Pub Date : 2010-06-23DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2010.5558775
P. Sánchez-Martín
This paper describes a strategic information platform developed for the German electric utility Eon, to provide historical bidding analysis and medium-term forecasting of the Iberian Electricity Market. This platform, PLAMER, has three main modules: Initialization module, consisting of different sub-modules to define the electrical system structure and to organize the input data of the rest of modules, PLAMER-bids, to read, aggregate and visualize market historical bids and also to prepare them for their future forecasted values, and PLAMER-clearing, for market clearing emulation using forecasted bids. PLAMER-clearing models the Iberian market based on a bid clearing mechanism with an inherent market splitting procedure. This market splitting is built with a bi-nodal simplification, one node representing the Spanish System and the other the Portuguese one. Both are simply connected by a unique equivalent interconnection line. The medium term clearing model uses a generation portfolio per generation company in terms of technologies, for supplying monthly demand for different load levels, and labour and non-labour periods. Some technical constraints, such as minimum outputs and pumping energy balance, are also taking into account. The mathematical problem of PLAMER-clearing is a quadratic programming model solved using GAMS language and CPLEX optimizer. Finally, a real Iberian case study is detailed and some market splitting outputs are analyzed.
{"title":"PLAMER: Information system for bids analysis and forecasting of the Iberian Electricity Market","authors":"P. Sánchez-Martín","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2010.5558775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2010.5558775","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a strategic information platform developed for the German electric utility Eon, to provide historical bidding analysis and medium-term forecasting of the Iberian Electricity Market. This platform, PLAMER, has three main modules: Initialization module, consisting of different sub-modules to define the electrical system structure and to organize the input data of the rest of modules, PLAMER-bids, to read, aggregate and visualize market historical bids and also to prepare them for their future forecasted values, and PLAMER-clearing, for market clearing emulation using forecasted bids. PLAMER-clearing models the Iberian market based on a bid clearing mechanism with an inherent market splitting procedure. This market splitting is built with a bi-nodal simplification, one node representing the Spanish System and the other the Portuguese one. Both are simply connected by a unique equivalent interconnection line. The medium term clearing model uses a generation portfolio per generation company in terms of technologies, for supplying monthly demand for different load levels, and labour and non-labour periods. Some technical constraints, such as minimum outputs and pumping energy balance, are also taking into account. The mathematical problem of PLAMER-clearing is a quadratic programming model solved using GAMS language and CPLEX optimizer. Finally, a real Iberian case study is detailed and some market splitting outputs are analyzed.","PeriodicalId":310310,"journal":{"name":"2010 7th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129837764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-23DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2010.5558750
M. Peikherfeh, M. Abapour, M. Parsa Moghaddam, A. Namdari
In this paper, the effect of FACTS devices for provision of voltage control ancillary service and allocation of these devices for fair and equitable procurement of reactive power is considered. In the proposed real-time market, the participants submit their offer to system operator and the best combination of participants for procuring of required reactive power are selected. The IEEE 39-bus network is used to illustrate how the proposed method has efficient role in minimizing the cost of reactive power procurement and maximizing the social welfare and distance to voltage stability margins.
{"title":"Optimal allocation of FACTS devices for provision of voltage control ancillary services","authors":"M. Peikherfeh, M. Abapour, M. Parsa Moghaddam, A. Namdari","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2010.5558750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2010.5558750","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the effect of FACTS devices for provision of voltage control ancillary service and allocation of these devices for fair and equitable procurement of reactive power is considered. In the proposed real-time market, the participants submit their offer to system operator and the best combination of participants for procuring of required reactive power are selected. The IEEE 39-bus network is used to illustrate how the proposed method has efficient role in minimizing the cost of reactive power procurement and maximizing the social welfare and distance to voltage stability margins.","PeriodicalId":310310,"journal":{"name":"2010 7th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128823897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-23DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2010.5558718
L. Wehinger, M. Galus, G. Andersson
An agent-based model is applied to model the German electricity wholesale market with its four major German utility companies. The model is utilized to assess base and peak power spot prices for scenarios implying doubling or tripling wind generation capacity in Germany. Furthermore, the effect of 8 million Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs), incorporating different charging/discharging patterns, on spot prices is evaluated. In the model the power generating units within the utilities are modeled by agents. These agents are trained to increase their profits by using a reinforcement learning approach combined with a genetic algorithm resulting in heuristically optimized bidding strategies. This approach allows to take into account strategic market behavior and the exercise of market power when analyzing future wind expansion and wide scale PHEV adoption scenarios. The wind generation is considered as an exogenous input to the model which estimates potential electricity prices and total cost for consumers.
