Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970256
Mou Riiny
Village Help for South Sudan in collaboration with IEEE's Community Solutions Initiative (CSI) and private donors are striving to create a sustainable business model for rural electrification in South Sudan, one of Africa's least developed countries. The pilot project is a combination of Mini-grid PV system with Portable Battery Kits (PBKs) as a means of delivering electricity to remote regions. The 4.2 Kilowatt PV system will have a Mini-grid to connect customers living within range; it will also be used as a charging station for PBKs that are used by customers not able to connect to the grid. The Mini-grid, which is most commonly used to bring electricity to remote areas does have drawbacks in its limited capability and reach beyond a few hundred meters. The PBK model developed by IEEE's CSI has the advantage of its great portability, allowing customers to charge their portable batteries at the main station and take them to light their home and charge small electronics such as cell phones and radios. A single PBK, however, has very limited power reserve and does not deliver any AC Power often required to power many electronics. The goal of this pilot is to test the effectiveness, scalability, and business sustainability of delivering electricity to remote regions of the world using the hybrid model of Mini-grid and PBKs.
{"title":"South sudan rural electrification project the hybrid mini-grid & PBK project","authors":"Mou Riiny","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970256","url":null,"abstract":"Village Help for South Sudan in collaboration with IEEE's Community Solutions Initiative (CSI) and private donors are striving to create a sustainable business model for rural electrification in South Sudan, one of Africa's least developed countries. The pilot project is a combination of Mini-grid PV system with Portable Battery Kits (PBKs) as a means of delivering electricity to remote regions. The 4.2 Kilowatt PV system will have a Mini-grid to connect customers living within range; it will also be used as a charging station for PBKs that are used by customers not able to connect to the grid. The Mini-grid, which is most commonly used to bring electricity to remote areas does have drawbacks in its limited capability and reach beyond a few hundred meters. The PBK model developed by IEEE's CSI has the advantage of its great portability, allowing customers to charge their portable batteries at the main station and take them to light their home and charge small electronics such as cell phones and radios. A single PBK, however, has very limited power reserve and does not deliver any AC Power often required to power many electronics. The goal of this pilot is to test the effectiveness, scalability, and business sustainability of delivering electricity to remote regions of the world using the hybrid model of Mini-grid and PBKs.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"162 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115265870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970315
S. Voigt, E. Schoepfer, C. Fourie, A. Mager
Very high resolution satellite imagery used to be a rare commodity, with infrequent satellite pass-over times over a specific area-of-interest obviating many useful applications. Today, more and more such satellite systems are available, with visual analysis and interpretation of imagery still important to derive relevant features and changes from satellite data. In order to allow efficient, robust and routine image analysis for humanitarian purposes, semi-automated feature extraction is of increasing importance for operational emergency mapping tasks. In the frame of the European Earth Observation program COPERNICUS and related research activities under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program, substantial scientific developments and mapping services are dedicated to satellite based humanitarian mapping and monitoring. In this paper, recent results in methodological research and development of routine services in satellite mapping for humanitarian situational awareness are reviewed and discussed. Ethical aspects of sensitivity and security of humanitarian mapping are deliberated. Furthermore methods for monitoring and analysis of refugee/internally displaced persons camps in humanitarian settings are assessed. Advantages and limitations of object-based image analysis, sample supervised segmentation and feature extraction are presented and discussed.
