Pub Date : 2010-06-23DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2010.5558699
C. Obersteiner, T. Siewierski, A. N. Andersen
In Europe an increasing share of wind power is sold on the power market. Therefore more and more wind power generators become balancing responsible and face imbalance cost that reduce revenues from selling wind power. A comparison of literature illustrates that the imbalance cost of wind power varies in a wide range. To explain differences we indentify parameters influencing imbalance cost and compare them for case studies in Austria, Denmark and Poland. Besides the wind power forecast error also the correlation between imbalance and imbalance price influences imbalance cost significantly. Especially in systems with significant wind shares, an assessment of imbalance cost based on the amount of imbalance and average System Sell and System Buy Prices is therefore not reliable. While imbalance cost rather reflects cash flows within the clearing of imbalances, the presented concept of cost of imperfect forecast is better suited to reflect real cost incurred due to inaccurate wind power forecasts.
{"title":"Drivers of imbalance cost of wind power: A comparative analysis","authors":"C. Obersteiner, T. Siewierski, A. N. Andersen","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2010.5558699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2010.5558699","url":null,"abstract":"In Europe an increasing share of wind power is sold on the power market. Therefore more and more wind power generators become balancing responsible and face imbalance cost that reduce revenues from selling wind power. A comparison of literature illustrates that the imbalance cost of wind power varies in a wide range. To explain differences we indentify parameters influencing imbalance cost and compare them for case studies in Austria, Denmark and Poland. Besides the wind power forecast error also the correlation between imbalance and imbalance price influences imbalance cost significantly. Especially in systems with significant wind shares, an assessment of imbalance cost based on the amount of imbalance and average System Sell and System Buy Prices is therefore not reliable. While imbalance cost rather reflects cash flows within the clearing of imbalances, the presented concept of cost of imperfect forecast is better suited to reflect real cost incurred due to inaccurate wind power forecasts.","PeriodicalId":310310,"journal":{"name":"2010 7th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114691199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-23DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2010.5558745
K. Ponnambalam, Y. Saad, M. Mahootchi, A. Heemink
Renewable energy systems such as solar and wind are notorious for their varying energy production. Joint use of a battery system can mitigate this problem to meet constant demand. In this paper, we compare three methods, namely, (i) Monte Carlo simulation based optimization, (ii) Stochastic programming, and (iii) Optimization using Storage moment equations of Fletcher and Ponnambalam to determine the relation between the battery system capacity versus available energy for use. The first two methods require a large number of samples while the last method uses only the statistical information. Each of these methods can also produce required probabilities of failures as a function of capacity and demand.
{"title":"Comparison of methods for battery capacity design in renewable energy systems for constant demand and uncertain supply","authors":"K. Ponnambalam, Y. Saad, M. Mahootchi, A. Heemink","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2010.5558745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2010.5558745","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable energy systems such as solar and wind are notorious for their varying energy production. Joint use of a battery system can mitigate this problem to meet constant demand. In this paper, we compare three methods, namely, (i) Monte Carlo simulation based optimization, (ii) Stochastic programming, and (iii) Optimization using Storage moment equations of Fletcher and Ponnambalam to determine the relation between the battery system capacity versus available energy for use. The first two methods require a large number of samples while the last method uses only the statistical information. Each of these methods can also produce required probabilities of failures as a function of capacity and demand.","PeriodicalId":310310,"journal":{"name":"2010 7th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131296451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-23DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2010.5558769
B. A. Gomes, J. Saraiva
This paper describes a hybrid approach in which generation cost and demand uncertainties are represented by fuzzy numbers and the life cycle of system components is modeled by probabilistic models. The Monte Carlo simulation model is used to sample system states according to the failure rates of the system components and a Fuzzy DC OPF model is used to analyse each sampled state. This Fuzzy DC OPF model adopts multi-parametric optimization techniques and admits that loads, generation costs or both of them simultaneously are modeled using fuzzy numbers. At the end of this process, it is possible to compute estimates of the Power Not Supplied and also of the exposure and robustness indices that characterize the ability that the system has to accommodate the specified uncertainties. This information can then be used to characterize the ability each reinforcement has in increasing the robustness of the system. Finally, the paper includes results for two case studies. On of them is based on a 6 bus system and the second uses the IEEE 24 bus/38 branch test system to illustrate the developed approaches.
