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MAPPING AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF HERBACEOUS VEGETATION IN THE TRANSITION AREA OF POLISTOVSKY RESERVE polistovsky保护区过渡区草本植被填图及空间分布分析
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.21685/2500-0578-2021-3-1
A. Komarova, V. Borodulina, A. G. Zudkin, O. Cherednichenko
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引用次数: 0
THE HISTORY OF FIRES IN OLD-GROWTH KOREAN PINE — BROADLEAVED FORESTS IN THE MIDDLE REACHES OF THE BIKIN RIVER (WESTERN SLOPE OF THE SYKHOTE-ALIN MOUNTAINS) ACCORDING TO DENDROCHRONOLOGICAL AND PEDOANTHRACOLOGICAL DATA 根据树木年代学和土壤人类学资料研究比肯河中游(sykhote-alin山西坡)原始红松阔叶林的火灾历史
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.21685/2500-0578-2019-1-2
M. Bobrovsky
The largest unfragmented tract of the rich-in-species old-growth Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis)broadleaved forests in the world is situated in the basin of the Bikin River. The history of these forests, including the fire history, is very important for understanding factors of dynamics of these forests and prognosis of their development under different climate change scenarios and land-use regimes. However, this history has not been studied in detail so far. Here we aim at reconstructing the local history of fires in the middle reaches of the Bikin River using dendrochronology and pedoanthracology (analysis of charcoal in the soil). We used treefall mounds to search for charcoal in soils; charcoal was selected from 34 treefall mounds, 14 charcoal samples were radiocarbon dated. The age of fire scars on trunks was determined using the increment borer method on 45 Pinus koraiensis individuals. We defined that the main factors responsible for charcoal transport to the mineral soils were past treefalls with uprooting and soil erosion. The most ancient soil charcoals date back to the Upper Neolithic, about 3450 cal BP. The remaining charcoal samples are mainly grouped into four clusters: about 2250, 1610, 1450 and 600 cal BP. The increase of fire frequency is in good agreement with the previous results of lithologic-facies, botanical, spore-pollen and other analyses of bog sediments in the floodplain of the Bikin River. The earliest fires in the study area, which can be associated with human impacts, refer to the end of the first millennium (the time of the Bohai Kingdom). Fire scars were found on cores sampled from 39 out of 45 Pinus koraiensis individuals. The oldest Pinus we dated was 278 years old. Based on the cores, a fire chronology was built, covering the period from 1773 to 1993. Fires were marked for 36 years, while 10 years of them coincided in 3 and more cores. The periods with the highest frequency of fires are from 1937 to 1948 and from 1958 to 1980. We further followed possible connections between the frequency of fires and human activities. We also compared the fire chronology, data on precipitation and the number of fires in the Sikhote-Alin State Nature Reserve located closely to the study area. As expected, fires often occurred in the years with low precipitation or in the years following them. Preservation of a high species diversity of plants, especially the woody ones, with a significant frequency of fires in the study area can be explained by a complex relief determining the local fire spread and the presence of fire refugia. Soil charcoal analysis showed the existence of fire events from 3500 to 600 years BP and tree fire scars analysis showed the intensive fire history of the studied forests during the last 200 years. For the first time, fire regimes were reconstructed for Korean pine-broadleaved forest located on the slopes in the middle reaches of the Bikin River. RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access © 2019 Bobrovsky M. V. Данная ст
