Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v73i6.6904
Saba Batool, Saima Noreen, Tooba Malik, Javaria Fatima, Bushra Shaheen, Sheikh Maria Qammar
Objective: To evaluate the Nitric Oxide activity of Torilis leptophylla in Indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in mice. Study Design: Laboratory-based experimental study Place and Duration of Study: Pharmacology Department, University of Health Sciences, Lahore Pakistan, from Jan to Dec2016. Methodology: Thirty-six adult healthy male BALB/C mice with a weight range of 25-35 g were equally divided into six groups and designated as Group-I (Control), Group-II (Positive Control), Groups III to V (Torilis leptophylla extract trial Groups) and Group-VI (Omeprazole). Gastric ulceration was induced by a single dose of Indomethacin (20mg/kg) in Groups II–VI. The plant extract was administered in Groups III-V (100, 200, 300 mg/kg) whereas Omeprazole (3mg/kg) in Group-VI by gavage daily for three days as treatment of gastric ulceration. Nitric Oxide content was measured in gastric juice and serum of all groups by Nitric Oxide assay kit. Results: The positive Control-Group showed little Nitric Oxide in gastric juice and serum. Torilis leptophylla treated Groups (100 mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 300 mg/kg) showed significantly raised Nitric Oxide content in both gastric juice and serum than the Control Group (p<0.001). Conclusion: The study has determined that Torilis leptophylla possesses antiulcer and mucosal protective effects owing to the antioxidant activity of nitric oxide. This supports the use of the plant for the treatment of gastric ulcers.
{"title":"Evaluation of Nitric Oxide Activity of Torilis Leptophyllain Indomethacin Induced Gastric Ulcer in Mice","authors":"Saba Batool, Saima Noreen, Tooba Malik, Javaria Fatima, Bushra Shaheen, Sheikh Maria Qammar","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v73i6.6904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v73i6.6904","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the Nitric Oxide activity of Torilis leptophylla in Indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in mice. Study Design: Laboratory-based experimental study Place and Duration of Study: Pharmacology Department, University of Health Sciences, Lahore Pakistan, from Jan to Dec2016. Methodology: Thirty-six adult healthy male BALB/C mice with a weight range of 25-35 g were equally divided into six groups and designated as Group-I (Control), Group-II (Positive Control), Groups III to V (Torilis leptophylla extract trial Groups) and Group-VI (Omeprazole). Gastric ulceration was induced by a single dose of Indomethacin (20mg/kg) in Groups II–VI. The plant extract was administered in Groups III-V (100, 200, 300 mg/kg) whereas Omeprazole (3mg/kg) in Group-VI by gavage daily for three days as treatment of gastric ulceration. Nitric Oxide content was measured in gastric juice and serum of all groups by Nitric Oxide assay kit. Results: The positive Control-Group showed little Nitric Oxide in gastric juice and serum. Torilis leptophylla treated Groups (100 mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 300 mg/kg) showed significantly raised Nitric Oxide content in both gastric juice and serum than the Control Group (p<0.001). Conclusion: The study has determined that Torilis leptophylla possesses antiulcer and mucosal protective effects owing to the antioxidant activity of nitric oxide. This supports the use of the plant for the treatment of gastric ulcers.","PeriodicalId":31059,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal","volume":"11 3‐4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: To determine the frequency of bacterial infections and their sensitivity to various antibiotics in paediatric cancer patients having chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Paediatric Oncology ward, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jul 2018 to Jan 2019. Methodology: A total of 205 children aged one year to 12 years undergoing chemotherapy and having neutropenic fever were included. Complete history, full physical examination and related blood, microbiological and radiological investigations were undertaken. Antibiotics were given as per protocol. Results: In our study, the bacterial infections in paediatric cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia was found in 45(21.95%) patients. Of these, gram-positive organisms were found in 25(55.5%) patients and gram-negative in 20(44.4%). Conclusion: The frequency of bacterial infections in paediatric patients with chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia is quite high, with a high percentage of gram-positive bacteria.