{"title":"Evaluation of transmission reinforcement strategies using risk indices in the presence of uncertainties","authors":"B. A. Gomes, J. Saraiva","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2010.5558769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2010.5558769","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a hybrid approach in which generation cost and demand uncertainties are represented by fuzzy numbers and the life cycle of system components is modeled by probabilistic models. The Monte Carlo simulation model is used to sample system states according to the failure rates of the system components and a Fuzzy DC OPF model is used to analyse each sampled state. This Fuzzy DC OPF model adopts multi-parametric optimization techniques and admits that loads, generation costs or both of them simultaneously are modeled using fuzzy numbers. At the end of this process, it is possible to compute estimates of the Power Not Supplied and also of the exposure and robustness indices that characterize the ability that the system has to accommodate the specified uncertainties. This information can then be used to characterize the ability each reinforcement has in increasing the robustness of the system. Finally, the paper includes results for two case studies. On of them is based on a 6 bus system and the second uses the IEEE 24 bus/38 branch test system to illustrate the developed approaches.","PeriodicalId":310310,"journal":{"name":"2010 7th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127025821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-23DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2010.5558778
M. Farsi, M. Filippini, Marie-Anne Plagnet, R. Saplacan
The aim of this study is to provide some empirical evidence in support of the ongoing re-structuring initiated in 2005, toward re-grouping certain activities across several distribution units, by exploring the cost structure of the electricity distribution units operating in France over the three year period between 2003 and 2005. The sample includes 279 observations from 93 distribution units operating within the French electricity distribution network ERDF. A Cobb-Douglas cost function is estimated using several specifications focusing on the analysis of the economies of scale and customer density. In order to account for the unobserved heterogeneity and its impacts on the economies of scale, we use a latent class specification. The results suggest that a majority of the distribution units can exploit statistically significant economies of scale. Further, the empirical analysis indicates that the unexploited economies of scale can vary considerably from one unit to another, not only because of variations in outputs but also because of the unobserved differences in networks and technological characteristics. In particular, the latent class approach can identify a group of distribution units that do not show any significant economies of scale. Further analysis suggests that such distributors are often located in metropolitan areas with high customer density.
{"title":"The economies of scale in the French power distribution utilities","authors":"M. Farsi, M. Filippini, Marie-Anne Plagnet, R. Saplacan","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2010.5558778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2010.5558778","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to provide some empirical evidence in support of the ongoing re-structuring initiated in 2005, toward re-grouping certain activities across several distribution units, by exploring the cost structure of the electricity distribution units operating in France over the three year period between 2003 and 2005. The sample includes 279 observations from 93 distribution units operating within the French electricity distribution network ERDF. A Cobb-Douglas cost function is estimated using several specifications focusing on the analysis of the economies of scale and customer density. In order to account for the unobserved heterogeneity and its impacts on the economies of scale, we use a latent class specification. The results suggest that a majority of the distribution units can exploit statistically significant economies of scale. Further, the empirical analysis indicates that the unexploited economies of scale can vary considerably from one unit to another, not only because of variations in outputs but also because of the unobserved differences in networks and technological characteristics. In particular, the latent class approach can identify a group of distribution units that do not show any significant economies of scale. Further analysis suggests that such distributors are often located in metropolitan areas with high customer density.","PeriodicalId":310310,"journal":{"name":"2010 7th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129105768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-23DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2010.5558754
I. Isaac, J. Areiza, J. Gonzalez, H. Biechl
The goal for solving the expansion planning (EP) problem in electrical systems involves the search for the optimal allocation of output power among available generators to serve the system load in a given time horizon. Currently, environmental aspects and the continuing search for alternative energy sources, push for the integration of wind power generators in the EP problem. In order to fulfill this new requirement, this paper developes a long-term energetic analysis for expansion planning under high wind power penetration scenarios in Colombia and its effect in neighboring countries. The simulations were developed using SDDP™ software package, a tool based in stochastic dual dynamic programming technique for hydrothermal-wind least-cost dispatch.
