Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v73i5.8050
Muhammad Kashif, None Shahana Shahid, Wahaj Ul Hassan, None M. Zeeshan Siddiqui, None Muhammad Saqib, None M. Aasim Yusuf
Objective: To determine the positivity rate of COVID-19 on pre-procedure screening and its impact on diagnosis and management of new cancer patients. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, from Sep 2020 to Aug 2021. Methodology: Data was retrospectively collected from electronic medical records of the patients, including their age, gender, PCR test result, date of first visit to the gastroenterology clinic, date of multidisciplinary team meeting and any adverse event reported due to delay in endoscopy procedure. Results: A total of 1273 patients underwent endoscopy procedures in the study period. Fifty-two patients were found to be COVID-positive (4.1%), and only one was symptomatic. The percentage of positivity in newly diagnosed 22 cancer patients was 1.72%. Of 52 patients, 31 were male (59.61%), and 21 were female (40.39%). Only 1 patient was presented with abdominal pain and revealed concealed perforation. No other adverse event was reported in any patient, and no new imaging was required before discussion in a multidisciplinary team meeting. Conclusion: The hospital policy of COVID PCR test 48 hours before the endoscopy procedure effectively isolates the asymptomatic positive COVID-19 patients. The two-week delay due to COVID-PCR positivity in newly diagnosed cancer patients was not associated with any adverse event, and no new imaging was required.
{"title":"Positivity Rate of Universal PCR Screening for COVID-19 Pre-Endoscopy and its Impact on Diagnosis and Management of New Cancer Patients at a Cancer Centre in Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Kashif, None Shahana Shahid, Wahaj Ul Hassan, None M. Zeeshan Siddiqui, None Muhammad Saqib, None M. Aasim Yusuf","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v73i5.8050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v73i5.8050","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the positivity rate of COVID-19 on pre-procedure screening and its impact on diagnosis and management of new cancer patients. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, from Sep 2020 to Aug 2021. Methodology: Data was retrospectively collected from electronic medical records of the patients, including their age, gender, PCR test result, date of first visit to the gastroenterology clinic, date of multidisciplinary team meeting and any adverse event reported due to delay in endoscopy procedure. Results: A total of 1273 patients underwent endoscopy procedures in the study period. Fifty-two patients were found to be COVID-positive (4.1%), and only one was symptomatic. The percentage of positivity in newly diagnosed 22 cancer patients was 1.72%. Of 52 patients, 31 were male (59.61%), and 21 were female (40.39%). Only 1 patient was presented with abdominal pain and revealed concealed perforation. No other adverse event was reported in any patient, and no new imaging was required before discussion in a multidisciplinary team meeting. Conclusion: The hospital policy of COVID PCR test 48 hours before the endoscopy procedure effectively isolates the asymptomatic positive COVID-19 patients. The two-week delay due to COVID-PCR positivity in newly diagnosed cancer patients was not associated with any adverse event, and no new imaging was required.","PeriodicalId":31059,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal","volume":"24 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136070366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To compare laparoscopic needle-assisted extra-corporeal hernia repair regarding recurrence in children with intracorporeal repair. Study Design: Retrospective longitudinal study. Department of Paediatric Surgery, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jul 2019 to Dec 2020. Methodology: Retrospectively, all patients who underwent laparoscopic herniotomy were searched through hospital records.Ninety-seven patients matched the inclusion criteria out of 148 laparoscopic surgeries. All patients were diagnosed with inguinal hernia based on history and clinical examination. Fifty-one patients underwent laparoscopic needle-assisted repair (LNAR) with extra-corporeal knotting, whereas 46 underwent repair with intracorporeal knotting of the deep inguinal ring. Pneumoperitoneum was created in all cases by open method. All patients were followed up for six months outdoors for recurrence. Results: The age of patients ranged from 1-12 years; the mean age of study patients was 5.29±3.17 years. Regarding the inguinal hernia site, 45(46.4%) had a right-sided hernia, and 52(53.6%) had a left-sided hernia. All operations were completed laparoscopically. There were no intraoperative complications. A total of 2(3.53%) patients developed recurrence, one from each group, 2.17% in Group-A and 1.96% in Group-B, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups after six months of follow-up (p-value=0.942). Conclusion: Extra-corporeal knotting in children with inguinal hernia is an effective, quick and safe technique. It is comparable to the standard intracorporeal knotting technique in terms of recurrence.
