Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970355
M. Kwiatkowska, L. Matthews
This paper examines the informational and technological needs of the respiratory therapy (RT) workshops run by the Canadian respiratory therapists (RTs) and RT students at various healthcare centers in developing countries. Every year in the summer, a team of volunteers from Thompson Rivers University travels to various locations in Peru and China and offers 1-3 days theoretical lectures and practical workshops on the use of technology in the diagnosis, treatment, and care of patients with cardiopulmonary disorders. The primary goals of the workshops are to transfer theoretical and technological knowledge, to teach practical skills, and to exchange the practices of providing cost-effective health care to patients in major centers as well as in rural areas. Our study focuses on the requirements for informational and technological support in the delivery of the workshops in Peru. This field study addresses contextual factors which play a major role in the efficient and effective use of knowledge and technology for the educational advancement of local healthcare providers, and, consequently, for improvement in of the health status of the patients. This study is based on a qualitative approach to the problem and uses ethnographic in-field observations, interviews, and analysis of visual materials. The paper also describes the settings and overall educational context of the workshops, and examines communicational and technical challenges in volunteer-based medical education and training in diversified settings. The study investigates the use of low-cost and low-resource methods for the at-location and learner-centered medical education and training. Furthermore, the paper discusses the possible utilization of a computerized knowledge repository to support the educational processes and the communication process involving multiple languages.
{"title":"Analysis of informational and technological requirements for the respiratory therapy workshops in Peru","authors":"M. Kwiatkowska, L. Matthews","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970355","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the informational and technological needs of the respiratory therapy (RT) workshops run by the Canadian respiratory therapists (RTs) and RT students at various healthcare centers in developing countries. Every year in the summer, a team of volunteers from Thompson Rivers University travels to various locations in Peru and China and offers 1-3 days theoretical lectures and practical workshops on the use of technology in the diagnosis, treatment, and care of patients with cardiopulmonary disorders. The primary goals of the workshops are to transfer theoretical and technological knowledge, to teach practical skills, and to exchange the practices of providing cost-effective health care to patients in major centers as well as in rural areas. Our study focuses on the requirements for informational and technological support in the delivery of the workshops in Peru. This field study addresses contextual factors which play a major role in the efficient and effective use of knowledge and technology for the educational advancement of local healthcare providers, and, consequently, for improvement in of the health status of the patients. This study is based on a qualitative approach to the problem and uses ethnographic in-field observations, interviews, and analysis of visual materials. The paper also describes the settings and overall educational context of the workshops, and examines communicational and technical challenges in volunteer-based medical education and training in diversified settings. The study investigates the use of low-cost and low-resource methods for the at-location and learner-centered medical education and training. Furthermore, the paper discusses the possible utilization of a computerized knowledge repository to support the educational processes and the communication process involving multiple languages.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114665858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970306
Amós Veremachi, B. C. Cuamba, O. Nydal, J. Lovseth, A. Zia
In order to overcome the limitations imposed by the intermittent nature of solar radiation on its different applications, energy storage is an important component of any solar system. More specifically, the incorporation of thermal energy storage makes it possible to store the collected solar thermal energy and use it during off-sun periods, for multiple domestic needs (e.g. cooking, heating, etc). For this to happen, heat must be extracted from the storage to the utility. In order for the extraction process to be done in an efficient way, thermal stratification of heat storage is beneficial. Through comparison of hourly temperature profiles of three different rock-bed heat storages, this paper discusses the influence of length and cross-sectional area of the storage on its thermal stratification. Preliminary findings suggest that by increasing length and reducing diameter of the storage, its thermal stratification is enhanced.