{"title":"Towards semi-automated satellite mapping for humanitarian situational awareness","authors":"S. Voigt, E. Schoepfer, C. Fourie, A. Mager","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970315","url":null,"abstract":"Very high resolution satellite imagery used to be a rare commodity, with infrequent satellite pass-over times over a specific area-of-interest obviating many useful applications. Today, more and more such satellite systems are available, with visual analysis and interpretation of imagery still important to derive relevant features and changes from satellite data. In order to allow efficient, robust and routine image analysis for humanitarian purposes, semi-automated feature extraction is of increasing importance for operational emergency mapping tasks. In the frame of the European Earth Observation program COPERNICUS and related research activities under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program, substantial scientific developments and mapping services are dedicated to satellite based humanitarian mapping and monitoring. In this paper, recent results in methodological research and development of routine services in satellite mapping for humanitarian situational awareness are reviewed and discussed. Ethical aspects of sensitivity and security of humanitarian mapping are deliberated. Furthermore methods for monitoring and analysis of refugee/internally displaced persons camps in humanitarian settings are assessed. Advantages and limitations of object-based image analysis, sample supervised segmentation and feature extraction are presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"220 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123064102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970343
John-Thones Amenyo, Danielle O. Phelps, O. Oladipo, Folly Sewovoe-Ekuoe, Sangeeta Jadoonanan, Sandeep Jadoonanan, Tahseen Tabassum, Salim Gnabode, Tanging D. Sherpa, Michael Falzone, A. Hossain, Aerren Kublal
The goal of the MedizDroid Project is to research the affordable and sustainable use of aerial platforms (UAV, UAS, MAVs, drones, multi-copters and multi-rotors), briefly malaria mosquito control drones, for mosquito vector control and suppression. Mosquitoes are vectors for several diseases including malaria, Chikungunya, dengue fever, lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis), West Nile virus disease, and yellow fever. Therefore, for each infectious disease, a very important aspect of integrated disease management is vector control. Current methods of mosquito control include using: a) Screens; b) Repellents; c) Insecticide treated bed nets (LLINs, ITNs, INs); d) Indoor residual spraying (IRS); e) Outdoor residual spraying (ORS): treatment of resting sites; f) Larval source management (LSM):treatment of breeding sites and water bodies; larviciding (LC); using biological controls (BC); g) Ultra-Low Volume (ULV) space spraying: aerial spraying; ground vehicle mounted spraying; h) External environment & habitat management, modification and manipulation (EHM*). The focus of the Project is the automation of IRS, ORS, LSM (and later EHM*), in developing affordable and sustainable drone-based systems that can be deployed in malaria endemic sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere. The current most realistic method of backpack spraying has many challenging issues. Currently the Project is at the stage of specifying, simulating and prototyping subsystems: heavy lift and long endurance UAVs using hybrid power; composite and parasite drones; electronically controllable vector control payloads; and structured software platforms and architectures.
{"title":"MedizDroids Project: Ultra-low cost, low-altitude, affordable and sustainable UAV multicopter drones for mosquito vector control in malaria disease management","authors":"John-Thones Amenyo, Danielle O. Phelps, O. Oladipo, Folly Sewovoe-Ekuoe, Sangeeta Jadoonanan, Sandeep Jadoonanan, Tahseen Tabassum, Salim Gnabode, Tanging D. Sherpa, Michael Falzone, A. Hossain, Aerren Kublal","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970343","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of the MedizDroid Project is to research the affordable and sustainable use of aerial platforms (UAV, UAS, MAVs, drones, multi-copters and multi-rotors), briefly malaria mosquito control drones, for mosquito vector control and suppression. Mosquitoes are vectors for several diseases including malaria, Chikungunya, dengue fever, lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis), West Nile virus disease, and yellow fever. Therefore, for each infectious disease, a very important aspect of integrated disease management is vector control. Current methods of mosquito control include using: a) Screens; b) Repellents; c) Insecticide treated bed nets (LLINs, ITNs, INs); d) Indoor residual spraying (IRS); e) Outdoor residual spraying (ORS): treatment of resting sites; f) Larval source management (LSM):treatment of breeding sites and water bodies; larviciding (LC); using biological controls (BC); g) Ultra-Low Volume (ULV) space spraying: aerial spraying; ground vehicle mounted spraying; h) External environment & habitat management, modification and manipulation (EHM*). The focus of the Project is the automation of IRS, ORS, LSM (and later EHM*), in developing affordable and sustainable drone-based systems that can be deployed in malaria endemic sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere. The current most realistic method of backpack spraying has many challenging issues. Currently the Project is at the stage of specifying, simulating and prototyping subsystems: heavy lift and long endurance UAVs using hybrid power; composite and parasite drones; electronically controllable vector control payloads; and structured software platforms and architectures.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"287 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121062024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970265
A. Opdyke, Amy Javernick‐Will
Effective coordination is essential for post-disaster reconstruction. Presently, however, there are relatively few tools to help organizations manage coordination and communication of post-disaster construction activities. Given the recent increase in use of social media platforms, we examine the use of Twitter following Super Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) in the Philippines. A network of organizations in the infrastructure sector is created to capture the coordination structure, as depicted through social media, analyze organizational messaging and determine key actors. A content analysis of tweets further examined emergent themes in the distribution of information through Twitter. This network perspective lends insight into future applications of how organizations can leverage social media as a means of sustained coordination for long-term, on the ground efforts extending past initial emergency relief phases.