{"title":"Comparison of Laparoscopic Needle-Assisted Extra-Corporeal Inguinal Hernia Repair with Intracorporeal Inguinal Hernia Repair in Terms of Postoperative Recurrence","authors":"None Javed-ur-Rehman, None Shazia Iffat, None Zahid Anwar, Naveed Ahmed, None Iftikhar Ahmed, None Asrar Ahmad","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v73i5.8281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v73i5.8281","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare laparoscopic needle-assisted extra-corporeal hernia repair regarding recurrence in children with intracorporeal repair. Study Design: Retrospective longitudinal study. Department of Paediatric Surgery, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jul 2019 to Dec 2020. Methodology: Retrospectively, all patients who underwent laparoscopic herniotomy were searched through hospital records.Ninety-seven patients matched the inclusion criteria out of 148 laparoscopic surgeries. All patients were diagnosed with inguinal hernia based on history and clinical examination. Fifty-one patients underwent laparoscopic needle-assisted repair (LNAR) with extra-corporeal knotting, whereas 46 underwent repair with intracorporeal knotting of the deep inguinal ring. Pneumoperitoneum was created in all cases by open method. All patients were followed up for six months outdoors for recurrence. Results: The age of patients ranged from 1-12 years; the mean age of study patients was 5.29±3.17 years. Regarding the inguinal hernia site, 45(46.4%) had a right-sided hernia, and 52(53.6%) had a left-sided hernia. All operations were completed laparoscopically. There were no intraoperative complications. A total of 2(3.53%) patients developed recurrence, one from each group, 2.17% in Group-A and 1.96% in Group-B, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups after six months of follow-up (p-value=0.942). Conclusion: Extra-corporeal knotting in children with inguinal hernia is an effective, quick and safe technique. It is comparable to the standard intracorporeal knotting technique in terms of recurrence.","PeriodicalId":31059,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal","volume":"47 13","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136105571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v73i5.9011
Muhammad Umar Anwer, None Manzar Bozdar, None Syeda Samia Shafaat, None Syeda Hina Shah
Objective: To determine the frequency of various beta-thalassemia mutations in the prenatal period and ascertain the spectrum of mutations to optimise mutation analysis with cost reduction in testing. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Molecular Hematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP)/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi Pakistan from Jul 2021 to Jan 2022. Methodology: Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) was performed at 12-16 weeks of gestation in target couples where both parents were known β-thalassemia carriers. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from fetal tissues, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed, and mutations were analysed with controls on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Results: Out of a total of 87 CVS samples, 17(19.5%) showed no mutation, 25(28.7%) had Beta-thalassemia major, and 45 (51.7%) were beta-thalassemia trait (heterozygous). Eight mutations were detected in the study population, and the three most common mutations were Fr 8/9, IVS 1/5 and Cd 15. Comparatively less common mutations included Cd 5, Fr 41/42, Fr 16, IVS 1/1 and Cap+1. Ethnical distribution of these mutations showed high frequency in Pathans and Punjabis compared to Sindhis, Balochis, Saraikis and Kashmiris. Conclusion: The commonly detected prevalent thalassemia mutations must be tested to provide cost-effective facilities in our resource-constrained country. This study will help in future testing strategies and optimisation of mutation analysis in our country.