{"title":"Agent-based simulator for the German electricity wholesale market including wind power generation and widescale PHEV adoption","authors":"L. Wehinger, M. Galus, G. Andersson","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2010.5558718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2010.5558718","url":null,"abstract":"An agent-based model is applied to model the German electricity wholesale market with its four major German utility companies. The model is utilized to assess base and peak power spot prices for scenarios implying doubling or tripling wind generation capacity in Germany. Furthermore, the effect of 8 million Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs), incorporating different charging/discharging patterns, on spot prices is evaluated. In the model the power generating units within the utilities are modeled by agents. These agents are trained to increase their profits by using a reinforcement learning approach combined with a genetic algorithm resulting in heuristically optimized bidding strategies. This approach allows to take into account strategic market behavior and the exercise of market power when analyzing future wind expansion and wide scale PHEV adoption scenarios. The wind generation is considered as an exogenous input to the model which estimates potential electricity prices and total cost for consumers.","PeriodicalId":310310,"journal":{"name":"2010 7th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127561906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-23DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2010.5558710
Matej Rejc, M. Pantoš
In a competitive electricity market, system operators are required to procure certain ancillary services, which may among others include compensation of active-power losses. The compensation is most often done as a yearly, monthly and daily purchase of energy. The yearly and monthly bulk purchases do not take daily variations into account and daily purchases are required to cover the discrepancies between them. This requires an accurate and fast short-term forecasting method that has to be efficiently applicable in day-ahead markets. This paper presents a novel probabilistic short-term transmission-loss forecast method. Specifically, the method includes deterministic short-term load, generation and power transit forecasts as well as network configuration forecasts, which can be used for deterministic power-flow calculations to forecast transmission losses. However, the uncertainty of system loading conditions and inherent nonlinearities in power systems may cause inaccurate transmission-loss forecasts. By using deterministic forecasts, no additional information as to the possible forecast deviations can be given, as transmission losses do not show a clear correlation with these uncertainties. To account for the uncertainties, probabilistic power flow approach is proposed to define the probability distribution of the forecasted losses, which may help system operators to decide on the most efficient strategy on the day-ahead market. Hong's point-estimate method is used to solve the probabilistic power flow problem. The proposed approach has been verified by using real data for the ENTSO-E interconnection and tested for the Slovenian power system. The forecasting results demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach.
{"title":"Probabilistic short-term transmission-loss forecasting based on a two-point estimate method","authors":"Matej Rejc, M. Pantoš","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2010.5558710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2010.5558710","url":null,"abstract":"In a competitive electricity market, system operators are required to procure certain ancillary services, which may among others include compensation of active-power losses. The compensation is most often done as a yearly, monthly and daily purchase of energy. The yearly and monthly bulk purchases do not take daily variations into account and daily purchases are required to cover the discrepancies between them. This requires an accurate and fast short-term forecasting method that has to be efficiently applicable in day-ahead markets. This paper presents a novel probabilistic short-term transmission-loss forecast method. Specifically, the method includes deterministic short-term load, generation and power transit forecasts as well as network configuration forecasts, which can be used for deterministic power-flow calculations to forecast transmission losses. However, the uncertainty of system loading conditions and inherent nonlinearities in power systems may cause inaccurate transmission-loss forecasts. By using deterministic forecasts, no additional information as to the possible forecast deviations can be given, as transmission losses do not show a clear correlation with these uncertainties. To account for the uncertainties, probabilistic power flow approach is proposed to define the probability distribution of the forecasted losses, which may help system operators to decide on the most efficient strategy on the day-ahead market. Hong's point-estimate method is used to solve the probabilistic power flow problem. The proposed approach has been verified by using real data for the ENTSO-E interconnection and tested for the Slovenian power system. The forecasting results demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":310310,"journal":{"name":"2010 7th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127979186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-23DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2010.5558734
A. Roque, D. Sousa, C. Casimiro
In this paper, economic aspects of using micro-generation systems installed on a camping vehicle is described and discussed. The economic analysis is performed using solar irradiation data from three regions of Spain (Barcelona, Malaga and Alicante) and one region of Portugal (Faro). Knowing that micro-generation systems using renewable energy can contribute significantly not only to reduce pollutant emissions but also to improve the energy balance of modern societies, this analysis takes into consideration the policies and legal issues in terms of energy market, micro-generation systems and hybrid electric vehicles.