{"title":"Pattern of Bacterial Infections in Paediatric Patients with Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia","authors":"Shakeel Ahmad Chaudhry, Tariq Ghafoor, Syeda Maher Batool, Sumaira Khalil, Tanzeela Farah","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v73i6.3602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v73i6.3602","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To determine the frequency of bacterial infections and their sensitivity to various antibiotics in paediatric cancer patients having chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Paediatric Oncology ward, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jul 2018 to Jan 2019. Methodology: A total of 205 children aged one year to 12 years undergoing chemotherapy and having neutropenic fever were included. Complete history, full physical examination and related blood, microbiological and radiological investigations were undertaken. Antibiotics were given as per protocol. Results: In our study, the bacterial infections in paediatric cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia was found in 45(21.95%) patients. Of these, gram-positive organisms were found in 25(55.5%) patients and gram-negative in 20(44.4%). Conclusion: The frequency of bacterial infections in paediatric patients with chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia is quite high, with a high percentage of gram-positive bacteria.","PeriodicalId":31059,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal","volume":"147 10‐12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v73i6.7277
Anil Babar, Riaz Ahmad, Muhammad Nadeem Piracha, Z. Amin, Ahmed Raza, Anum Zargham
Objective: To assess the frequency of FLT3/ITD mutation in patients of Acute myeloid leukaemia presenting at Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Oncology Department, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan to Jun 2020. Methodology: A sample of 46 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia was included using a non-probability, consecutive sampling technique. Genetic testing was done on all blood samples to identify FLT3-ITD mutation. Results: Out of 46, 10(21.7%) were females and 36(78.3%) were males. The FLT3/ITD mutation frequency in our study sample was 10(21.7%), with all in de-novo AML patients and none in secondary AML. White cell count (55x109), bone marrow blasts (85%) and peripheral smear blasts (75%) were high in the FLT3-ITD mutated group in comparison to the non-mutated group. Conclusion: Timely detection of FLT3/ITD mutation and an amplification of induction therapy would benefit this group of patients.
{"title":"Frequency of FLT3/ITD Mutation in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia presenting at Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi","authors":"Anil Babar, Riaz Ahmad, Muhammad Nadeem Piracha, Z. Amin, Ahmed Raza, Anum Zargham","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v73i6.7277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v73i6.7277","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the frequency of FLT3/ITD mutation in patients of Acute myeloid leukaemia presenting at Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Oncology Department, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan to Jun 2020. Methodology: A sample of 46 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia was included using a non-probability, consecutive sampling technique. Genetic testing was done on all blood samples to identify FLT3-ITD mutation. Results: Out of 46, 10(21.7%) were females and 36(78.3%) were males. The FLT3/ITD mutation frequency in our study sample was 10(21.7%), with all in de-novo AML patients and none in secondary AML. White cell count (55x109), bone marrow blasts (85%) and peripheral smear blasts (75%) were high in the FLT3-ITD mutated group in comparison to the non-mutated group. Conclusion: Timely detection of FLT3/ITD mutation and an amplification of induction therapy would benefit this group of patients.","PeriodicalId":31059,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal","volume":"60 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To find the concordance of Dermoscopic and Wood’s lamp findings in melasma patients. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Kharian Pakistan, from Nov 2020 to Sep 2021. Methodology: A total of sixty patients clinically classified as melasma were enrolled in the study. Clinical assessment was done, and patients were examined with Wood’s lamp and Dermoscope, and findings were recorded. Results: The results of concordance of Wood’s lamp findings and Dermoscopic findings were significant as analysed by Kappa Statistics where value of k was 0.597 and p-value was <0.001. Conclusion: Dermoscopy is a newer and more advanced tool. It should be used as a screening and diagnostic tool for melasma and other pigmentation disorders in our Outpatient Departments for earlier subtyping of melasma, deciding the treatment choice and predicting prognosis.