{"title":"Beta Thalassemia Mutation Analysis in Fetal Samples for Optimal Mutation Screening Strategy","authors":"Muhammad Umar Anwer, None Manzar Bozdar, None Syeda Samia Shafaat, None Syeda Hina Shah","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v73i5.9011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v73i5.9011","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the frequency of various beta-thalassemia mutations in the prenatal period and ascertain the spectrum of mutations to optimise mutation analysis with cost reduction in testing. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Molecular Hematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP)/National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi Pakistan from Jul 2021 to Jan 2022. Methodology: Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) was performed at 12-16 weeks of gestation in target couples where both parents were known β-thalassemia carriers. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from fetal tissues, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed, and mutations were analysed with controls on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Results: Out of a total of 87 CVS samples, 17(19.5%) showed no mutation, 25(28.7%) had Beta-thalassemia major, and 45 (51.7%) were beta-thalassemia trait (heterozygous). Eight mutations were detected in the study population, and the three most common mutations were Fr 8/9, IVS 1/5 and Cd 15. Comparatively less common mutations included Cd 5, Fr 41/42, Fr 16, IVS 1/1 and Cap+1. Ethnical distribution of these mutations showed high frequency in Pathans and Punjabis compared to Sindhis, Balochis, Saraikis and Kashmiris. Conclusion: The commonly detected prevalent thalassemia mutations must be tested to provide cost-effective facilities in our resource-constrained country. This study will help in future testing strategies and optimisation of mutation analysis in our country.","PeriodicalId":31059,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal","volume":"17 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136106533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: To determine the frequency of subclinical Hypothyroidism in women with first-trimester pregnancy loss. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Gynaecology & Obstetrics Department, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan,from Jun 2018 to Dec 2018. Methodology: The study included 130 women aged 18-40 years who had first-trimester pregnancy loss. Patients withchronic renal failure, known thyroid disorders and taking medication that can affect thyroid functions were excluded. Venous blood samples were taken to analyse thyroid function tests, and subclinical Hypothyroidism was noted. Results: The mean age of the women was 28.68±4.80 years. Most patients 77(59.23%), were between 18 and 30 years old. The mean BMI was 29.42±2.50 kg/m2. 16(12.31%) women with first-trimester miscarriage had subclinical Hypothyroidism. Conclusion: This study concluded that the frequency of subclinical Hypothyroidism in women with first-trimester pregnancy loss was significant. Proper management protocol for early recognition and management of subclinical Hypothyroidism in women can improve pregnancy outcomes.
{"title":"Frequency of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Patients with First-Trimester Pregnancy Loss","authors":"None Saleeha Hassan, None Rabiya Akbar, Uzma Urooj, None Sadaf Zohra, None Nusrat Noor","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v73i5.7432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v73i5.7432","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To determine the frequency of subclinical Hypothyroidism in women with first-trimester pregnancy loss. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Gynaecology & Obstetrics Department, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan,from Jun 2018 to Dec 2018. Methodology: The study included 130 women aged 18-40 years who had first-trimester pregnancy loss. Patients withchronic renal failure, known thyroid disorders and taking medication that can affect thyroid functions were excluded. Venous blood samples were taken to analyse thyroid function tests, and subclinical Hypothyroidism was noted. Results: The mean age of the women was 28.68±4.80 years. Most patients 77(59.23%), were between 18 and 30 years old. The mean BMI was 29.42±2.50 kg/m2. 16(12.31%) women with first-trimester miscarriage had subclinical Hypothyroidism. Conclusion: This study concluded that the frequency of subclinical Hypothyroidism in women with first-trimester pregnancy loss was significant. Proper management protocol for early recognition and management of subclinical Hypothyroidism in women can improve pregnancy outcomes.","PeriodicalId":31059,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal","volume":"47 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136106681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v73i5.8651
Nazia Mustafa, None Maryam Khan, None Mudassar Aziz
Objective: To investigate the association between theory of mind, ability and forgiveness, along with the moderating role of various demographic influences. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of study: Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad Pakistan, from May to Aug 2020. Methodology: Four hundred eighty-seven young adults with an age range of 20-30 years were included. Reading Mind in the Eyes test and behavioural measures of forgiveness were explored. Correlation and moderation analysis were performed. Results: Results presented that forgiveness and theory of mind were positively correlated (r=0.71, p<0.05) and also supported the established demographic influences, i.e., women (11.59±5.39) score more than men on the indicator of Theory of Mind (9.92±5.56). In addition, those who have interest in literature (11.30±5.56) tended reading others’ mental state to a greater extent than others (9.49±5.41). Several friends emerged as a moderator for the relationship between the theory of mind and forgiveness. In contrast, fewer friends depicted the best tendency to infer others’ mindsets or empathize, thus facilitating forgiveness. Conclusion: Our findings depict that the number of friends has a moderating role in the relationship between the theory of mind and forgiveness. It shows that an increase in forgiveness is associated with an increase in the theory of mind for all groups.