世界上最大的未破碎的物种丰富的古老红松(Pinus koraiensis)阔叶林位于比金河流域。这些森林的历史,包括火灾历史,对于了解这些森林在不同气候变化情景和土地利用制度下的动态因素和预测其发展非常重要。然而,这段历史到目前为止还没有详细的研究。在这里,我们的目标是利用树木年代学和土壤炭学(分析土壤中的木炭)重建比金河中游地区的火灾历史。我们用树堆来寻找土壤中的木炭;从34个树丘中选择了木炭,其中14个木炭样品进行了放射性碳定年。采用增量蛀虫法测定了45株红松树干上的火痕年龄。我们确定了木炭向矿物土壤运输的主要因素是过去的树木被连根拔起和土壤侵蚀。最古老的土壤木炭可以追溯到新石器时代晚期,大约3450 cal BP。剩余的木炭样品主要分为4个簇:约2250、1610、1450和600 cal BP。火灾频率的增加与以往对碧金河漫滩沼泽沉积物的岩性、植物学、孢粉等分析结果吻合较好。研究区最早的火灾可能与人类的影响有关,指的是第一个千年(渤海王国时期)的末期。红松45个个体中有39个在岩心上发现了火痕。我们约会过的最老的松树有278岁了。根据这些岩心,建立了一个火灾年表,涵盖了从1773年到1993年的时间。火灾记录为36年,其中10年发生在3个以上的地核。1937年至1948年和1958年至1980年是火灾发生频率最高的时期。我们进一步研究了火灾频率与人类活动之间可能存在的联系。我们还比较了靠近研究区域的锡霍特-阿林国家自然保护区的火灾年代学、降水数据和火灾数量。正如预期的那样,火灾经常发生在降水少的年份或之后的年份。研究区火灾发生频率高的植物物种多样性,特别是木本植物,可以用复杂的地形来解释,这决定了当地火灾的蔓延和火灾避难所的存在。土壤炭分析显示3500 ~ 600年间存在火灾事件,树木火痕分析显示近200年来研究森林的密集火灾历史。本文首次对碧金河中游斜坡上的红松阔叶林进行了火情重建。研究论文开放存取©2019 Bobrovsky m . v .Даннаястатьядоступнапоусловиямвсемирнойлицензии创作共用署名4.0国际许可(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/),котораядаетразрешениенанеограниченноеиспользование,копированиеналюбыеносителиприусловииуказанияавторства,источникаиссылкиналицензиюCreative Commons,атакжеизменений,еслитаковыеимеютместо。第27页第1页
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引用次数: 2
DYNAMICS OF RESISTANCE OF LOCAL DANDELION POPULATIONS TO HEAVY METAL POLLUTION OF SOILS 当地蒲公英种群对土壤重金属污染的抗性动态
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.21685/2500-0578-2022-2-4
D. I. Bashmakov
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引用次数: 0
CHANGES OF ORNITHOCENOSES IN FORESTS DISTURBED BY FIRES, BARK BEETLES AND SALVAGE LOGGING 火灾、树皮甲虫和采伐干扰下森林鸟类群落的变化
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.21685/2500-0578-2021-4-2
V. V. Gridneva, G. P. Shmeleva
. Background. The spatial and temporal dynamics of ornithocenoses is associated with a complex of natural and anthropogenic factors, named ecological gradients (terms introduced by R. H. Whittaker). The biodiversity of forest ornithocenoses is formed by disturbances and successions. Natural disturbances in managed forests are economically impractical, but important as factors for the protection of biodiversity and diversity of forest ornithocenoses. Standards for the protection of forest biodiversity are not clearly formulated, and ecological gradients important for birds are erased due to theoretically unfounded methods of forestry often using salvage logging. The research goal of the study is to compare the contribution of salvage logging and its preceding natural disturbances to the initiation and course of successions of forest ornithocenoses. Materials and methods. The key types of managed secondary hemiboreal Eastern European forests (scots pine and mixed forests) were studied. Birds were counted using the method of mapping nesting territories on model sites. Sites that represent successional shifts after typical natural disturbances (fires, bark beetles) and after rescue logging were selected. The method of nonmetric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) was used to identify succession gradients. Results. The patterns of pyrogenic and biogenic successions of ornithocenoses were tracked. Successional changes of bird communities after salvage logging are truncated and slowed down in comparison with natural destructive-demutation processes. The relationships of the avian diversity with the mosaic structure, vertical heterogeneity and the area of disturbance are revealed. The long-term devastating impacts of regular fires, salvage logging, and commercial felling disguised salvage logging on forest bird communities are found. Conclusions. Salvage logging in disturbed forests is an additional factor that reduces the diversity of ornithocenoses at all levels and slows down the succession processes. The forests ornithocenoses, naturally recovering after bark beetle invasions or forest fires, possess highly dynamic, unique and diverse character. Preserved natural structure of these forests differs them from salvage logging, populated predominantly by pioneer bird species.