{"title":"Concordance of Dermoscopic Findings and Wood’s Lamp Findings in Melasma Patients","authors":"Amna Nasar, Aamir Habib, Qamar Ud Din, Summaya Saleem, Sadaf Jamshaid, Usman Sajid","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v73i6.7630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v73i6.7630","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To find the concordance of Dermoscopic and Wood’s lamp findings in melasma patients. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Kharian Pakistan, from Nov 2020 to Sep 2021. Methodology: A total of sixty patients clinically classified as melasma were enrolled in the study. Clinical assessment was done, and patients were examined with Wood’s lamp and Dermoscope, and findings were recorded. Results: The results of concordance of Wood’s lamp findings and Dermoscopic findings were significant as analysed by Kappa Statistics where value of k was 0.597 and p-value was <0.001. Conclusion: Dermoscopy is a newer and more advanced tool. It should be used as a screening and diagnostic tool for melasma and other pigmentation disorders in our Outpatient Departments for earlier subtyping of melasma, deciding the treatment choice and predicting prognosis.","PeriodicalId":31059,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal","volume":"329 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To evaluate the impact of adjuvant Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) therapy in neonatal sepsis. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, Mar 2019 to Mar 2020. Methodology: Thirty neonates (15 cases and 15 controls) were randomly selected for this study. The Interventional Group was given GM-CSF and standard-of-care treatment; the Control Group only received standard care. Both groups were followed for the primary outcome (i.e., discharge or death). Secondary outcomes included the effects of GM-CSF on haematological parameters of neonatal sepsis. Results: The mean gestational age of the children was 33.46±2.47 weeks. In the Interventional-Group, 56.7% of the neonates were discharged with the resolution of the sepsis. There was no significant difference concerning the secondary outcome, but the mortality was higher in the neonates among the Control-Group (p-value>0.05). Conclusion: Our study showed no difference in mortality between the Interventional and the Control Groups. The GM-CSF therapy could be used as an adjuvant therapy in neonates with neonatal sepsis to increase the total leukocyte and absolute neutrophil counts. Further studies are needed to holistically chart the clinical benefit of GM-CSF adjuvant therapy.
{"title":"The Effect of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor on Neutropenia and Mortality in Neonatal Sepsis","authors":"Syed Arsalan Hassan, Zeeshan Ahmed, Uneeba Syed, Muhammad Tariq Nadeem, Arshad Khushdil","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v73i6.7456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v73i6.7456","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the impact of adjuvant Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) therapy in neonatal sepsis. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, Mar 2019 to Mar 2020. Methodology: Thirty neonates (15 cases and 15 controls) were randomly selected for this study. The Interventional Group was given GM-CSF and standard-of-care treatment; the Control Group only received standard care. Both groups were followed for the primary outcome (i.e., discharge or death). Secondary outcomes included the effects of GM-CSF on haematological parameters of neonatal sepsis. Results: The mean gestational age of the children was 33.46±2.47 weeks. In the Interventional-Group, 56.7% of the neonates were discharged with the resolution of the sepsis. There was no significant difference concerning the secondary outcome, but the mortality was higher in the neonates among the Control-Group (p-value>0.05). Conclusion: Our study showed no difference in mortality between the Interventional and the Control Groups. The GM-CSF therapy could be used as an adjuvant therapy in neonates with neonatal sepsis to increase the total leukocyte and absolute neutrophil counts. Further studies are needed to holistically chart the clinical benefit of GM-CSF adjuvant therapy.","PeriodicalId":31059,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal","volume":"159 5‐7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v73i6.6428
Farukh Mir Muhammad, Farhan Akhtar, Nighat Jamal, Rabia Ahmed, Muhammad Asif, Fatima Wahan
Objective: To determine the diagnostic ability of Beta-catenin in poorly differentiated colorectal carcinomas. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Histopathology PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi Pakistan from Jun 2019 to Jun 2020 Methodology: After ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board, 60 patients of both gender and all age group, diagnosed with a case of colorectal carcinoma on biopsy and resection specimens analyzed on histopathology on H & E staining at PNS SHIFA were included in the study. The resection specimens of CRC included those obtained from hemicolectomy, abdominoperineal resection and biopsies. Beta-catenin was interpreted using immunohistochemistry as cytoplasmic and nuclear staining with varying intensity. The scoring method was 0 as negative, 1+ as weakly positive, 2+ as moderate positive, and 3+ as strongly positive. Results: Among the 60 patients with resection specimens included from hemicolectomy, abdominoperineal resection and colorectal biopsies, strong nuclear positive results were observed in 30(50 %) patients, moderate nuclear positivity in 12 (20 %), weak nuclear positivity in 6(10 %) and positive cytoplasmic staining in 12(20 %) patients. Conclusion: Beta-catenin can be used successfully as a diagnostic utility in poorly differentiated colorectal carcinoma patients.