{"title":"Understanding Others' Mental State Makes it Easy to Forgive; An Association between Theory of Mind, Ability and Forgiveness","authors":"Nazia Mustafa, None Maryam Khan, None Mudassar Aziz","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v73i5.8651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v73i5.8651","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate the association between theory of mind, ability and forgiveness, along with the moderating role of various demographic influences. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of study: Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad Pakistan, from May to Aug 2020. Methodology: Four hundred eighty-seven young adults with an age range of 20-30 years were included. Reading Mind in the Eyes test and behavioural measures of forgiveness were explored. Correlation and moderation analysis were performed. Results: Results presented that forgiveness and theory of mind were positively correlated (r=0.71, p<0.05) and also supported the established demographic influences, i.e., women (11.59±5.39) score more than men on the indicator of Theory of Mind (9.92±5.56). In addition, those who have interest in literature (11.30±5.56) tended reading others’ mental state to a greater extent than others (9.49±5.41). Several friends emerged as a moderator for the relationship between the theory of mind and forgiveness. In contrast, fewer friends depicted the best tendency to infer others’ mindsets or empathize, thus facilitating forgiveness. Conclusion: Our findings depict that the number of friends has a moderating role in the relationship between the theory of mind and forgiveness. It shows that an increase in forgiveness is associated with an increase in the theory of mind for all groups.","PeriodicalId":31059,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal","volume":"46 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136132648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v73i5.7956
Sikandar Hayat Khan
With emergence of COVID-19 threats various diagnostic strategies have also surfaced. Conventionally, the laboratory world used to rely on serological diagnosis but availability of molecular techniques, especially “Polymerase Chain Reaction” (PCR) has initially emerged as the front line test for diagnosing SARS-CoV2 infection. Though defined as the current mainstay of COVID-19 diagnosis, still the technology suffers with less diagnostic sensitivity and specificity along with prolong Various diagnostic strategies have also surfaced with the emergence of the COVID-19 threat. Conventionally, the laboratory world used to rely on serological diagnosis, but the availability of molecular techniques, especially “Polymerase Chain Reaction” (PCR), has initially emerged as the front-line test for diagnosing SARS-CoV2 infection. Though defined as the current mainstay of COVID-19 diagnosis, the technology still suffers from less diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and prolonged turnaround times (TAT). The recent emergence of novel techniques, i.e., CRISPR/Cas technologies, in diagnosing COVID-19 infection has been tremendous and provides newer replacements for PCR testing. CRISPR with Cas12 and Cas13 from CRISPR type-V and type-VI has the potential to revolutionize COVID-19 diagnosis due to better diagnostic efficiency, lower limits of detection (LOD), much-reduced turnaround times (TAT) and availability as point of care testing (POCT). Key technologies discussed in this include SHERLOCK, DETECTER, AIOD-CRISPR, PAC-MAN, CREST and others. This short communication briefly conceptualizes CRISPR/Cas, followed by a discussion on currently available CRISPR technologies for COVID-19 infection with an overview classification of most available methods.
