Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970329
Ricardo Anderson, Stascia Gordon, Gunjan Mansingh
Governments and agencies worldwide have used social welfare programmes as a means of improving the lives of vulnerable people. In Latin America and the Caribbean, conditional cash transfers (CCTs) have been used to change the dynamics of responsibility between state and beneficiary by instituting conditionalities. In order to maintain the integrity of these programmes, social workers are required to verify and monitor beneficiaries. These additional administrative requirements have resulted in a backlog of tasks and diminished service standards in CCTs. In this paper we examine how a data driven knowledge-based decision support system (DSS) can be used to reduce administrative tasks associated with these programmes. A case study of the PATH CCT programme in Jamaica was used to evaluate the DSS. The findings suggest that significant and measurable benefits can be gained from the use of this decision support system in specific areas of the programme's administration. These benefits include: reduction in time and resources needed in the verification of applicants and potential cost savings from resource reallocation. The applicability of the DSS to the PATH programme provides a benchmark that can be adopted by other CCTs across the world.
{"title":"An assessment of the potential impacts of knowledge-driven decision support in social welfare","authors":"Ricardo Anderson, Stascia Gordon, Gunjan Mansingh","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970329","url":null,"abstract":"Governments and agencies worldwide have used social welfare programmes as a means of improving the lives of vulnerable people. In Latin America and the Caribbean, conditional cash transfers (CCTs) have been used to change the dynamics of responsibility between state and beneficiary by instituting conditionalities. In order to maintain the integrity of these programmes, social workers are required to verify and monitor beneficiaries. These additional administrative requirements have resulted in a backlog of tasks and diminished service standards in CCTs. In this paper we examine how a data driven knowledge-based decision support system (DSS) can be used to reduce administrative tasks associated with these programmes. A case study of the PATH CCT programme in Jamaica was used to evaluate the DSS. The findings suggest that significant and measurable benefits can be gained from the use of this decision support system in specific areas of the programme's administration. These benefits include: reduction in time and resources needed in the verification of applicants and potential cost savings from resource reallocation. The applicability of the DSS to the PATH programme provides a benchmark that can be adopted by other CCTs across the world.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115073751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970269
Andre Kakiuthi, Rafael Tsuji Matsuyama, F. Pimentel, Thiago Matheus Martins de Moraes
The demand for engineers has always been high in growing countries, however, the world's seventh largest economy, Brazil, is still far from being one of the places with highest development in engineering. Through the normal curricula, high school students often learn theory only and investment is not made in the practical part, as a consequence the interest in engineering is low. Creating a design focused on the practical application of basic concepts of mathematics, physics and chemistry using simple materials and with an easy access to high school students is really important, as the goal is to get them interested in the field of science and technology and this action will improve their quality of life. The motivation and realization of an engineer will cause changes to society. The development of humanitarian engineering projects can help in the reduction of the number of social problems such as slums, sanitary issues - which are very common in global cities like São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro - and water shortage - this kind of problem happens in cities located in the Brazilian Northeast Region - as there isn't a proper water distribution system..
{"title":"Improving science education through new perspectives","authors":"Andre Kakiuthi, Rafael Tsuji Matsuyama, F. Pimentel, Thiago Matheus Martins de Moraes","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970269","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for engineers has always been high in growing countries, however, the world's seventh largest economy, Brazil, is still far from being one of the places with highest development in engineering. Through the normal curricula, high school students often learn theory only and investment is not made in the practical part, as a consequence the interest in engineering is low. Creating a design focused on the practical application of basic concepts of mathematics, physics and chemistry using simple materials and with an easy access to high school students is really important, as the goal is to get them interested in the field of science and technology and this action will improve their quality of life. The motivation and realization of an engineer will cause changes to society. The development of humanitarian engineering projects can help in the reduction of the number of social problems such as slums, sanitary issues - which are very common in global cities like São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro - and water shortage - this kind of problem happens in cities located in the Brazilian Northeast Region - as there isn't a proper water distribution system..","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124519268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970270
B. Anand, A. Venus, M. Srinivasan, Arun Noel Victor, K. Madhuri, S. P. S. Rakshaa, Vineeth Vijayaraghavan, Kartik Kulkarni
Quality education leading to potential employment is essential for the growth of a nation. This still remains a challenge in India despite much contemporary technological advancement. It is also an evident fact that, the major hiring sectors like IT and manufacturing are facing a slow-down and hence an immediate impact on unemployment. The issue of excess of educated unemployed students must be addressed, else might hamper the growth rate of the nation further. The IEEE Madras Section (IEEE-MAS) Special Interest Group on Humanitarian Technology (SIGHT) partnering with a Non-Government Organization (NGO) picked the opportunity to address this looming issue through hands-on training in Solar Engineering given the vast potential in India. Unlike the Computer Based Training (CBT) carried out by many Information Technology (IT) organizations today, we fabricated a locale-specific content based on inputs from various stake-holders, including the beneficiaries. We conducted training-cum-workshop of solar lamps to provide an insight into the fundamentals of solar energy to students. This was followed by a two-week online mentoring session where, tutors where availble to mentor the participants develop their own models for the subseuent contest that was held after this program. This framework was adopted to test the efficacy of the workshop. The participation in the contest the by student who attended the workshop, validated the need for a holistic skill development approch. We describe the details of the Content Development Framework and Methodology of this successful program in this paper.