{"title":"Investigating the influence of length and cross sectional area in heat storage thermal stratification","authors":"Amós Veremachi, B. C. Cuamba, O. Nydal, J. Lovseth, A. Zia","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970306","url":null,"abstract":"In order to overcome the limitations imposed by the intermittent nature of solar radiation on its different applications, energy storage is an important component of any solar system. More specifically, the incorporation of thermal energy storage makes it possible to store the collected solar thermal energy and use it during off-sun periods, for multiple domestic needs (e.g. cooking, heating, etc). For this to happen, heat must be extracted from the storage to the utility. In order for the extraction process to be done in an efficient way, thermal stratification of heat storage is beneficial. Through comparison of hourly temperature profiles of three different rock-bed heat storages, this paper discusses the influence of length and cross-sectional area of the storage on its thermal stratification. Preliminary findings suggest that by increasing length and reducing diameter of the storage, its thermal stratification is enhanced.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116420864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970339
K. Hawkins, R. Burton, P. Labarre
As national malaria control programs contemplate their options for shifting tactics and tools to support malaria elimination, it is useful to review the basic characteristics of target analytes commonly used for malaria diagnosis. We identify several epidemiological nuances that impact choice of target analytes for Plasmodium falciparum transmission and we review key concepts such as parasite biomass concentration, circulating parasite density, infectiousness, sequestration, analyte deletions, and persistence. We then define key requirements for the selection of appropriate target analytes that could serve as Plasmodium falciparum proxy indicators of transmission risk. We focus on the intrinsic themes and attributes of malaria biomarkers and deliberately separate those properties from the detection technologies because if a biomarker does not have the appropriate intrinsic properties to meet elimination needs, no amount of heroic engineering can overcome this shortcoming.
{"title":"Diagnostics to support malaria elimination: Choosing an appropriate biomarker to target the subclinical Plasmodium falciparum transmission reservoir","authors":"K. Hawkins, R. Burton, P. Labarre","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970339","url":null,"abstract":"As national malaria control programs contemplate their options for shifting tactics and tools to support malaria elimination, it is useful to review the basic characteristics of target analytes commonly used for malaria diagnosis. We identify several epidemiological nuances that impact choice of target analytes for Plasmodium falciparum transmission and we review key concepts such as parasite biomass concentration, circulating parasite density, infectiousness, sequestration, analyte deletions, and persistence. We then define key requirements for the selection of appropriate target analytes that could serve as Plasmodium falciparum proxy indicators of transmission risk. We focus on the intrinsic themes and attributes of malaria biomarkers and deliberately separate those properties from the detection technologies because if a biomarker does not have the appropriate intrinsic properties to meet elimination needs, no amount of heroic engineering can overcome this shortcoming.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"186 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120850281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Approximately 15 million people suffer a stroke every year globally. People with stroke usually have less mobility and this may further reduce the fitness level and emotional wellbeing. Traditional stroke rehabilitation therapy is usually performed in a clinic or hospital, which evolves the care from the therapist. Robot-assisted stroke therapy can be done at the patient's home, but the cost of the systems might be too high for some patients. In this study, we propose a novel sensor-based system for stroke rehabilitation. The system consists of a sensor-based digital glove and software running on a computer with a user interface to a piano. During the rehabilitation treatment, the patient plays the keys of a piano guided by the user interface on the screen. The system may enhance the mobility and flexibility of the affected upper limb and the fingers of stroke patients in an entertaining way. Our experimental results show that the system has a high accuracy of biofeedback.
{"title":"A sensor-based virtual piano biofeedback system for stroke rehabilitation","authors":"Ting Zhang, Jiang Lu, Fei Hu, Lv Wu, Mengcheng Guo","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970334","url":null,"abstract":"Approximately 15 million people suffer a stroke every year globally. People with stroke usually have less mobility and this may further reduce the fitness level and emotional wellbeing. Traditional stroke rehabilitation therapy is usually performed in a clinic or hospital, which evolves the care from the therapist. Robot-assisted stroke therapy can be done at the patient's home, but the cost of the systems might be too high for some patients. In this study, we propose a novel sensor-based system for stroke rehabilitation. The system consists of a sensor-based digital glove and software running on a computer with a user interface to a piano. During the rehabilitation treatment, the patient plays the keys of a piano guided by the user interface on the screen. The system may enhance the mobility and flexibility of the affected upper limb and the fingers of stroke patients in an entertaining way. Our experimental results show that the system has a high accuracy of biofeedback.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126150175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970311
J. Letechipia, A. Arredondo, Luis Hernández, A. Alessi, A. Torres, R. A. Torres, Y. Montagut
The benefits experienced by assistive technology (AT) users include increased independence and comfort, however, only a small percentage of the world population with a disability has access to AT. In low income countries AT is rarely available. Sustainable methods for designing, producing and distributing AT within these are required. This paper describes the design and implementation of a seating fabrication system to be used in clinical rehabilitation settings in urban areas of low income countries. The system was implemented and tested in a collaborative project between Mexico and Colombia. More than 60 seating systems were fabricated. Therapists approved and adopted the system easily. Children and adults with disabilities were provided with a custom made seating system. Numerous additional devices would need to be developed before the AT needs of these countries are met. However, international teamwork between local universities proved to be an effective method to address the AT needs of their communities. This approach could be implemented in other low income countries.