{"title":"Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-Based Diagnostics and COVID-19; A Leap Forward in Molecular Pathology","authors":"Sikandar Hayat Khan","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v73i5.7956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v73i5.7956","url":null,"abstract":"With emergence of COVID-19 threats various diagnostic strategies have also surfaced. Conventionally, the laboratory world used to rely on serological diagnosis but availability of molecular techniques, especially “Polymerase Chain Reaction” (PCR) has initially emerged as the front line test for diagnosing SARS-CoV2 infection. Though defined as the current mainstay of COVID-19 diagnosis, still the technology suffers with less diagnostic sensitivity and specificity along with prolong Various diagnostic strategies have also surfaced with the emergence of the COVID-19 threat. Conventionally, the laboratory world used to rely on serological diagnosis, but the availability of molecular techniques, especially “Polymerase Chain Reaction” (PCR), has initially emerged as the front-line test for diagnosing SARS-CoV2 infection. Though defined as the current mainstay of COVID-19 diagnosis, the technology still suffers from less diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and prolonged turnaround times (TAT). The recent emergence of novel techniques, i.e., CRISPR/Cas technologies, in diagnosing COVID-19 infection has been tremendous and provides newer replacements for PCR testing. CRISPR with Cas12 and Cas13 from CRISPR type-V and type-VI has the potential to revolutionize COVID-19 diagnosis due to better diagnostic efficiency, lower limits of detection (LOD), much-reduced turnaround times (TAT) and availability as point of care testing (POCT). Key technologies discussed in this include SHERLOCK, DETECTER, AIOD-CRISPR, PAC-MAN, CREST and others. This short communication briefly conceptualizes CRISPR/Cas, followed by a discussion on currently available CRISPR technologies for COVID-19 infection with an overview classification of most available methods.","PeriodicalId":31059,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal","volume":"37 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136132758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To determine the frequency of catheter related bacterial infections among the patients on hemodialysis due to end stage renal disease.
Study Design: Cross sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Nephrology, Sharif Medical City Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, from 6 Months i.e.,Jun 2021 to Oct 2021.
Methodology: After meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria 171 patients were enrolled. Tips of the catheters were removed by the surgeon and transferred to laboratory in a sterile container, while at least two blood culture samples were taken before removing the catheter. Catheter related bacterial infections were noted.
Results: In this study the most common catheter related bacterial infection in ESRD cases on hemodialysis was blood stream tunnel infection noted in 48.5% patients followed by, infective endocarditis noted in 28.1%, echo vegetation in 26.3% patients, tunnel infection in 25.1% and exit site infection in 23.4% patients.
Conclusion: The most common catheter related bacterial infection in ESRD cases on hemodialysis was blood stream tunnel infection followed by, infective endocarditis, echo vegetation, tunnel infection and exit site infection patients.
{"title":"Frequency of Catheter-Related Bacterial Infection in End Stage Renal Disease Patients on Hemodialysis","authors":"None Fatima Sonia, None Irfan Ahmad, None Salman Tahir Shafi, None Sana Ashraf","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v73isuppl-1.11148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v73isuppl-1.11148","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the frequency of catheter related bacterial infections among the patients on hemodialysis due to end stage renal disease.
 Study Design: Cross sectional study
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Nephrology, Sharif Medical City Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, from 6 Months i.e.,Jun 2021 to Oct 2021.
 Methodology: After meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria 171 patients were enrolled. Tips of the catheters were removed by the surgeon and transferred to laboratory in a sterile container, while at least two blood culture samples were taken before removing the catheter. Catheter related bacterial infections were noted.
 Results: In this study the most common catheter related bacterial infection in ESRD cases on hemodialysis was blood stream tunnel infection noted in 48.5% patients followed by, infective endocarditis noted in 28.1%, echo vegetation in 26.3% patients, tunnel infection in 25.1% and exit site infection in 23.4% patients.
 Conclusion: The most common catheter related bacterial infection in ESRD cases on hemodialysis was blood stream tunnel infection followed by, infective endocarditis, echo vegetation, tunnel infection and exit site infection patients.","PeriodicalId":31059,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal","volume":"306 S1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136132762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v73i5.9746
Muhammad Usman Ibrahim, Fida Hussain, Muhammad Adil, Muhammad Imran Ibrahim, Zaigham `Salim Dar, Zeeshan Sikandar
Objective: To determine the values of the Sacroiliac Joint Index (SI Index) in normal population and patients with sacroiliitis (SI) and the correlation of normal values with age and gender. Study Design: Prospective longitudinal study. Place and Duration of Study: Nuclear Medical Centre, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Dec 2020 to Jul 2022. Methodology: A total of 140 patients (Group-I consisting of 129 cancer patients having no clinical or radiological evidence of SI referred for metastatic/staging workup and Group-II consisting of 11 patients with clinical, laboratory and radiological diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis) who underwent whole body bone scintigraphy using Technetium Pertechnetate (Tc-99m) labelled Methylene Diphosphonate (MDP) were included. The SI Index was calculated for each patient using the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) to sacrum radiotracer uptake ratio using the ROI method. Results: The mean SI Index was 1.02±0.09, (range: 0.87-1.24) in normal individuals while 1.28±0.09 (range: 1.15-1.53) in patients with SI. A significant statistical difference was observed in both groups for the SI Index (p-<0.001). In addition, the SI Index was significantly associated with age (p=0.016) in the normal population. Conclusion: The SI Index quantification using bone scintigraphy is a sensitive and cost-effective method for detecting SI. In addition, the SI Index differs according to age, so a different cut-off value should be used for each group.