{"title":"Local Content Development Framework and Methodology for knowledge and skill development: IEEE Madras Section SIGHT case study","authors":"B. Anand, A. Venus, M. Srinivasan, Arun Noel Victor, K. Madhuri, S. P. S. Rakshaa, Vineeth Vijayaraghavan, Kartik Kulkarni","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970270","url":null,"abstract":"Quality education leading to potential employment is essential for the growth of a nation. This still remains a challenge in India despite much contemporary technological advancement. It is also an evident fact that, the major hiring sectors like IT and manufacturing are facing a slow-down and hence an immediate impact on unemployment. The issue of excess of educated unemployed students must be addressed, else might hamper the growth rate of the nation further. The IEEE Madras Section (IEEE-MAS) Special Interest Group on Humanitarian Technology (SIGHT) partnering with a Non-Government Organization (NGO) picked the opportunity to address this looming issue through hands-on training in Solar Engineering given the vast potential in India. Unlike the Computer Based Training (CBT) carried out by many Information Technology (IT) organizations today, we fabricated a locale-specific content based on inputs from various stake-holders, including the beneficiaries. We conducted training-cum-workshop of solar lamps to provide an insight into the fundamentals of solar energy to students. This was followed by a two-week online mentoring session where, tutors where availble to mentor the participants develop their own models for the subseuent contest that was held after this program. This framework was adopted to test the efficacy of the workshop. The participation in the contest the by student who attended the workshop, validated the need for a holistic skill development approch. We describe the details of the Content Development Framework and Methodology of this successful program in this paper.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123018456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970338
Kelly B. Ebels, C. Clerk, C. Crudder, S. McGray, Kendall Magnuson, Kathy Tietje, P. Labarre
In malaria-eliminating regions, a large proportion of ongoing transmission is attributed to low-density and subclinical infections that cannot be readily detected by currently available diagnostic tools. Accordingly, passive case detection strategies that dominate the focus of control programs need to be augmented by active infection detection (ID) tactics and more accurate diagnostic tools in an elimination context. To address this need, we are developing a target product profile (TPP) for a diagnostic test intended for use in active ID settings. To ensure the TPP incorporates the needs of users and the contexts in which active ID is implemented, we conducted field research in five representative countries across the spectrum of regional programs ranging from control to elimination. Using ethnographic interviewing, we gained an understanding of the contexts in which the test will be used and the constraints users encounter in successfully conducting active ID efforts. These findings inform the TPP and provide insight into operational conditions that must be addressed in parallel to product development. The results provide clear guidance for programmatic and technical initiatives, ensuring development and validation of innovative tools and tactics aimed at supporting successful elimination campaigns are well grounded in the needs identified by users.
