The European badger takes part in creating intracenotic and intercenotic flows of plant diaspores. This is evidenced by the fact that its diet includes plant species belonging to different communities, i.e. forest, meadow, marsh and water communities. Badgers move plant diaspores in three different ways: endozoochory, epizoochory, and synzoochory. Therefore seeds of the maximum number of plant species with various adaptations for zoochory are involved in diaspore flows. It has been proved that badgers can move large amount of diaspores over a distance of one kilometer, and in smaller amounts – up to two or three kilometers. Because of the badgers' foraging and construction activities, the species diversity of vascular plants in their settlements has increased by one and half times. Thanks to badgers, the plant species composition of the community becomes mixed. Plant species of the meadow, black alder, boreal and piny ecological-coenotic groups co-dominate in the ground cover of nemoral forests. Badgers searching for food disturb the soil cover and create a mosaic of the ground vegetation cover throughout the family's habitat which amounts to several hundred hectares. This heterogeneity includes three types of microcommunities: 1) with a predominance of vegetatively immobile annual and biennial plants of the ruderal group (Alliaria petiolata, Geranium robertianum, Lactuca serriola, Moehringia trinervia, Polygonum convolvulus, etc.); 2) with a predominance of vegetatively mobile perennials of the ruderal group (Galium odoratum, Glechoma hederacea and Stellaria holostea), and with a significant participation of phytocenotically tolerant plants (Asarum europaeum, Polygonatum multiflorum, Pulmonaria obscura, Viola mirabilis, etc.); 3) with a predominance of the vegetatively mobile perennials of the competition group (Aegopodium podagraria, Carex pilosa, and Convallaria majalis). This sequence of microcommunities is a microsucession. Competitive species are the driving force of group development as they gradually crowd out ruderal and tolerant plant species. Competitive species can become a dominant in the ground vegetation cover for a long time. However, the badgers' use of the community territory according to the \"shift\" system occasionally interrupts these unidirectional microsuccesions. The disturbances created by badgers and cyclical microsuccesions maintain the multispecies composition in the herbaceous cover of forest communities. These facts indicate that earlier the badger was an edificator (key species) in the ground vegetation of undisturbed biocenotic cover. Recently, however, due to overhunting and relentless poachers' attacks, the badger has become a rare endangered species. This animal is not an active environment-transforming part of the community anymore and it as good as stopped active moving of plant diaspores, which is needed for coenotic restoration.","PeriodicalId":309848,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127074960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21685/2500-0578-2023-1-5
N. Kin
{"title":"FORMATION OF THE CENOTIC STRUCTURE OF THE FLORA OF PINE FORESTS OF THE RUSSIAN PLAIN DEPENDING ON THE ZONAL AFFILIATION OF SPECIES","authors":"N. Kin","doi":"10.21685/2500-0578-2023-1-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21685/2500-0578-2023-1-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":309848,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology","volume":"207 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125736168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21685/2500-0578-2019-1-5
O. Chernyshova, A. Kuzmin, M. Simakov, S. Titov
Relevance and goals. The study of population polymorphism is an important task of modern biology both from the perspective of theoretical ideas about the variability of biological items and biological diversity, and from the practical side of studying the laws of species existence within the historical area. Russet ground squirrel (Spermophilus major Pall.) is a proper model species for exploring individual and population variability due to changes in the structure of the range. The study was aimed at examining the individual and population variability of the morphological indicators of russet ground squirrel in the Volga Region and in adjacent territories, taking into account the fragmentation of their range. Materials and methods. The material for the study comprises the collections and data on the lifetime certification of individuals (n = 412) obtained in the course of research (2011–2018) of 55 populations of russet ground squirrel in the Volga Region and adjacent territories. The study of features of the body external morphology covered body length (L), metatarsus (PL) and tail (C) (in mm). Statistical processing of the results was based on standard statistical parameters, as well as cycle-by-cycle discriminant and cluster analyses. Statistical data processing was conducted in Microsoft Office Excel 2010 and STATISTICA 10.0. Results. The morphological analysis of populations and metapopulations of russet ground squirrel using the methods of descriptive statistics and variance analysis prevents reliable recognition of the existence of the fragmented structure of the range for this species in the study region. The cycle-by-cycle discriminant analysis of morphological indicators samples characterizing populations of russet ground squirrel in the study region revealed their good differentiation in the space of discriminant functions and enabled determining some features of the morphological variability of russet ground squirrel in the study region. Due to the wide range of variability compared with the Volga populations, the Ural populations of russet ground squirrel occupy an extreme position in a series of morphological changes. At that, right-bank populations are characterized by a more balanced composition and absence of sharp changes in morphological indicators. Findings. The statistical analysis of samples of russet ground squirrel morphological indicators revealed a heterogeneous population polymorphism associated with a strong fragmentation of the habitat, and confirmed the existence of the metapopulation structure of its range.