{"title":"Sacroiliac Joint Index in Healthy Pakistani Population and Patients with Sacroiliitis Using Technetium-99m Methylene Diphosphonate Bone Scintigraphy","authors":"Muhammad Usman Ibrahim, Fida Hussain, Muhammad Adil, Muhammad Imran Ibrahim, Zaigham `Salim Dar, Zeeshan Sikandar","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v73i5.9746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v73i5.9746","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the values of the Sacroiliac Joint Index (SI Index) in normal population and patients with sacroiliitis (SI) and the correlation of normal values with age and gender. Study Design: Prospective longitudinal study. Place and Duration of Study: Nuclear Medical Centre, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Dec 2020 to Jul 2022. Methodology: A total of 140 patients (Group-I consisting of 129 cancer patients having no clinical or radiological evidence of SI referred for metastatic/staging workup and Group-II consisting of 11 patients with clinical, laboratory and radiological diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis) who underwent whole body bone scintigraphy using Technetium Pertechnetate (Tc-99m) labelled Methylene Diphosphonate (MDP) were included. The SI Index was calculated for each patient using the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) to sacrum radiotracer uptake ratio using the ROI method. Results: The mean SI Index was 1.02±0.09, (range: 0.87-1.24) in normal individuals while 1.28±0.09 (range: 1.15-1.53) in patients with SI. A significant statistical difference was observed in both groups for the SI Index (p-<0.001). In addition, the SI Index was significantly associated with age (p=0.016) in the normal population. Conclusion: The SI Index quantification using bone scintigraphy is a sensitive and cost-effective method for detecting SI. In addition, the SI Index differs according to age, so a different cut-off value should be used for each group.","PeriodicalId":31059,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal","volume":"41 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136133871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of urinary nuclear matrix protein 22 in detection of recurrence of TCC bladder among patients who are on active surveillance by taking cystoscopic biopsy as a gold standard.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: Departments of Urology, Histopathology and Molecular Biology: Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi Pakistan, from Jan 2021 to Jun 2021.
Methodology: Total 83 patients previously biopsy proven bladder carcinoma who are on active surveillance whether or not they have received intravesical chemotherapy were included in this study. All the information were noted into proforma,
Results: The average age of the patients was 48.80±11.86 years. There were 46(55.42%) male and 37(44.58%) female. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of urinary nuclear matrix protein 22 was 88.9%, 80%, 93.3%, 69.6% and 86.7% resepctively.Practical implication: This study will help us to diagnose TCC bladder in early stages and to manage it in time sothat morbidity and mortality may be reduced.
Conclusion: Measuring NMP22 level in the blood is a very important tool for detecting Tcc of the urinary bladder as it is much specific and sensitive test.
{"title":"To Determine The Diagnostic Accuracy of Urinary Nuclear Matrix Protein 22 in Detection of Recurrence of TCC Bladder Among Patients Who Are on Active Surveillance By Taking Cystoscopic Biopsy As A Gold Standard","authors":"None Shireen Pyarali, None Sunil Kumar, None Rabeea Saleem, None Mehnaz Jabeen, None Pardeep Kumar, None Gauhar Sultan","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v73i5.11156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v73i5.11156","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of urinary nuclear matrix protein 22 in detection of recurrence of TCC bladder among patients who are on active surveillance by taking cystoscopic biopsy as a gold standard.
 Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: Departments of Urology, Histopathology and Molecular Biology: Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi Pakistan, from Jan 2021 to Jun 2021.