{"title":"Incorporating user needs into product development for improved infection detection for malaria elimination programs","authors":"Kelly B. Ebels, C. Clerk, C. Crudder, S. McGray, Kendall Magnuson, Kathy Tietje, P. Labarre","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970338","url":null,"abstract":"In malaria-eliminating regions, a large proportion of ongoing transmission is attributed to low-density and subclinical infections that cannot be readily detected by currently available diagnostic tools. Accordingly, passive case detection strategies that dominate the focus of control programs need to be augmented by active infection detection (ID) tactics and more accurate diagnostic tools in an elimination context. To address this need, we are developing a target product profile (TPP) for a diagnostic test intended for use in active ID settings. To ensure the TPP incorporates the needs of users and the contexts in which active ID is implemented, we conducted field research in five representative countries across the spectrum of regional programs ranging from control to elimination. Using ethnographic interviewing, we gained an understanding of the contexts in which the test will be used and the constraints users encounter in successfully conducting active ID efforts. These findings inform the TPP and provide insight into operational conditions that must be addressed in parallel to product development. The results provide clear guidance for programmatic and technical initiatives, ensuring development and validation of innovative tools and tactics aimed at supporting successful elimination campaigns are well grounded in the needs identified by users.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131424673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970285
V. Hall, Eric Geise, Nasser Kashou
Two major objectives were (1) to design and build a compact, light-weight incubator; (2) to incorporate solar panel(s) to power the incubator. The design culminated in a portable, readily powered, low-cost incubator of which can be implemented in a third-world environment. An incubator, used to help an infant maintain a stable temperature, is a precious tool in the presence of high premature birth rates and is essential for combating infant mortality. These issues plague developing areas of Africa, where the final design has been implemented. The structural design of the incubator focused on portability and durability of the invention. Conversion of an on-the-market product (luggage) was used for the base of the incubator. A pop-up ”tent” design comprised the vestibule of the incubator. Collapsible, lightweight supports held up a tent-like cover made of clear, washable plastic, and also supported two heaters. The two DC heaters were powered by main-line power when available and also powered by a battery, which was charged by a solar panel. The heaters are capable of maintaining a steady 34-37°C temperature range within the incubator. This design has the power to decrease infant mortality rates in third-world countries by being an easily accessible, life-saving invention powered by an abundant, natural resource.
{"title":"The IncuLight: Solar-powered infant incubator","authors":"V. Hall, Eric Geise, Nasser Kashou","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970285","url":null,"abstract":"Two major objectives were (1) to design and build a compact, light-weight incubator; (2) to incorporate solar panel(s) to power the incubator. The design culminated in a portable, readily powered, low-cost incubator of which can be implemented in a third-world environment. An incubator, used to help an infant maintain a stable temperature, is a precious tool in the presence of high premature birth rates and is essential for combating infant mortality. These issues plague developing areas of Africa, where the final design has been implemented. The structural design of the incubator focused on portability and durability of the invention. Conversion of an on-the-market product (luggage) was used for the base of the incubator. A pop-up ”tent” design comprised the vestibule of the incubator. Collapsible, lightweight supports held up a tent-like cover made of clear, washable plastic, and also supported two heaters. The two DC heaters were powered by main-line power when available and also powered by a battery, which was charged by a solar panel. The heaters are capable of maintaining a steady 34-37°C temperature range within the incubator. This design has the power to decrease infant mortality rates in third-world countries by being an easily accessible, life-saving invention powered by an abundant, natural resource.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128370590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970254
O. Mueller, E. Mueller
Fully electric cars are now available. This technology offers exciting opportunities, especially to citizens of developing countries in equatorial regions having high concentrations of solar energy. The major motivation behind adoption of electric vehicles is reduced CO2 output. However, most electric vehicle batteries are charged by electrical grids powered by coal and oil, which themselves produce significant amounts of CO2. Charging electric vehicles with solar energy can dramatically reduce CO2 generation. The authors have demonstrated a low-cost electric vehicle charging station using 4 solar panels of 255 watts each, batteries, a charge controller, and an inverter. For 3 months, a SMART Electric Drive automobile was successfully charged using only solar energy. The proposed “Sun-Car System” presents a low-cost opportunity for poorer populations such as those found on Indian reservations in the southwestern United States and tribal Africa. Community-owned electric vehicles could be charged solely with solar power. The demonstrated off-grid solar charging system is relatively low-cost, and would not require an electrical grid or an expensive gasoline/diesel delivery infrastructure.