相关性和目标。种群多态性的研究是现代生物学的一项重要任务，无论是从生物物项变异性和生物多样性的理论观点，还是从研究历史区域内物种存在规律的实践方面。褐地松鼠(spermoophilus major Pall.)是研究其分布范围结构变化的个体和种群变异的合适模式种。考虑到赤褐色地松鼠活动范围的碎片化，本研究旨在研究伏尔加河地区和邻近地区赤褐色地松鼠形态指标的个体和种群变异。材料和方法。本研究的材料包括在伏尔加河地区及邻近地区的55个褐地松鼠种群的研究过程中(2011-2018年)获得的个体(n = 412)寿命认证的收集和数据。体表形态特征的研究包括体长(L)、跖骨(PL)和尾巴(C)(单位:mm)。结果的统计处理基于标准统计参数，以及逐周期的判别和聚类分析。统计数据处理软件为Microsoft Office Excel 2010和STATISTICA 10.0。结果。用描述性统计和方差分析的方法对褐地松鼠种群和元种群进行形态学分析，不能可靠地识别研究区褐地松鼠种群范围存在碎片化结构。通过对研究区褐地鼠种群形态指标样本的逐周期判别分析，发现其在判别函数空间上具有良好的分异性，从而确定了研究区褐地鼠形态变异的一些特征。乌拉尔赤褐色地鼠种群与伏尔加河种群相比具有较大的变异范围，在一系列形态变化中处于极端地位。在那里，右岸种群的特点是组成更加平衡，形态指标没有急剧变化。发现。对褐地鼠形态指标样本的统计分析表明，褐地鼠种群存在异质性多态性，且栖息地破碎化程度较强，证实了其分布范围存在超种群结构。
{"title":"POPULATION POLYMORPHISM OF RUSSET GROUND SQUIRREL (SPERMOPHILUS MAJOR) IN THE VOLGA REGION: DATA OF MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS","authors":"O. Chernyshova, A. Kuzmin, M. Simakov, S. Titov","doi":"10.21685/2500-0578-2019-1-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21685/2500-0578-2019-1-5","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance and goals. The study of population polymorphism is an important task of modern biology both from the perspective of theoretical ideas about the variability of biological items and biological diversity, and from the practical side of studying the laws of species existence within the historical area. Russet ground squirrel (Spermophilus major Pall.) is a proper model species for exploring individual and population variability due to changes in the structure of the range. The study was aimed at examining the individual and population variability of the morphological indicators of russet ground squirrel in the Volga Region and in adjacent territories, taking into account the fragmentation of their range. Materials and methods. The material for the study comprises the collections and data on the lifetime certification of individuals (n = 412) obtained in the course of research (2011–2018) of 55 populations of russet ground squirrel in the Volga Region and adjacent territories. The study of features of the body external morphology covered body length (L), metatarsus (PL) and tail (C) (in mm). Statistical processing of the results was based on standard statistical parameters, as well as cycle-by-cycle discriminant and cluster analyses. Statistical data processing was conducted in Microsoft Office Excel 2010 and STATISTICA 10.0. Results. The morphological analysis of populations and metapopulations of russet ground squirrel using the methods of descriptive statistics and variance analysis prevents reliable recognition of the existence of the fragmented structure of the range for this species in the study region. The cycle-by-cycle discriminant analysis of morphological indicators samples characterizing populations of russet ground squirrel in the study region revealed their good differentiation in the space of discriminant functions and enabled determining some features of the morphological variability of russet ground squirrel in the study region. Due to the wide range of variability compared with the Volga populations, the Ural populations of russet ground squirrel occupy an extreme position in a series of morphological changes. At that, right-bank populations are characterized by a more balanced composition and absence of sharp changes in morphological indicators. Findings. The statistical analysis of samples of russet ground squirrel morphological indicators revealed a heterogeneous population polymorphism associated with a strong fragmentation of the habitat, and confirmed the existence of the metapopulation structure of its range.","PeriodicalId":309848,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology","volume":"356 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126688852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21685/2500-0578-2022-1-4
R. Tewelde, D. Araya
. Wetlands provide organisms with a diverse range of breeding sites and food, allowing them to sur-vive during the non-breeding season. Despite the hotspot area, the waterbird fauna in the suburbs of Asmara city is poorly described. Information on the seasonal variation in species diversity and abundance is generally patchy. The study described the seasonal change in waterbird species diversity and abundance in different locations with varying physiological and ecological conditions. Waterbirds usually congregate around open wetlands, hence their abundance is more appropriately determined by counting all individuals in the congregate. The direct total area count method was implemented, and data was collected both during the dry (January-March) and wet (July-September) seasons of the year 2020. Species similarity between the study sites was calculated using The Morisi-ta-Horn index (C MH ). A total of 5641 waterbirds were counted, representing 12 families and 47 species. The study shows a significant difference (p<0.05) in species abundance between the wet and dry seasons, although species richness is not statistically significant. The highest site similarity and low complementarity was seen between Radar and Adi-Nefas areas (C MH = 0.759). Despite seasonal species turnover, the total species diversity does not show significant change, while their abundance being notably higher during the dry season. Few waterbird species appear in dominant number, while the majority species are represented by a few individuals. In general, site similarity was high in the dry season, and maximum similarity was seen between Radar and Adi-Nefas sites both in the wet and dry seasons.