{"title":"Economic analysis of using micro-generation systems on a camping vehicle in an Iberian context","authors":"A. Roque, D. Sousa, C. Casimiro","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2010.5558734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2010.5558734","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, economic aspects of using micro-generation systems installed on a camping vehicle is described and discussed. The economic analysis is performed using solar irradiation data from three regions of Spain (Barcelona, Malaga and Alicante) and one region of Portugal (Faro). Knowing that micro-generation systems using renewable energy can contribute significantly not only to reduce pollutant emissions but also to improve the energy balance of modern societies, this analysis takes into consideration the policies and legal issues in terms of energy market, micro-generation systems and hybrid electric vehicles.","PeriodicalId":310310,"journal":{"name":"2010 7th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115258726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-23DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2010.5558746
A. Zani, A. Grassi, M. Benini
In the last decade, energy security has gained importance due to the high dependence of industrialized economies on energy consumption and to the increased risks of disruption in supply. In order to provide quantitative inputs to decision makers, a pan-European scenario analysis for the year 2015 has been carried out concerning the effects of a winter gas supply shortage in Italy, where a large share of electricity generation is based on natural gas as primary fuel. The objective of the analysis is a quantitative assessment of the impact of the considered Italian gas shortage on the European power system, from the point of view of security of supply, competitiveness and sustainability, i.e. the three “pillars” of the EU energy policy. The results of the study show that the availability of a significant national gas storage capacity, together with fuel switching capability and greater cross-border transmission capacity in the power sector are fundamental in order to assure security of electricity supply.
{"title":"A scenario analysis of a pan-European electricity market: Effects of a gas shortage in Italy","authors":"A. Zani, A. Grassi, M. Benini","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2010.5558746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2010.5558746","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decade, energy security has gained importance due to the high dependence of industrialized economies on energy consumption and to the increased risks of disruption in supply. In order to provide quantitative inputs to decision makers, a pan-European scenario analysis for the year 2015 has been carried out concerning the effects of a winter gas supply shortage in Italy, where a large share of electricity generation is based on natural gas as primary fuel. The objective of the analysis is a quantitative assessment of the impact of the considered Italian gas shortage on the European power system, from the point of view of security of supply, competitiveness and sustainability, i.e. the three “pillars” of the EU energy policy. The results of the study show that the availability of a significant national gas storage capacity, together with fuel switching capability and greater cross-border transmission capacity in the power sector are fundamental in order to assure security of electricity supply.","PeriodicalId":310310,"journal":{"name":"2010 7th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115472835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-23DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2010.5558759
R. Gajbhiye, S. Soman
Electricity sector is one of the major contributor of emission. Hence, any policy which restricts emission level will have significant impact on its functioning. As a consequence, electricity traders will have to actively participate in emission market. What it means is that electricity traders will have to trade in two separate markets, namely power and emission (or carbon). However, to be able to derive maximum benefit, trader should be able to accurately forecast prices in either of the markets. Alternatively, we propose a new scheme where emission trading is facilitated within power exchange (PX). This not only provides single trading platform for the traders but also ensures that maximum benefit is achieved for individually as well as collectively by utilizing available carbon credits optimally.
{"title":"Facilitating emission trade within power exchange: Development of conceptual platform","authors":"R. Gajbhiye, S. Soman","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2010.5558759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2010.5558759","url":null,"abstract":"Electricity sector is one of the major contributor of emission. Hence, any policy which restricts emission level will have significant impact on its functioning. As a consequence, electricity traders will have to actively participate in emission market. What it means is that electricity traders will have to trade in two separate markets, namely power and emission (or carbon). However, to be able to derive maximum benefit, trader should be able to accurately forecast prices in either of the markets. Alternatively, we propose a new scheme where emission trading is facilitated within power exchange (PX). This not only provides single trading platform for the traders but also ensures that maximum benefit is achieved for individually as well as collectively by utilizing available carbon credits optimally.","PeriodicalId":310310,"journal":{"name":"2010 7th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"56 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114014433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-23DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2010.5558723
B. Bosco, L. Parisio, M. Pelagatti
In this paper we examine the bidding behaviour of firm competing in the Italian wholesale electricity market where generators submit hourly supply schedule to sell power. We describe the institutional characteristics of the Italian market and derive generators' equilibrium bidding functions. We also discuss the main empirical strategies followed by the recent econometrical literature to obtain estimates of (unobservable) optimal bids. Then, we use individual bid data, quantity volumes and other control variables to compare actual bidding behaviour to theoretical benchmarks of profit maximization. We obtain estimates of generators' costs to be used in conjunction with hourly market equilibrium prices to derive some measures of the extent of market power in the Italian electricity sector and of its exploitation by firms.