。背景。鸟类群落的时空动态与一系列自然和人为因素有关,这些因素被称为生态梯度(R. H. Whittaker引入的术语)。森林鸟类群落的生物多样性是由干扰和演替形成的。对管理森林的自然干扰在经济上是不切实际的,但作为保护生物多样性和森林鸟类群落多样性的重要因素。保护森林生物多样性的标准没有明确制定,对鸟类重要的生态梯度由于缺乏理论依据的林业方法而被抹去。本研究的目的是比较残余性采伐及其前期自然干扰对森林鸟类群落演替的启动和过程的贡献。材料和方法。研究了东欧半北方次生林管理的关键类型(苏格兰松和混交林)。采用在模型站点上绘制筑巢区域的方法对鸟类进行计数。在典型的自然干扰(火灾、树皮甲虫)和救援伐木之后,选择了具有演替变化特征的地点。采用非度量多维尺度(nMDS)方法识别演替梯度。结果。追踪了鸟类藓类的热生和生物演替模式。与自然破坏-退化过程相比,采伐后鸟类群落的演替变化被截断和减缓。揭示了鸟类多样性与马赛克结构、垂直异质性和干扰面积的关系。发现了定期火灾、救助采伐和商业采伐变相救助采伐对森林鸟类群落的长期破坏性影响。结论。在受干扰的森林中进行补救性采伐是减少各级鸟类群落多样性和减缓演替过程的另一个因素。森林鸟栖植物在树皮甲虫入侵或森林火灾后自然恢复,具有高度的动态性、独特性和多样性。这些森林保存的自然结构不同于打捞性采伐,主要由先锋鸟物种居住。
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引用次数: 0
THE COLLEMBOLAN FAUNA (HEXAPODA: COLLEMBOLA) OF THE «PRIVOLZHSKAYA LESOSTEP» RESERVE AND ADJACENT TERRITORIES IN THE PENZA REGION 奔萨地区“privolzhskaya lesostep”保护区及其邻近地区的弹虫动物群(六足纲:弹虫纲)
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.21685/2500-0578-2022-4-4
Yu. B. Shveenkova
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引用次数: 0
SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF DIVERSITY OF SOIL DESTRUCTORS ON THE EXAMPLE OF COLLEMBOLA OF THE VALUEV MOSCOW FOREST PARK 土壤破坏者多样性的空间结构——以莫斯科价值森林公园复合体为例
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.21685/2500-0578-2019-4-4
N. Vasenkova, N. Kuznetsova
. Background . In forest ecosystems, soil organisms perform an important ecosystem role in the de-struction of organic matter. Destructors include, among others, small soil arthropods (Collembola). The patterns of distribution of this group in forests of different formations are insufficiently studied. The study is devoted to the identification of species composition and spatial structure of diversity of collembola in forests of different formations of the Valuev Moscow forest park. Materials and methods . The study was carried out in summer and autumn in the trial plots in broadleaved, mixed and coniferous forests. The material was collected using a scale-oriented inventory design based on a large number of samples describing areas ranging from a few square centimeters to 100 square meters in each habitat. Results. The species list of springtails of the Valuev Moscow forest park for different forests formations is given. The range of functional groups by latitude of the set of habitats un-der development (specialized forest, eurythmy and ruderal forms) showed the wellbeing of the area. An increase in the number of species with increasing sampling effort (SAR, SSER) is analyzed. Estimates of the average number of species in areas of different size (8 cm 2 , 1 dm 2 , 6 dm 2 , 1 m 2 and 3 m 2 ) in different forests formations and their seasonal changes were obtained. Conclusions. Species richness was comparable, and the total number of species was lower than in natural forests. The Valuev Moscow forest park differs from many other Moscow forest parks in its insignificant participation in communities of ruderal forms. The share of species found in the 1 m 2 area of the area is practically independent of the species richness of collembola of habitats and is similar in different forest formations. The species saturation of small areas ranging from several square centimeters to several square deci-meters during the growing season increases by 1.5–2.5 times. The above estimates of species richness of collembola at sites of different sizes allow forecasting the number of species in the habitats of forest formations of different types.
. 背景。在森林生态系统中,土壤生物对有机质的破坏起着重要的生态系统作用。除其他外,破坏者包括小型土壤节肢动物(弹虫)。这一类群在不同形成的森林中的分布模式还没有得到充分的研究。研究了莫斯科瓦卢耶夫森林公园不同形态森林中弹线虫的种类组成和多样性的空间结构。材料和方法。研究分夏秋两季在阔叶林、混交林和针叶林试验田进行。材料的收集使用了基于大量样本的面向规模的库存设计,这些样本描述了每个栖息地从几平方厘米到100平方米不等的区域。结果。给出了莫斯科瓦卢耶夫森林公园不同森林形态的弹尾物种清单。根据纬度划分的正在开发的生境(专门的森林、生态系统和原始形态)的功能群范围显示了该地区的健康状况。分析了随着采样努力(SAR, SSER)的增加,物种数量的增加。得到了不同林制中不同面积(8 cm 2、1 dm 2、6 dm 2、1 m2和3 m2)的平均物种数量及其季节变化。结论。物种丰富度具有可比性,但物种总数低于天然林。瓦卢耶夫莫斯科森林公园与许多其他莫斯科森林公园的不同之处在于,它对农村社区的参与微不足道。在该区域1 m2面积内发现的物种所占的份额实际上与生境复线的物种丰富度无关,并且在不同的森林地层中相似。在生长季节,几平方厘米到几平方厘米的小面积的物种饱和度增加了1.5-2.5倍。以上对不同大小样地弹线虫物种丰富度的估计,可用于预测不同类型林制生境的物种数量。
{"title":"SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF DIVERSITY OF SOIL DESTRUCTORS ON THE EXAMPLE OF COLLEMBOLA OF THE VALUEV MOSCOW FOREST PARK","authors":"N. Vasenkova, N. Kuznetsova","doi":"10.21685/2500-0578-2019-4-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21685/2500-0578-2019-4-4","url":null,"abstract":". Background . In forest ecosystems, soil organisms perform an important ecosystem role in the de-struction of organic matter. Destructors include, among others, small soil arthropods (Collembola). The patterns of distribution of this group in forests of different formations are insufficiently studied. The study is devoted to the identification of species composition and spatial structure of diversity