{"title":"Seating fabrication system for clinical rehabilitation settings in low income countries: The experience of Mexico and Colombia","authors":"J. Letechipia, A. Arredondo, Luis Hernández, A. Alessi, A. Torres, R. A. Torres, Y. Montagut","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970311","url":null,"abstract":"The benefits experienced by assistive technology (AT) users include increased independence and comfort, however, only a small percentage of the world population with a disability has access to AT. In low income countries AT is rarely available. Sustainable methods for designing, producing and distributing AT within these are required. This paper describes the design and implementation of a seating fabrication system to be used in clinical rehabilitation settings in urban areas of low income countries. The system was implemented and tested in a collaborative project between Mexico and Colombia. More than 60 seating systems were fabricated. Therapists approved and adopted the system easily. Children and adults with disabilities were provided with a custom made seating system. Numerous additional devices would need to be developed before the AT needs of these countries are met. However, international teamwork between local universities proved to be an effective method to address the AT needs of their communities. This approach could be implemented in other low income countries.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125609981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970261
Roshan Issac, S. Sahasranamam
Access to quality healthcare is a right of every individual, however, a large part of rural population in India do not have access to same. This is particularly acute among the tribal community who are a marginalized section of the society. This paper is based on the case study of one such community in Wayanad district of Kerala. A tele-consulting system through rural health centre is proposed in this paper. The field implementation of this system is currently underway at Chekadi tribal mission in Wayanad.
{"title":"Tele-consulting through rural health centres for tribal community - A case study from Wayanad","authors":"Roshan Issac, S. Sahasranamam","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970261","url":null,"abstract":"Access to quality healthcare is a right of every individual, however, a large part of rural population in India do not have access to same. This is particularly acute among the tribal community who are a marginalized section of the society. This paper is based on the case study of one such community in Wayanad district of Kerala. A tele-consulting system through rural health centre is proposed in this paper. The field implementation of this system is currently underway at Chekadi tribal mission in Wayanad.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128342095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970320
Bulbul Sen, Ranjan K. Sen
Integration of grassroots community level data into national planning and development process can improve its efficiency and effectiveness. It will provide timely and continuous data to evaluate investment efforts. It can also foster participatory activities in such a community. We present the idea of a data-aware community (DAC) that collects and analyses local socio-economic data and generate useful evaluation data. A DAC is mostly self-sufficient and is aware of its local condition and environment. In this paper we present some initial work that we have carried out to build a DAC. We describe how DACs can be integrated into available information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure to build a bottom-up information flow for planning and development.