{"title":"Building coordination capacity: Post-disaster organizational Twitter networks","authors":"A. Opdyke, Amy Javernick‐Will","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970265","url":null,"abstract":"Effective coordination is essential for post-disaster reconstruction. Presently, however, there are relatively few tools to help organizations manage coordination and communication of post-disaster construction activities. Given the recent increase in use of social media platforms, we examine the use of Twitter following Super Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) in the Philippines. A network of organizations in the infrastructure sector is created to capture the coordination structure, as depicted through social media, analyze organizational messaging and determine key actors. A content analysis of tweets further examined emergent themes in the distribution of information through Twitter. This network perspective lends insight into future applications of how organizations can leverage social media as a means of sustained coordination for long-term, on the ground efforts extending past initial emergency relief phases.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121083830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970292
T. Tanzi, L. Apvrille, J. Dugelay, Y. Roudier
Information plays a key role in natural disaster crisis management and relief. A new generation of lightweight UAVs may help improve the situational awareness and assessment. They may first of all relieve rescue teams from time-consuming data collection tasks. At the same time, those UAVs may assist research operations through a more insightful and automated guidance thanks to advanced sensing capabilities. In order to achieve this vision, two challenges must be addressed though. The first one is to achieve a sufficient autonomy for such vehicles, both in terms of navigation and of interpretation of the data sensed. The second one relates to the reliability of the UAV with respect to accidental (safety) or malicious (security) risks. This paper first discusses the potential of UAV assistance in several humanitarian scenarios, as well as potential problems in such situations. The question of autonomy is then addressed. Finally, a secure embedded UAV architecture that relies on cryptographic protocols and on specific hardware capabilities is sketched.
{"title":"UAVs for humanitarian missions: Autonomy and reliability","authors":"T. Tanzi, L. Apvrille, J. Dugelay, Y. Roudier","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970292","url":null,"abstract":"Information plays a key role in natural disaster crisis management and relief. A new generation of lightweight UAVs may help improve the situational awareness and assessment. They may first of all relieve rescue teams from time-consuming data collection tasks. At the same time, those UAVs may assist research operations through a more insightful and automated guidance thanks to advanced sensing capabilities. In order to achieve this vision, two challenges must be addressed though. The first one is to achieve a sufficient autonomy for such vehicles, both in terms of navigation and of interpretation of the data sensed. The second one relates to the reliability of the UAV with respect to accidental (safety) or malicious (security) risks. This paper first discusses the potential of UAV assistance in several humanitarian scenarios, as well as potential problems in such situations. The question of autonomy is then addressed. Finally, a secure embedded UAV architecture that relies on cryptographic protocols and on specific hardware capabilities is sketched.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126786924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970341
Natalie Linnell, S. Figueira, Neil Chintala, Lauren Falzarano, V. Ciancio
In this paper, we discuss our experiences with, and the outcomes of, a hackathon for undergraduates centered on the topic of technology for the homeless. Working closely with a partner NGO, we provided students with ideas, a sample database, programming tutorials and design feedback. Our hackathon was very successful, resulting in high-quality work and student engagement. In addition to reporting on lessons learned, we will also discuss the top two projects. One was Homeless Helpline, an automated voice system that allows homeless clients to call in and receive information about the services available to them in their area. This project ties into our partner NGO's existing database to automatically extract the information needed for the user, allowing anyone with access to a phone - even a payphone or a feature cell phone - to get access to this information, with very little cost to the NGO. The other project we discuss takes a different approach, making the same information available as a smartphone app, allowing the user to get more precise information about the services closest to their current location, alongside directions, etc. The hackathon was successful enough that we intend to make it an annual event. The paper will also discuss our thoughts on how to host your own successful socially-motivated hackathon for undergraduates.