of collembola in forests of different formations of the Valuev Moscow forest park. Materials and methods . The study was carried out in summer and autumn in the trial plots in broadleaved, mixed and coniferous forests. The material was collected using a scale-oriented inventory design based on a large number of samples describing areas ranging from a few square centimeters to 100 square meters in each habitat. Results. The species list of springtails of the Valuev Moscow forest park for different forests formations is given. The range of functional groups by latitude of the set of habitats un-der development (specialized forest, eurythmy and ruderal forms) showed the wellbeing of the area. An increase in the number of species with increasing sampling effort (SAR, SSER) is analyzed. Estimates of the average number of species in areas of different size (8 cm 2 , 1 dm 2 , 6 dm 2 , 1 m 2 and 3 m 2 ) in different forests formations and their seasonal changes were obtained. Conclusions. Species richness was comparable, and the total number of species was lower than in natural forests. The Valuev Moscow forest park differs from many other Moscow forest parks in its insignificant participation in communities of ruderal forms. The share of species found in the 1 m 2 area of the area is practically independent of the species richness of collembola of habitats and is similar in different forest formations. The species saturation of small areas ranging from several square centimeters to several square deci-meters during the growing season increases by 1.5–2.5 times. The above estimates of species richness of collembola at sites of different sizes allow forecasting the number of species in the habitats of forest formations of different types.","PeriodicalId":309848,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127074947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
NEW DATA ON THE POLYMORPHISM OF THE VOLGA POPULATION OF THE IMPERIAL EAGLE (AQUILA HELIACA, FALCONIFORMES, ACCIPITRIDAE) BASED ON THE RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS OF MITOCHONDRIAL AND MICROSATELLITE DNA 基于线粒体和微卫星DNA分析的帝国鹰(aquila heliaca, falconconformes, accipridae) volga种群多态性新数据
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.21685/2500-0578-2021-3-2
M. Simakov, M. Korepov, S. Stryukov, D. Korepova, A. A. Kuz’min, S. Titov
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引用次数: 0
TENGUTINSKY OIL AND GAS FIELD: EXPLORING ONE EMERGENCY OIL SPILL IN THE CHYORNYE ZEMLI NATURE RESERVE 腾古廷斯基油气田:在钦奈泽姆里自然保护区勘探一次紧急溢油事故
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.21685/2500-0578-2022-3-4
{"title":"TENGUTINSKY OIL AND GAS FIELD: EXPLORING ONE EMERGENCY OIL SPILL IN THE CHYORNYE ZEMLI NATURE RESERVE","authors":"","doi":"10.21685/2500-0578-2022-3-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21685/2500-0578-2022-3-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":309848,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125268125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
SPATIAL AND VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF LONGICORN BEETLES (СOLEOPTERA, СERAMBYCIDAE) IN THE FORESTS OF THE SOUTH PART OF PRIMORSKI KRAI 滨海边疆区南部森林中天牛甲虫(Сoleoptera, Сerambycidae)的空间垂直分布
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.21685/2500-0578-2019-1-3
A. Kuprin, D. Yi
{"title":"SPATIAL AND VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF LONGICORN BEETLES (СOLEOPTERA, СERAMBYCIDAE) IN THE FORESTS OF THE SOUTH PART OF PRIMORSKI KRAI","authors":"A. Kuprin, D. Yi","doi":"10.21685/2500-0578-2019-1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21685/2500-0578-2019-1-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":309848,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132166569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A MULTIFACETED APPROACH TO ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF REMEDIATING OIL-CONTAMINATED SOILS 评估石油污染土壤修复效果的多方面方法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.21685/2500-0578-2021-4-3
O. Eremchenko, N. V. Moskvina, N. Mitrakova, E. Efimik, I. Shestakov
{"title":"A MULTIFACETED APPROACH TO ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF REMEDIATING OIL-CONTAMINATED SOILS","authors":"O. Eremchenko, N. V. Moskvina, N. Mitrakova, E. Efimik, I. Shestakov","doi":"10.21685/2500-0578-2021-4-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21685/2500-0578-2021-4-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":309848,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology","volume":"115 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133169714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology
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