{"title":"Estimating marginal costs and market power in the Italian electricity auctions","authors":"B. Bosco, L. Parisio, M. Pelagatti","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2010.5558723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2010.5558723","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we examine the bidding behaviour of firm competing in the Italian wholesale electricity market where generators submit hourly supply schedule to sell power. We describe the institutional characteristics of the Italian market and derive generators' equilibrium bidding functions. We also discuss the main empirical strategies followed by the recent econometrical literature to obtain estimates of (unobservable) optimal bids. Then, we use individual bid data, quantity volumes and other control variables to compare actual bidding behaviour to theoretical benchmarks of profit maximization. We obtain estimates of generators' costs to be used in conjunction with hourly market equilibrium prices to derive some measures of the extent of market power in the Italian electricity sector and of its exploitation by firms.","PeriodicalId":310310,"journal":{"name":"2010 7th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115168317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-23DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2010.5558781
Zita Marossy
Spot electricity prices are found to be heteroscedastic in the literature. In this paper I analyze the sources of heteroscedasticity. The heteroscedasticity is measured with the autocorrelation function of the squared residuals. I will show that the heteroscedasticity effect consists of a deterministic and a stochastic part. I decompose the heteroscedasticity of power prices into three factors according to the origin of heteroscedasticity: seasonality; long memory; and GARCH behavior. I model the effects of intraweekly seasonality by using the so-called GEV filtering procedure. After removing the deterministic heteroscedasticity, the remaining heteroscedasticity can be described with a GARCH-type model. Empirical calculations show that seasonality incorporates a negative heteroscedasticity effect, i.e. the magnitude of heteroscedasticity increases after the seasonality filtering procedure.
{"title":"Sources of heteroscedasticity in the spot electricity price time series","authors":"Zita Marossy","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2010.5558781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2010.5558781","url":null,"abstract":"Spot electricity prices are found to be heteroscedastic in the literature. In this paper I analyze the sources of heteroscedasticity. The heteroscedasticity is measured with the autocorrelation function of the squared residuals. I will show that the heteroscedasticity effect consists of a deterministic and a stochastic part. I decompose the heteroscedasticity of power prices into three factors according to the origin of heteroscedasticity: seasonality; long memory; and GARCH behavior. I model the effects of intraweekly seasonality by using the so-called GEV filtering procedure. After removing the deterministic heteroscedasticity, the remaining heteroscedasticity can be described with a GARCH-type model. Empirical calculations show that seasonality incorporates a negative heteroscedasticity effect, i.e. the magnitude of heteroscedasticity increases after the seasonality filtering procedure.","PeriodicalId":310310,"journal":{"name":"2010 7th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121052386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-23DOI: 10.1109/EEM.2010.5558726
Mustafa Momen, F. Galiana
This paper proposes a systematic approach to set the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission target in a generation mix planning model of a regulated power system. The emission target is obtained while minimizing the financial cost of electricity production over a given planning horizon. In this model, the total GHG emitted during this period is constrained by an upper bound. This bound is adjusted until the Lagrange multiplier of the constraint is as close as possible to the expected average market price of GHG emission. Since this Lagrange multiplier is chosen to neutralize incentives from the external emission market, the corresponding bound is then considered to be an appropriate GHG emission target for the power system. Lastly, a case study is presented in which the model is applied to a power system resembling that of Ontario over a planning period of ten years.
{"title":"Setting greenhouse gas emission target for a generation mix expansion model","authors":"Mustafa Momen, F. Galiana","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2010.5558726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2010.5558726","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a systematic approach to set the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission target in a generation mix planning model of a regulated power system. The emission target is obtained while minimizing the financial cost of electricity production over a given planning horizon. In this model, the total GHG emitted during this period is constrained by an upper bound. This bound is adjusted until the Lagrange multiplier of the constraint is as close as possible to the expected average market price of GHG emission. Since this Lagrange multiplier is chosen to neutralize incentives from the external emission market, the corresponding bound is then considered to be an appropriate GHG emission target for the power system. Lastly, a case study is presented in which the model is applied to a power system resembling that of Ontario over a planning period of ten years.","PeriodicalId":310310,"journal":{"name":"2010 7th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121258493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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