{"title":"Bottom-up integration of data-aware communities: Some initial work in Kapgari village community","authors":"Bulbul Sen, Ranjan K. Sen","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970320","url":null,"abstract":"Integration of grassroots community level data into national planning and development process can improve its efficiency and effectiveness. It will provide timely and continuous data to evaluate investment efforts. It can also foster participatory activities in such a community. We present the idea of a data-aware community (DAC) that collects and analyses local socio-economic data and generate useful evaluation data. A DAC is mostly self-sufficient and is aware of its local condition and environment. In this paper we present some initial work that we have carried out to build a DAC. We describe how DACs can be integrated into available information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure to build a bottom-up information flow for planning and development.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130672435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970361
Nayan Jeevagan, P. Santosh, Rishabh Berlia, S. Kandoi
Project Stay Alert involves a system of integrated devices to determine the sleepiness level of a driver and alert him if required. The system employs behavioral, physiological and vehicle based methods to determine if a driver is alert or not. The first device is a headband that monitors the blink rate of the driver, also the accelerometer on it checks if the driver's head is swaying unnaturally. The second device is located at the accelerator pedal. It monitors the pressure on the pedal. The third device is located on the steering wheel and constantly monitors the pressure of the driver's hand on the wheel. All three devices work simultaneously and in conjunction with each other to alert a driver if he is found to be sleepy.
{"title":"Project Stay Alert","authors":"Nayan Jeevagan, P. Santosh, Rishabh Berlia, S. Kandoi","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970361","url":null,"abstract":"Project Stay Alert involves a system of integrated devices to determine the sleepiness level of a driver and alert him if required. The system employs behavioral, physiological and vehicle based methods to determine if a driver is alert or not. The first device is a headband that monitors the blink rate of the driver, also the accelerometer on it checks if the driver's head is swaying unnaturally. The second device is located at the accelerator pedal. It monitors the pressure on the pedal. The third device is located on the steering wheel and constantly monitors the pressure of the driver's hand on the wheel. All three devices work simultaneously and in conjunction with each other to alert a driver if he is found to be sleepy.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127909152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970294
Prabhas Pokharel, B. Gleitsmann, Salah Chafik, C. Heberer, Myf Ma, C. Tan, Zaiming Yao, V. Modi
Many countries struggle with effectively estimating what fraction of federal funds should be disbursed to various local administrative levels for spending on social programs for development. Varying spatial distributions of resources, populations, services, costs and past performance make local information vital. Traditionally, such data are collected using paper-based survey methods and aggregated up to larger admin units, introducing long delays and losing granularity of information. The authors assisted the Nigerian Office of the Senior Special Assistant to the President on Millennium Development Goals (OSSAP-MDGs) to rapidly collect data on health, education, and water facilities using Android smartphones. Data collection was facilitated by a generalizable platform (Formhub.org). Authors also built a common data visualization platform (Nigeria MDGs Information System) to present disaggregated data at facility and local government levels. These technological innovations were used by local planners to develop and evaluate more than $500M of federally-funded grant proposals that targeted more than 450 Local Government Areas over three years as part of the OSSAP-MDGs Conditional Grants Scheme. This paper presents the design and implementation of these systems in the context of enabling data-driven local planning.
{"title":"Data-driven local planning at national scale: How data collected on mobile phones enable a Conditional Grants Scheme in Nigeria","authors":"Prabhas Pokharel, B. Gleitsmann, Salah Chafik, C. Heberer, Myf Ma, C. Tan, Zaiming Yao, V. Modi","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.6970294","url":null,"abstract":"Many countries struggle with effectively estimating what fraction of federal funds should be disbursed to various local administrative levels for spending on social programs for development. Varying spatial distributions of resources, populations, services, costs and past performance make local information vital. Traditionally, such data are collected using paper-based survey methods and aggregated up to larger admin units, introducing long delays and losing granularity of information. The authors assisted the Nigerian Office of the Senior Special Assistant to the President on Millennium Development Goals (OSSAP-MDGs) to rapidly collect data on health, education, and water facilities using Android smartphones. Data collection was facilitated by a generalizable platform (Formhub.org). Authors also built a common data visualization platform (Nigeria MDGs Information System) to present disaggregated data at facility and local government levels. These technological innovations were used by local planners to develop and evaluate more than $500M of federally-funded grant proposals that targeted more than 450 Local Government Areas over three years as part of the OSSAP-MDGs Conditional Grants Scheme. This paper presents the design and implementation of these systems in the context of enabling data-driven local planning.","PeriodicalId":310396,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC 2014)","volume":"102 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116296019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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