{"title":"Long-term energetic analysis for electric expansion planning under high wind power penetration scenarios in Colombia and neighboring countries","authors":"I. Isaac, J. Areiza, J. Gonzalez, H. Biechl","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2010.5558754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2010.5558754","url":null,"abstract":"The goal for solving the expansion planning (EP) problem in electrical systems involves the search for the optimal allocation of output power among available generators to serve the system load in a given time horizon. Currently, environmental aspects and the continuing search for alternative energy sources, push for the integration of wind power generators in the EP problem. In order to fulfill this new requirement, this paper developes a long-term energetic analysis for expansion planning under high wind power penetration scenarios in Colombia and its effect in neighboring countries. The simulations were developed using SDDP™ software package, a tool based in stochastic dual dynamic programming technique for hydrothermal-wind least-cost dispatch.","PeriodicalId":310310,"journal":{"name":"2010 7th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128922464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-23DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2010.5558692
R. Teive, T. Lange, G. Arfux, A. Queiroz, L. Rosa, A. Vieira Neto
In the new competitive environment of the electricity market, risk analysis is a powerful tool to guide investors under both contract uncertainties and energy prices of the spot market. Moreover, simulation of spot price scenarios and evaluation of energy contracts performance, are also necessary to the decision maker, and in particular to the trader to foresee opportunities and possible threats in the trading activity. In this context, computational systems that allow what-if analysis, involving simulation of spot price, contract portfolio optimization and risk evaluation are rather important. This paper proposes a decision support system not only for solving the problem of contracts portfolio optimization, by using linear programming; but also to execute risks analysis of the contracts portfolio performance, with VaR and CVaR metrics. Realistic tests have demonstrated the efficiency of this system.
{"title":"A decision support system for energy trading and portfolio optimization","authors":"R. Teive, T. Lange, G. Arfux, A. Queiroz, L. Rosa, A. Vieira Neto","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2010.5558692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2010.5558692","url":null,"abstract":"In the new competitive environment of the electricity market, risk analysis is a powerful tool to guide investors under both contract uncertainties and energy prices of the spot market. Moreover, simulation of spot price scenarios and evaluation of energy contracts performance, are also necessary to the decision maker, and in particular to the trader to foresee opportunities and possible threats in the trading activity. In this context, computational systems that allow what-if analysis, involving simulation of spot price, contract portfolio optimization and risk evaluation are rather important. This paper proposes a decision support system not only for solving the problem of contracts portfolio optimization, by using linear programming; but also to execute risks analysis of the contracts portfolio performance, with VaR and CVaR metrics. Realistic tests have demonstrated the efficiency of this system.","PeriodicalId":310310,"journal":{"name":"2010 7th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129317718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-23DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2010.5558705
M. Falvo
In a competitive environment the generation and transmission systems planning (GS&TS-P) becomes more complex and needs new approaches, criteria and models. Referring to the attribute named flexibility of the transmission system in respect of generation changes, and to some validated indexes for its evaluation (Uncertainty Scenario Flexibility Indexes - USFI), the author proposes the integration of this attribute in a Generation System-follows-Transmission System planning, stressing the importance of this stage for the Highly Developed Power Systems (HDPS) such as the Italian National Transmission System (INTS).
{"title":"Generation&transmission planning and electricity market: The role of TSO","authors":"M. Falvo","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2010.5558705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2010.5558705","url":null,"abstract":"In a competitive environment the generation and transmission systems planning (GS&TS-P) becomes more complex and needs new approaches, criteria and models. Referring to the attribute named flexibility of the transmission system in respect of generation changes, and to some validated indexes for its evaluation (Uncertainty Scenario Flexibility Indexes - USFI), the author proposes the integration of this attribute in a Generation System-follows-Transmission System planning, stressing the importance of this stage for the Highly Developed Power Systems (HDPS) such as the Italian National Transmission System (INTS).","PeriodicalId":310310,"journal":{"name":"2010 7th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134277618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-23DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2010.5558712
J. Lagarto, J. D. de Sousa, A. Martins
The integration of the Portuguese and Spanish electricity markets came into force on the July 2007 with the creation of the Iberian Electricity Market (IBELM).