{"title":"Diagnostic Utility of Beta-Catenin in Poorly Differentiated Colorectal Carcinoma","authors":"Farukh Mir Muhammad, Farhan Akhtar, Nighat Jamal, Rabia Ahmed, Muhammad Asif, Fatima Wahan","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v73i6.6428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v73i6.6428","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the diagnostic ability of Beta-catenin in poorly differentiated colorectal carcinomas. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Histopathology PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi Pakistan from Jun 2019 to Jun 2020 Methodology: After ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board, 60 patients of both gender and all age group, diagnosed with a case of colorectal carcinoma on biopsy and resection specimens analyzed on histopathology on H & E staining at PNS SHIFA were included in the study. The resection specimens of CRC included those obtained from hemicolectomy, abdominoperineal resection and biopsies. Beta-catenin was interpreted using immunohistochemistry as cytoplasmic and nuclear staining with varying intensity. The scoring method was 0 as negative, 1+ as weakly positive, 2+ as moderate positive, and 3+ as strongly positive. Results: Among the 60 patients with resection specimens included from hemicolectomy, abdominoperineal resection and colorectal biopsies, strong nuclear positive results were observed in 30(50 %) patients, moderate nuclear positivity in 12 (20 %), weak nuclear positivity in 6(10 %) and positive cytoplasmic staining in 12(20 %) patients. Conclusion: Beta-catenin can be used successfully as a diagnostic utility in poorly differentiated colorectal carcinoma patients.","PeriodicalId":31059,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139152063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v73i6.6545
Farah Shaheen, Muhammad Salman Bashir, N. Anwar, Nosheen Manzoor, Kehkshan Khalid, Sana Tauqeer
Objective: To determine the effect of Mechanical cervical traction and Laser therapy along with isometric neck exercises in cervical radiculopathy patients. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Kannan Physiotherapy and Spine Clinic, Lahore Pakistan, from Jul to Dec 2020. Methodology: The study included cervical radiculopathy patients with symptoms for over two weeks. The diagnosis was confirmed by the orthopaedic department. The subjects were allocated to two equal groups by lottery method. Group-A Received Laser therapy with isometric neck exercises, and Group-B received mechanical traction with isometric neck exercises. The neck disability index, numeric pain rating scale and patient-specific function scale were used to collect data, which was analyzed using SPSS-22. Results: Out of the 128 patients, 64(50%) were in each of the two groups. The overall mean age was 41.95±36.50years, and 76(59.4%) participants were male. After three weeks of treatment sessions, statistically significant improvement was found in decreasing pain within group B having mechanical traction along isometric neck exercises (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study concluded that both treatment techniques, Laser therapy with isometric neck exercises and mechanical traction with isometric neck exercises, effectively decreased pain; however, mechanical traction with isometric neck exercises was superior.
{"title":"Effects of Multi-modal Therapeutic Approach in Cervical Radiculopathy","authors":"Farah Shaheen, Muhammad Salman Bashir, N. Anwar, Nosheen Manzoor, Kehkshan Khalid, Sana Tauqeer","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v73i6.6545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v73i6.6545","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the effect of Mechanical cervical traction and Laser therapy along with isometric neck exercises in cervical radiculopathy patients. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Kannan Physiotherapy and Spine Clinic, Lahore Pakistan, from Jul to Dec 2020. Methodology: The study included cervical radiculopathy patients with symptoms for over two weeks. The diagnosis was confirmed by the orthopaedic department. The subjects were allocated to two equal groups by lottery method. Group-A Received Laser therapy with isometric neck exercises, and Group-B received mechanical traction with isometric neck exercises. The neck disability index, numeric pain rating scale and patient-specific function scale were used to collect data, which was analyzed using SPSS-22. Results: Out of the 128 patients, 64(50%) were in each of the two groups. The overall mean age was 41.95±36.50years, and 76(59.4%) participants were male. After three weeks of treatment sessions, statistically significant improvement was found in decreasing pain within group B having mechanical traction along isometric neck exercises (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study concluded that both treatment techniques, Laser therapy with isometric neck exercises and mechanical traction with isometric neck exercises, effectively decreased pain; however, mechanical traction with isometric neck exercises was superior.","PeriodicalId":31059,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal","volume":"18 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139148356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v73i6.7717
Anwaar Ahmad, Muhammad Rafiq Zafar, Adnan Ali, Omer Riaz, Abdul Jabbar Arif, Abu Sufyan
Objective: To determine the 30-day morbidity and mortality after radical cystectomy in carcinoma urinary bladder using a validated system. Study Design: Retrospective longitudinal study. Place and Duration of study: Armed Forces Institute of Urology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jun 2016 to Jul 2021. Methodology: After Institutional Ethical Review Board approval, data of all patients of carcinoma urinary bladder who underwent radical cystectomy during five years at Armed Forces Institute of Urology, was collected. Data was retrieved retrospectively from the hospital operative database, indoor patient records and by contacting the patients on their given telephone numbers. Results: In the study population (n=39), a male preponderance was found (36,92.3%). Mean age was 56.7±8.96 years (range 32-72). 26(66.7%) patients were smokers and 16(41%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. 9(23.7%) patients had Clavien-DindoGrade-I complications, 6(15.38%) had Grade-II, 2(5.12%) had Grade- IIIA, 2(5.12%) Grade IIIB, 1(2.56%) Grade-IVA, 1(2.56%)had Grade IVB, 2(5.12%) had Grade V complications. The total complications were 23(58.97%), and 16(41.03%) patients had nopost-operative complications. 21(53.85%) patients had less than 14 days post-op operative hospital stay, and 18(46.15%) hadmore than 14 days post-op operative hospital stay. Conclusion: Radical cystectomy is still associated with high early post-op mortality and morbidity. Careful patient selection and thorough counselling before the procedure are very important.