全电动汽车现在已经上市。这项技术提供了令人兴奋的机会，特别是对太阳能高度集中的赤道地区发展中国家的公民。采用电动汽车的主要动机是减少二氧化碳的排放。然而，大多数电动汽车的电池都是由煤炭和石油供电的电网充电的，这些电网本身就会产生大量的二氧化碳。用太阳能给电动汽车充电可以大大减少二氧化碳的产生。作者展示了一个低成本的电动汽车充电站，该充电站使用4块255瓦的太阳能电池板、电池、充电控制器和逆变器。在3个月的时间里，一辆SMART Electric Drive汽车成功地只使用太阳能充电。拟议中的“太阳-汽车系统”为生活在美国西南部印第安人保留地和非洲部落的穷人提供了一个低成本的机会。社区拥有的电动汽车可以完全用太阳能充电。演示的离网太阳能充电系统成本相对较低，不需要电网或昂贵的汽油/柴油输送基础设施。
{"title":"Off-grid, low-cost, electrical sun-car system for developing countries","authors":"O. Mueller, E. Mueller","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970254","url":null,"abstract":"Fully electric cars are now available. This technology offers exciting opportunities, especially to citizens of developing countries in equatorial regions having high concentrations of solar energy. The major motivation behind adoption of electric vehicles is reduced CO2 output. However, most electric vehicle batteries are charged by electrical grids powered by coal and oil, which themselves produce significant amounts of CO2. Charging electric vehicles with solar energy can dramatically reduce CO2 generation. The authors have demonstrated a low-cost electric vehicle charging station using 4 solar panels of 255 watts each, batteries, a charge controller, and an inverter. For 3 months, a SMART Electric Drive automobile was successfully charged using only solar energy. The proposed “Sun-Car System” presents a low-cost opportunity for poorer populations such as those found on Indian reservations in the southwestern United States and tribal Africa. Community-owned electric vehicles could be charged solely with solar power. The demonstrated off-grid solar charging system is relatively low-cost, and would not require an electrical grid or an expensive gasoline/diesel delivery infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"307 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115876488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970337
Holly Cardillo, J. Kohler, Ellie Kriner, Khanjan Mehta
Skin diseases such as Tinea Capitis, Scabies and Erythrasma are serious and common problems in developing countries. Unfortunately they are often overlooked and left untreated, causing extreme discomfort to those afflicted. Their contagious nature is also compromising to community health as a whole. Early detection of opportunistic infections often leads to the diagnosis of more serious immuno-compromising diseases such as HIV. This article investigates the feasibility of using a UV light source called Wood's Lamp to detect the presence of select fungal, bacterial and parasitic skin infections. A Wood's Lamp is based on fluorescence - the phenomenon by which light excites valence electrons in certain fungi and bacteria and results in a fluorescent emission visible to the naked eye. Traditional Wood's Lamps use UV tube lights that are fragile and unsuitable for the harsh operating environments of developing countries. The recent emergence of UV LED-based lamps has led to compact, ruggedized and low-cost devices with good contrast that can be used by low-skilled health workers. This article synthesizes the capabilities and applications of this proven effective yet underutilized technology and illustrates how it can be integrated into fledgling healthcare systems in developing countries.
{"title":"Applications of Wood's Lamp technology to detect skin infections in resource-constrained settings","authors":"Holly Cardillo, J. Kohler, Ellie Kriner, Khanjan Mehta","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970337","url":null,"abstract":"Skin diseases such as Tinea Capitis, Scabies and Erythrasma are serious and common problems in developing countries. Unfortunately they are often overlooked and left untreated, causing extreme discomfort to those afflicted. Their contagious nature is also compromising to community health as a whole. Early detection of opportunistic infections often leads to the diagnosis of more serious immuno-compromising diseases such as HIV. This article investigates the feasibility of using a UV light source called Wood's Lamp to detect the presence of select fungal, bacterial and parasitic skin infections. A Wood's Lamp is based on fluorescence - the phenomenon by which light excites valence electrons in certain fungi and bacteria and results in a fluorescent emission visible to the naked eye. Traditional Wood's Lamps use UV tube lights that are fragile and unsuitable for the harsh operating environments of developing countries. The recent emergence of UV LED-based lamps has led to compact, ruggedized and low-cost devices with good contrast that can be used by low-skilled health workers. This article synthesizes the capabilities and applications of this proven effective yet underutilized technology and illustrates how it can be integrated into fledgling healthcare systems in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116028410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970350
Manil Poudyal, Alexander Cranney, M. Jones, Randy S. Lewis
This paper presents the results of an investigation of the impact of co-firing a traditional Peruvian biomass cookstove with biogas on emissions and on combustion efficiency. The impact of using a fan to increase the airflow into the combustion zone with was also assessed. The cookstove was tested (1) without co-firing and without the fan, (2) with co-firing and without the fan, (3) without co-firing and with the fan and (4) with co-firing and with the fan. Time-resolved measurements of the concentrations of CO, CO2 and particulate matter were measured during each test. These data were used with measurement of the temperature of the water in the cooking pot and with measurement of the mass of water that evaporated during the test to calculate various cookstove performance parameters. Results obtained in this study indicate that using a fan and co-firing the cookstove with biogas improves performance. Compared to the baseline, (2), (3), and (4) reduced CO emissions by 32%, 35%, and 58%, respectively. Particulate emissions were reduced by 33%, 39%, and 71%, and the modified combustion efficiency increased by 1.3%, 1.1%, and 2.8%, respectively. These results suggest that relatively simple modifications significantly improve indoor air quality in homes where these stoves are used and reduce the impact use of this stove has on the environment.