{"title":"SEASONAL VARIATION IN SPECIES RICHNESS AND ABUNDANCE OF WATERBIRDS IN THE SUBURBS OF ASMARA CITY, ERITREA","authors":"R. Tewelde, D. Araya","doi":"10.21685/2500-0578-2022-1-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21685/2500-0578-2022-1-4","url":null,"abstract":". Wetlands provide organisms with a diverse range of breeding sites and food, allowing them to sur-vive during the non-breeding season. Despite the hotspot area, the waterbird fauna in the suburbs of Asmara city is poorly described. Information on the seasonal variation in species diversity and abundance is generally patchy. The study described the seasonal change in waterbird species diversity and abundance in different locations with varying physiological and ecological conditions. Waterbirds usually congregate around open wetlands, hence their abundance is more appropriately determined by counting all individuals in the congregate. The direct total area count method was implemented, and data was collected both during the dry (January-March) and wet (July-September) seasons of the year 2020. Species similarity between the study sites was calculated using The Morisi-ta-Horn index (C MH ). A total of 5641 waterbirds were counted, representing 12 families and 47 species. The study shows a significant difference (p<0.05) in species abundance between the wet and dry seasons, although species richness is not statistically significant. The highest site similarity and low complementarity was seen between Radar and Adi-Nefas areas (C MH = 0.759). Despite seasonal species turnover, the total species diversity does not show significant change, while their abundance being notably higher during the dry season. Few waterbird species appear in dominant number, while the majority species are represented by a few individuals. In general, site similarity was high in the dry season, and maximum similarity was seen between Radar and Adi-Nefas sites both in the wet and dry seasons.","PeriodicalId":309848,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114014017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21685/2500-0578-2022-3-5
Y. Forina
{"title":"ZOOPLANKTON OF SOME RIVERS OF PYASINA RIVER BASIN","authors":"Y. Forina","doi":"10.21685/2500-0578-2022-3-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21685/2500-0578-2022-3-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":309848,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121389242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21685/2500-0578-2021-4-1
D. Smirnov, G. Dzhamirzoev, V. Vekhnik, Y. Bykov, S. Gazaryan
. The paper assesses the studied fauna of bats in Dagestan. To date, a total of 26 species from 256 lo-calities have been established in Dagestan. It is shown that the greatest efforts in studying bat fauna of the last two decades have been directed to the specially protected natural territories. Here at different sites, 12 to 45 sites have been surveyed. Until now several intra-mountainous areas in the west remain unexplored, there are many "white spots"
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF THE STUDY OF THE FAUNA OF BATS (CHIROPTERA) IN DAGESTAN","authors":"D. Smirnov, G. Dzhamirzoev, V. Vekhnik, Y. Bykov, S. Gazaryan","doi":"10.21685/2500-0578-2021-4-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21685/2500-0578-2021-4-1","url":null,"abstract":". The paper assesses the studied fauna of bats in Dagestan. To date, a total of 26 species from 256 lo-calities have been established in Dagestan. It is shown that the greatest efforts in studying bat fauna of the last two decades have been directed to the specially protected natural territories. Here at different sites, 12 to 45 sites have been surveyed. Until now several intra-mountainous areas in the west remain unexplored, there are many \"white spots\"","PeriodicalId":309848,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128922511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21685/2500-0578-2020-3-5
V. Gavrilov
In the work of Gorshkov and Makarieva [1] an idea was put forward that the formation of a continuous cover by immobile organisms (the so-called “lack of space abundance”) allows the species to effectively expel non-competitive individuals from the population thus maintaining genetic stability. An analogue of such “lack of space abundance” (continuous cover) is the territoriality in birds, when all areas suitable for reproduction are occupied and defended against intrusions of competitors. In the regime of territoriality, competition during the period of reproduction occurs only between close neighbors that are normally not numerous. This appears to be insufficient for the maintenance of species stability in birds, as during migration and overwintering birds assemble into big flocks where population densities and the intensity of competitive interaction become higher. Immobile organisms, on the other hand, are able to compete with their immediate neighbors only. This leads to the conclusion that, for such local competitive interaction to be effective, the frequency of appearance of non-competitive individuals in immobile organisms should be significantly lower than in locomotive organisms (birds).