2007年7月，随着伊比利亚电力市场(IBELM)的建立，葡萄牙和西班牙电力市场的整合开始生效。
{"title":"The impact of the Iberian Electricity Market on the competitive behavior of generating companies using a conjectural variations approach","authors":"J. Lagarto, J. D. de Sousa, A. Martins","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2010.5558712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2010.5558712","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of the Portuguese and Spanish electricity markets came into force on the July 2007 with the creation of the Iberian Electricity Market (IBELM).","PeriodicalId":310310,"journal":{"name":"2010 7th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132592053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-23DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2010.5558708
H. Vahedi, R. Noroozian, S. Hosseini
This paper focused on optimal operating strategy and cost optimization scheme for a MicroGrid by using Differential Evolution Algorithm. Prior to the optimization of the microgrid itself, the system model components from some real manufactural data are constructed. The proposed cost function takes into consideration the costs of the emissions NOx, SO2, and CO2 as well as the operation and maintenance costs. The battery storage is used for storing excess energy. The optimization is aimed at minimizing the cost function of the system while constraining it to meet the customer demand and safety of the system.
{"title":"Optimal management of MicroGrid using differential evolution approach","authors":"H. Vahedi, R. Noroozian, S. Hosseini","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2010.5558708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2010.5558708","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focused on optimal operating strategy and cost optimization scheme for a MicroGrid by using Differential Evolution Algorithm. Prior to the optimization of the microgrid itself, the system model components from some real manufactural data are constructed. The proposed cost function takes into consideration the costs of the emissions NOx, SO2, and CO2 as well as the operation and maintenance costs. The battery storage is used for storing excess energy. The optimization is aimed at minimizing the cost function of the system while constraining it to meet the customer demand and safety of the system.","PeriodicalId":310310,"journal":{"name":"2010 7th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130832364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-23DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2010.5558672
F. Careri, C. Genesi, P. Marannino, M. Montagna, S. Rossi, I. Siviero
The overall purpose of the paper is to suggest a suitable methodology of valuing the reactive power support in a deregulated electricity market from the point of view of Transmission System Operator (TSO). The valorization of the reactive resource available in a grid bus will be determined by means of an Optimal Reactive Power Flow (ORPF) procedure, which pursues both economic and security criteria. The methodology has been applied to a detailed model of the EHV Italian system with reference to a 2010 peak load condition and to a medium term forecast scenario (target year 2014). The results will show that an adequate Hierarchical Voltage Control (HVC) framework and above all a suitable definition of control areas may be a good way to implement a regional (zonal) reactive power market. The analysis will also investigate the possible consequences of delaying the network development planned by the Italian TSO.
{"title":"Definition of a zonal reactive power market based on the adoption of a hierarchical voltage control","authors":"F. Careri, C. Genesi, P. Marannino, M. Montagna, S. Rossi, I. Siviero","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2010.5558672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2010.5558672","url":null,"abstract":"The overall purpose of the paper is to suggest a suitable methodology of valuing the reactive power support in a deregulated electricity market from the point of view of Transmission System Operator (TSO). The valorization of the reactive resource available in a grid bus will be determined by means of an Optimal Reactive Power Flow (ORPF) procedure, which pursues both economic and security criteria. The methodology has been applied to a detailed model of the EHV Italian system with reference to a 2010 peak load condition and to a medium term forecast scenario (target year 2014). The results will show that an adequate Hierarchical Voltage Control (HVC) framework and above all a suitable definition of control areas may be a good way to implement a regional (zonal) reactive power market. The analysis will also investigate the possible consequences of delaying the network development planned by the Italian TSO.","PeriodicalId":310310,"journal":{"name":"2010 7th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116706503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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