{"title":"Hack for the homeless: A humanitarian technology hackathon","authors":"Natalie Linnell, S. Figueira, Neil Chintala, Lauren Falzarano, V. Ciancio","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970341","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we discuss our experiences with, and the outcomes of, a hackathon for undergraduates centered on the topic of technology for the homeless. Working closely with a partner NGO, we provided students with ideas, a sample database, programming tutorials and design feedback. Our hackathon was very successful, resulting in high-quality work and student engagement. In addition to reporting on lessons learned, we will also discuss the top two projects. One was Homeless Helpline, an automated voice system that allows homeless clients to call in and receive information about the services available to them in their area. This project ties into our partner NGO's existing database to automatically extract the information needed for the user, allowing anyone with access to a phone - even a payphone or a feature cell phone - to get access to this information, with very little cost to the NGO. The other project we discuss takes a different approach, making the same information available as a smartphone app, allowing the user to get more precise information about the services closest to their current location, alongside directions, etc. The hackathon was successful enough that we intend to make it an annual event. The paper will also discuss our thoughts on how to host your own successful socially-motivated hackathon for undergraduates.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"24 15","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113942192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970290
Abel Rodriguez de la Concepcion, M. Hasna, M. ElSayed, R. Stefanelli, D. Trinchero, K. A. Mohamed, Naceur Mashmoun
The “Union of the Comoros” is a volcanic archipelago nation in the Indian Ocean, consisting of three islands. About half the population lives below the international poverty line of US$1.25 a day. The interiors of the islands vary from steep mountains to low hills with mostly damaged or unconstructed roads to interconnect the several islets. This situation represents an extraordinary field test: the geographical isolation from other Countries, among the islands and within the same island, the development level of the population and the lack of infrastructures can be efficiently mitigated if a high capacity ICT infrastructure is realized, in order to provide social services (distance learning, telemedicine, financial administration) to the population, together with the possibility to access basic information on the Internet. In this context, we have put into practice a wireless network based on the use of low cost components, optimized for the transportation of large amount of bandwidths (minimum measured throughput is 65 Mb/s). The infrastructure has been made available at no cost for the people, since an extremely small percentage of them can afford regular Internet subscriptions. The network provides interconnectivity among the islets and local Hot Spot facilities at the islet level, free of cost for the end users. The local population has been recruited during the design and installation phase, in order to develop sufficient know how that allows them to maintain and even extend the infrastructure after its completion. Accessibility is guaranteed over the whole Country. To this aim, technical tests have been made in order to verify the affordability and reliability of the solution in the medium and long terms. The project is now being used to vehicle public finance management among the multitude of islets of the islands, under the endorsement of the World Bank.
{"title":"Enabling ICT development with low cost high capacity wireless networks in remote and underdeveloped locations an application to public finance management in Comoros Islands","authors":"Abel Rodriguez de la Concepcion, M. Hasna, M. ElSayed, R. Stefanelli, D. Trinchero, K. A. Mohamed, Naceur Mashmoun","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970290","url":null,"abstract":"The “Union of the Comoros” is a volcanic archipelago nation in the Indian Ocean, consisting of three islands. About half the population lives below the international poverty line of US$1.25 a day. The interiors of the islands vary from steep mountains to low hills with mostly damaged or unconstructed roads to interconnect the several islets. This situation represents an extraordinary field test: the geographical isolation from other Countries, among the islands and within the same island, the development level of the population and the lack of infrastructures can be efficiently mitigated if a high capacity ICT infrastructure is realized, in order to provide social services (distance learning, telemedicine, financial administration) to the population, together with the possibility to access basic information on the Internet. In this context, we have put into practice a wireless network based on the use of low cost components, optimized for the transportation of large amount of bandwidths (minimum measured throughput is 65 Mb/s). The infrastructure has been made available at no cost for the people, since an extremely small percentage of them can afford regular Internet subscriptions. The network provides interconnectivity among the islets and local Hot Spot facilities at the islet level, free of cost for the end users. The local population has been recruited during the design and installation phase, in order to develop sufficient know how that allows them to maintain and even extend the infrastructure after its completion. Accessibility is guaranteed over the whole Country. To this aim, technical tests have been made in order to verify the affordability and reliability of the solution in the medium and long terms. The project is now being used to vehicle public finance management among the multitude of islets of the islands, under the endorsement of the World Bank.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125707994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970353
A. Tesfay, O. Nydal, M. Kahsay
Many of today's solar cookers lack energy storage and their applications have been limited to day time use while the sun is shining. In addition these cookers need longer cooking time and are less versatile to users compared with the traditional wood stoves. This article presents tests of a solar stove with and integrated heat storage designed to satisfy a particular need of some east African countries to bake their daily food (Injera). The prototype was tested in the solar laboratories at NTNU and Mekelle University, and presented for community demonstrations in Mekelle. Steam is used as heat carrier between a receiver in the focal point of a concentrating dish and a solar salt based latent heat storage. The stored heat enables users to bake at any time. The storage has a capacity to retain usable thermal energy for about one to two days depending on the amount of insulation. This system can supplement the existing electric and biomass Injera stoves and provide inexpensive and clean energy solution for food preparation. Solar baking provides benefits in terms of human health, environmental strain and high costs associated with biomass fuel.