{"title":"TERRITORIALITY AND FLOCK FORMATION AS POSSIBLE MECHANISMS FOR MAINTAINING SPECIES STABILITY: COMMENTARY ON V. G. GORSHKOV, A. M. MAKARIEVA (2020) “KEY ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF IMMOBILE AND LOCOMOTIVE LIFE”","authors":"V. Gavrilov","doi":"10.21685/2500-0578-2020-3-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21685/2500-0578-2020-3-5","url":null,"abstract":"In the work of Gorshkov and Makarieva [1] an idea was put forward that the formation of a continuous cover by immobile organisms (the so-called “lack of space abundance”) allows the species to effectively expel non-competitive individuals from the population thus maintaining genetic stability. An analogue of such “lack of space abundance” (continuous cover) is the territoriality in birds, when all areas suitable for reproduction are occupied and defended against intrusions of competitors. In the regime of territoriality, competition during the period of reproduction occurs only between close neighbors that are normally not numerous. This appears to be insufficient for the maintenance of species stability in birds, as during migration and overwintering birds assemble into big flocks where population densities and the intensity of competitive interaction become higher. Immobile organisms, on the other hand, are able to compete with their immediate neighbors only. This leads to the conclusion that, for such local competitive interaction to be effective, the frequency of appearance of non-competitive individuals in immobile organisms should be significantly lower than in locomotive organisms (birds).","PeriodicalId":309848,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129288848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21685/2500-0578-2022-1-2
Z. Novitskiy, A. Khamzaev, N. Bakirov, G. Atadjanova
. There are two ways to solve the Aral problem. The first is to give water in such quantity as on medium and highly saline soil in order to identify the relationship of plants to their degree of salinity. Seeds and root system of plants were treated with gumimax "double strength" before sowing and planting. The average degree of soil salinization is maintained by such rocks as Salsola orientalis S.G.Gmel., Ceratoides latens J.F. (Gmel), Nitrarias choberi L., Salsola Richteri Kar. Salsola Paletzkiana Litw., Aelenia subaphylla (C.A.Mey) Aellen, Aristida Karelini Trin. Et Rupr. Roshev, Lycium, Kochia, Halostachys, Tamarix, Ephedra, Ammodendron conollyi Bge, Asrtagalus ammodendron Bge, Haloxylon aphyllum (Minkw.), Calligonum capu tmedusa (Schrenk), Calligonum aphyllum (Pall.) Guerke. The above-mentioned rocks were planted on soils with a strong degree of salinization, however, as our studies have shown, such a strong salinization cannot withstand sandy acacia, candym, ephedra, seline, izen. The scope of application of the results resulting from this work are different types of bottom sediments of the drained bottom of the Aral Sea.