{"title":"Impact of co-firing a traditional Peruvian biomass cookstove with biogas on emissions and combustion efficiency","authors":"Manil Poudyal, Alexander Cranney, M. Jones, Randy S. Lewis","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970350","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of an investigation of the impact of co-firing a traditional Peruvian biomass cookstove with biogas on emissions and on combustion efficiency. The impact of using a fan to increase the airflow into the combustion zone with was also assessed. The cookstove was tested (1) without co-firing and without the fan, (2) with co-firing and without the fan, (3) without co-firing and with the fan and (4) with co-firing and with the fan. Time-resolved measurements of the concentrations of CO, CO2 and particulate matter were measured during each test. These data were used with measurement of the temperature of the water in the cooking pot and with measurement of the mass of water that evaporated during the test to calculate various cookstove performance parameters. Results obtained in this study indicate that using a fan and co-firing the cookstove with biogas improves performance. Compared to the baseline, (2), (3), and (4) reduced CO emissions by 32%, 35%, and 58%, respectively. Particulate emissions were reduced by 33%, 39%, and 71%, and the modified combustion efficiency increased by 1.3%, 1.1%, and 2.8%, respectively. These results suggest that relatively simple modifications significantly improve indoor air quality in homes where these stoves are used and reduce the impact use of this stove has on the environment.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121491176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970319
Adetunji Sunmonu, Brain Leke-Betechuoh
A major problem besetting sub Sahara Africa is the non-availability of information of the exact problem being faced by the people in rural areas. There have been serious efforts both by the government (local/international) and international donor agencies to tackle these problems head on by providing infrastructure development, affordable health care delivery and education of the populace. Despite all these efforts, little has been achieved in terms of impact of such initiatives on the populace. These failures can be attributed to the paucity of information about the actual needs of the people, the ineffective or misappropriation of resources due to corruption and inadequate monitoring of developmental projects. This paper seeks to aggregate disparate data from different sources and present it in a way that makes it possible for projects to be monitored. It will also allow for decision making by government and non-governmental organizations to be easy. The data is presented in a map showing efforts of each body on a regional level and even to the district level. This means feedback can be gotten from the people directly affected. This way, efforts can be directed to the exact area(s) they have identified. The performance of each project can also be evaluated while forensic analysis can be carried out on any seemingly failing project.
{"title":"People driven technology solution: A Uganda example","authors":"Adetunji Sunmonu, Brain Leke-Betechuoh","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970319","url":null,"abstract":"A major problem besetting sub Sahara Africa is the non-availability of information of the exact problem being faced by the people in rural areas. There have been serious efforts both by the government (local/international) and international donor agencies to tackle these problems head on by providing infrastructure development, affordable health care delivery and education of the populace. Despite all these efforts, little has been achieved in terms of impact of such initiatives on the populace. These failures can be attributed to the paucity of information about the actual needs of the people, the ineffective or misappropriation of resources due to corruption and inadequate monitoring of developmental projects. This paper seeks to aggregate disparate data from different sources and present it in a way that makes it possible for projects to be monitored. It will also allow for decision making by government and non-governmental organizations to be easy. The data is presented in a map showing efforts of each body on a regional level and even to the district level. This means feedback can be gotten from the people directly affected. This way, efforts can be directed to the exact area(s) they have identified. The performance of each project can also be evaluated while forensic analysis can be carried out on any seemingly failing project.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123792865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970253
Mahmoud Kabalan, B. Anabaraonye
One of the crucial steps in meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) is access to reliable and affordable energy. The majority of the people without access to clean and reliable energy sources live in rural areas. The advent of renewable energy technologies, such as solar photovoltaic (PV), wind and micro-hydroelectricity has allowed electricity to be generated independently of the national utility grid. The sustainability of such off-grid energy projects is crucial to foster socio-economic development of these local communities. Many studies have addressed the sustainability of rural electrification projects post-completion using indicators. However, these studies are fairly extensive and do not provide pre-implementation insights into the best rural electrification technology. In this study, we present a more holistic approach to decision making by analyzing two off-grid renewable technologies - solar photovoltaic (PV) and micro-hydroelectricity (MH) using a village in Ifugao Province in the Philippines as a case study. An analysis of social, technical, environment, economic and political (STEEP) dimensions that impact the success of the project is presented. A measure of the technology's potential to bring about positive change, termed total impact (TI), is estimated. Micro-hydroelectricity was projected to be a better alternative in this location.
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