{"title":"Energy storage integrated solar stove: A case of solar Injera baking in Ethiopia","authors":"A. Tesfay, O. Nydal, M. Kahsay","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970353","url":null,"abstract":"Many of today's solar cookers lack energy storage and their applications have been limited to day time use while the sun is shining. In addition these cookers need longer cooking time and are less versatile to users compared with the traditional wood stoves. This article presents tests of a solar stove with and integrated heat storage designed to satisfy a particular need of some east African countries to bake their daily food (Injera). The prototype was tested in the solar laboratories at NTNU and Mekelle University, and presented for community demonstrations in Mekelle. Steam is used as heat carrier between a receiver in the focal point of a concentrating dish and a solar salt based latent heat storage. The stored heat enables users to bake at any time. The storage has a capacity to retain usable thermal energy for about one to two days depending on the amount of insulation. This system can supplement the existing electric and biomass Injera stoves and provide inexpensive and clean energy solution for food preparation. Solar baking provides benefits in terms of human health, environmental strain and high costs associated with biomass fuel.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122280234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970277
V. V. Acker, S. Szablya, H. Louie, J. M. Sloughter, Ayesha S. Pirbhai
A key input to any responsible energy development project is the current state of energy consumption in the local community as well as the associated expenses. This information can be used to guide the design of the system and to plan for the project's long-term financial viability. This paper describes residential energy use and costs in Muhuru Bay, Kenya. The results are based on a 2013 household energy survey with 69 respondents as well as two focus groups. The survey included questions regarding the use and cost of kerosene, batteries, candles, price to recharge mobile phones, along with demographic information. It is demonstrated how the results of the survey are incorporated into the development of a sustainable business plan of a community charging station microgrid project at a school in Muhuru Bay, Kenya. Best practices of conducting energy surveys and lessons learned are provided based on experiences in Kenya and elsewhere.
{"title":"Survey of energy use and costs in rural kenya for community microgrid business model development","authors":"V. V. Acker, S. Szablya, H. Louie, J. M. Sloughter, Ayesha S. Pirbhai","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970277","url":null,"abstract":"A key input to any responsible energy development project is the current state of energy consumption in the local community as well as the associated expenses. This information can be used to guide the design of the system and to plan for the project's long-term financial viability. This paper describes residential energy use and costs in Muhuru Bay, Kenya. The results are based on a 2013 household energy survey with 69 respondents as well as two focus groups. The survey included questions regarding the use and cost of kerosene, batteries, candles, price to recharge mobile phones, along with demographic information. It is demonstrated how the results of the survey are incorporated into the development of a sustainable business plan of a community charging station microgrid project at a school in Muhuru Bay, Kenya. Best practices of conducting energy surveys and lessons learned are provided based on experiences in Kenya and elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127917335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-04DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970342
T. Alves, M. Buratto, Flavio Mauricio de Souza, Thelma Virgínia Rodrigues
Companies are always looking for ways to increase production. The elevated consumerism pushes factories to produce more in less time. Industry automation came as the solution to increase quality, production and decrease costs. Since the early 70s, PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) has dominated industrial automation by replacing the relay logic circuits. However, due to its high costs, there are many places in the world where automation is still inaccessible. This paper describes the creation of a low-cost open source PLC, comparable to those already used in industry automation, with a modular and simplified architecture and expansion capabilities. Our goal with this project is to create the first fully functional standardized open source PLC. We believe that, with enough help from the open source community, it will become a low cost solution to speed up development and industrial production in less developed countries.
{"title":"OpenPLC: An open source alternative to automation","authors":"T. Alves, M. Buratto, Flavio Mauricio de Souza, Thelma Virgínia Rodrigues","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970342","url":null,"abstract":"Companies are always looking for ways to increase production. The elevated consumerism pushes factories to produce more in less time. Industry automation came as the solution to increase quality, production and decrease costs. Since the early 70s, PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) has dominated industrial automation by replacing the relay logic circuits. However, due to its high costs, there are many places in the world where automation is still inaccessible. This paper describes the creation of a low-cost open source PLC, comparable to those already used in industry automation, with a modular and simplified architecture and expansion capabilities. Our goal with this project is to create the first fully functional standardized open source PLC. We believe that, with enough help from the open source community, it will become a low cost solution to speed up development and industrial production in less developed countries.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131924300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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