{"title":"THE GENE POOL OF DESERT PLANTS ON THE DRAINED BOTTOM OF THE ARAL SEA","authors":"Z. Novitskiy, A. Khamzaev, N. Bakirov, G. Atadjanova","doi":"10.21685/2500-0578-2022-1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21685/2500-0578-2022-1-2","url":null,"abstract":". There are two ways to solve the Aral problem. The first is to give water in such quantity as on medium and highly saline soil in order to identify the relationship of plants to their degree of salinity. Seeds and root system of plants were treated with gumimax \"double strength\" before sowing and planting. The average degree of soil salinization is maintained by such rocks as Salsola orientalis S.G.Gmel., Ceratoides latens J.F. (Gmel), Nitrarias choberi L., Salsola Richteri Kar. Salsola Paletzkiana Litw., Aelenia subaphylla (C.A.Mey) Aellen, Aristida Karelini Trin. Et Rupr. Roshev, Lycium, Kochia, Halostachys, Tamarix, Ephedra, Ammodendron conollyi Bge, Asrtagalus ammodendron Bge, Haloxylon aphyllum (Minkw.), Calligonum capu tmedusa (Schrenk), Calligonum aphyllum (Pall.) Guerke. The above-mentioned rocks were planted on soils with a strong degree of salinization, however, as our studies have shown, such a strong salinization cannot withstand sandy acacia, candym, ephedra, seline, izen. The scope of application of the results resulting from this work are different types of bottom sediments of the drained bottom of the Aral Sea.","PeriodicalId":309848,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115872930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21685/2500-0578-2021-4-5
N. Leonova
. Background. The vegetation cover of the forest-steppe of the western slopes of the Volga Upland has been subjected to intense anthropogenic impact for a long time. The most significant and dramatic changes are associated with the destruction of forests during the development of territories. Materials and methods. The study of forest vegetation was carried out during route and stationary studies on trial plots (SP) with a size of 10 m x 10 m (100 m2). Geobotanical descriptions were carried out within the framework of the natural contours of plant communities with indication of the projective cover of plants as a percentage. For each woody plant, the following was noted on the SP: age state, origin (seed or vegetative), height, belonging to a layer, vitality (most often on a three-point scale. The obtained geobotanical descriptions served as material for the analysis of biodiversity. The structural diversity of communities was estimated by the ratio in the composition of the plant cover of ecolog-ical-coenotic groups (ECG) of species.The assessment of ecological regimes of habitats of communities was carried out using the range ecological scales of D. N. Tsyganov. Results and conclusions . The revealed differences in the ontogenetic composition of tree species are explained by the ecological conditions of the habitats, as well as by the different history of the economic use of forests. Always under the influence of anthropogenic activity, there is a depletion of the species composition and the same age of tree tiers, a violation of the mosaic-tiered or-ganization of phytocenoses. Without the maintenance of oak populations by artificial means, even under the con-dition of conservation, after several generations, the formation of phytocenoses without the participation of oak is possible. In large areas with a predominance of shade-tolerant species, the formation of oligo- and monodomi-nant communities is most likely.