 Methodology: Total 83 patients previously biopsy proven bladder carcinoma who are on active surveillance whether or not they have received intravesical chemotherapy were included in this study. All the information were noted into proforma, 
 Results: The average age of the patients was 48.80±11.86 years. There were 46(55.42%) male and 37(44.58%) female. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of urinary nuclear matrix protein 22 was 88.9%, 80%, 93.3%, 69.6% and 86.7% resepctively.Practical implication: This study will help us to diagnose TCC bladder in early stages and to manage it in time sothat morbidity and mortality may be reduced.
 Conclusion: Measuring NMP22 level in the blood is a very important tool for detecting Tcc of the urinary bladder as it is much specific and sensitive test.","PeriodicalId":31059,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal","volume":"56 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136132941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v73i5.7268
Afroz Mushtaq, Ali Ayesha Khan, Razia Bano, Syeda Rifaat Qamar Naqvi, Shabnum Nawaz, Fahad Ali Khan, Sana Mushtaq, Palwasha Khan
Objective: To determine the sensitivity of axillary ultrasound in detecting axillary nodal metastasis in clinically and radiologically uninvolved axillary nodes in early carcinoma breast by comparing with sentinel node biopsy histopathology on frozen section. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Breast Clinic, CMH, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Aug 2020 to May 2021. Methodology: Patients included in the study presented with breast cancer lesions with clinically impalpable axillary lymph nodes aged 18-75. Patients with clinically impalpable nodes underwent an ultrasound of the axilla; if suspicious nodes were found, the patient had subsequent axillary node dissection. Sentinel node biopsy (SLNB) was performed on axillary ultrasound in all patients with no suspicious or benign-looking nodes. Histopathological reporting was taken as standard. Lymph nodal status on axillary ultrasound, SLN biopsy and axillary lymph node clearance were documented and analyzed. Results: Twenty-nine patients were included who had benign-looking lymph nodes on axillary ultrasound and underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy. The mean age of the patients was 54.03 ± 7.94. Out of 29 patients, 24(82.8%) patients had negative Sentinel lymph node biopsy, and 5(17.2%) had positive Sentinel lymph node biopsy, who then underwent axillary lymph node dissection. Conclusion: Sentinel lymph node biopsy is the gold standard to determine axillary lymph nodes involved in early carcinoma breast, which seem benign on pre-operative axillary ultrasound.
{"title":"Concordance between Axillary Ultrasound and Sentinel Biopsy in Clinically Node-Negative Early Breast Cancer","authors":"Afroz Mushtaq, Ali Ayesha Khan, Razia Bano, Syeda Rifaat Qamar Naqvi, Shabnum Nawaz, Fahad Ali Khan, Sana Mushtaq, Palwasha Khan","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v73i5.7268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v73i5.7268","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the sensitivity of axillary ultrasound in detecting axillary nodal metastasis in clinically and radiologically uninvolved axillary nodes in early carcinoma breast by comparing with sentinel node biopsy histopathology on frozen section. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Breast Clinic, CMH, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Aug 2020 to May 2021. Methodology: Patients included in the study presented with breast cancer lesions with clinically impalpable axillary lymph nodes aged 18-75. Patients with clinically impalpable nodes underwent an ultrasound of the axilla; if suspicious nodes were found, the patient had subsequent axillary node dissection. Sentinel node biopsy (SLNB) was performed on axillary ultrasound in all patients with no suspicious or benign-looking nodes. Histopathological reporting was taken as standard. Lymph nodal status on axillary ultrasound, SLN biopsy and axillary lymph node clearance were documented and analyzed. Results: Twenty-nine patients were included who had benign-looking lymph nodes on axillary ultrasound and underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy. The mean age of the patients was 54.03 ± 7.94. Out of 29 patients, 24(82.8%) patients had negative Sentinel lymph node biopsy, and 5(17.2%) had positive Sentinel lymph node biopsy, who then underwent axillary lymph node dissection. Conclusion: Sentinel lymph node biopsy is the gold standard to determine axillary lymph nodes involved in early carcinoma breast, which seem benign on pre-operative axillary ultrasound.","PeriodicalId":31059,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal","volume":"26 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136070835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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