． 背景。长期以来，伏尔加河高原西坡森林草原植被受到强烈的人为影响。最重大和最剧烈的变化与领土开发过程中森林的破坏有关。材料和方法。森林植被的研究是在10 m × 10 m (100 m2)的试验田(SP)的路线和静止研究中进行的。在植物群落自然轮廓的框架内进行地植物学描述，并以百分比表示植物的投影覆盖。对于每一株木本植物，在SP上记录了以下内容:年龄状态、起源(种子或营养性)、高度、所属层、活力(通常为三分制)。获得的地植物学描述为生物多样性分析提供了材料。群落结构多样性是通过物种生态群落群(ECG)的植物覆盖组成比例来估算的。采用D. N. Tsyganov范围生态尺度对群落生境的生态状况进行了评价。结果和结论。不同生境的生态条件和不同的森林经济利用历史可以解释不同树种在个体组成上的差异。在人为活动的影响下，物种组成和树龄相同的树层逐渐减少，违反了植物群落的镶嵌式分层结构。即使在保护的条件下，经过几代之后，没有橡树的参与，植物群落的形成也是可能的。在耐阴物种占优势的大片地区，极有可能形成寡占和单占的群落。
{"title":"FORECAST (FROM POPULATION POSITIONS) ON DEVELOPING FORESTS ON THE VOLGA UPLAND WESTERN SLOPES","authors":"N. Leonova","doi":"10.21685/2500-0578-2021-4-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21685/2500-0578-2021-4-5","url":null,"abstract":". Background. The vegetation cover of the forest-steppe of the western slopes of the Volga Upland has been subjected to intense anthropogenic impact for a long time. The most significant and dramatic changes are associated with the destruction of forests during the development of territories. Materials and methods. The study of forest vegetation was carried out during route and stationary studies on trial plots (SP) with a size of 10 m x 10 m (100 m2). Geobotanical descriptions were carried out within the framework of the natural contours of plant communities with indication of the projective cover of plants as a percentage. For each woody plant, the following was noted on the SP: age state, origin (seed or vegetative), height, belonging to a layer, vitality (most often on a three-point scale. The obtained geobotanical descriptions served as material for the analysis of biodiversity. The structural diversity of communities was estimated by the ratio in the composition of the plant cover of ecolog-ical-coenotic groups (ECG) of species.The assessment of ecological regimes of habitats of communities was carried out using the range ecological scales of D. N. Tsyganov. Results and conclusions . The revealed differences in the ontogenetic composition of tree species are explained by the ecological conditions of the habitats, as well as by the different history of the economic use of forests. Always under the influence of anthropogenic activity, there is a depletion of the species composition and the same age of tree tiers, a violation of the mosaic-tiered or-ganization of phytocenoses. Without the maintenance of oak populations by artificial means, even under the con-dition of conservation, after several generations, the formation of phytocenoses without the participation of oak is possible. In large areas with a predominance of shade-tolerant species, the formation of oligo- and monodomi-nant communities is most likely.","PeriodicalId":309848,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114083166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：