{"title":"Thirty-day Morbidity and Mortality after Radical Cystectomy in Carcinoma Urinary Bladder; A Single Centre Experience","authors":"Anwaar Ahmad, Muhammad Rafiq Zafar, Adnan Ali, Omer Riaz, Abdul Jabbar Arif, Abu Sufyan","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v73i6.7717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v73i6.7717","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the 30-day morbidity and mortality after radical cystectomy in carcinoma urinary bladder using a validated system. Study Design: Retrospective longitudinal study. Place and Duration of study: Armed Forces Institute of Urology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jun 2016 to Jul 2021. Methodology: After Institutional Ethical Review Board approval, data of all patients of carcinoma urinary bladder who underwent radical cystectomy during five years at Armed Forces Institute of Urology, was collected. Data was retrieved retrospectively from the hospital operative database, indoor patient records and by contacting the patients on their given telephone numbers. Results: In the study population (n=39), a male preponderance was found (36,92.3%). Mean age was 56.7±8.96 years (range 32-72). 26(66.7%) patients were smokers and 16(41%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. 9(23.7%) patients had Clavien-DindoGrade-I complications, 6(15.38%) had Grade-II, 2(5.12%) had Grade- IIIA, 2(5.12%) Grade IIIB, 1(2.56%) Grade-IVA, 1(2.56%)had Grade IVB, 2(5.12%) had Grade V complications. The total complications were 23(58.97%), and 16(41.03%) patients had nopost-operative complications. 21(53.85%) patients had less than 14 days post-op operative hospital stay, and 18(46.15%) hadmore than 14 days post-op operative hospital stay. Conclusion: Radical cystectomy is still associated with high early post-op mortality and morbidity. Careful patient selection and thorough counselling before the procedure are very important.","PeriodicalId":31059,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal","volume":"333 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v73i6.4846
Ali Farhan, Ijaz Rasul, Sahar Fazal, A. Hayat, Nayyer Masood, Alam Shah, Ali Hassan, Ghulam Ali, Usama Munir
Objective: To explore the techniques for predicting risk-causing arrhythmia in cardiac patients. Study Design: Prospective longitudinal Study Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, and Government College University, Faisalabad from Jul to Oct 2017. Methodology: The Electrocardiograms of 24-hour Holter monitoring were collected from the Electrophysiology Department. Electrocardiogram data was collected in the portable document format that was further transformed into Image format for computational analysis. Administrative data were analysed in multiple episodes of cardiac arrhythmogenesis. Data were classified by using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based on computing the results of selected T-waves in three consecutive peaks within each cardiac cycle of patients. Results: One hundred twenty-six patients diagnosed with arrhythmia were selected. The mean episode of premature ventricular contractions in participants was 21.5±30. The mean duration of significant ECG episodes was 3.33±9.65 (seconds). The accuracy and precision rate of the classifier was about 81% for the overall significance of data that exhibited the risk of causing future life-threatening arrhythmia. Conclusion: This study introduces an innovative approach based on clinical paradigms that may help prevent the upcoming cardiac arrhythmogenesis events.
{"title":"An Innovative Approach for the Prediction of Future Arrhythmia through T-wave Alternans on Surface Electrocardiogram (ECG)","authors":"Ali Farhan, Ijaz Rasul, Sahar Fazal, A. Hayat, Nayyer Masood, Alam Shah, Ali Hassan, Ghulam Ali, Usama Munir","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v73i6.4846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v73i6.4846","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To explore the techniques for predicting risk-causing arrhythmia in cardiac patients. Study Design: Prospective longitudinal Study Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, and Government College University, Faisalabad from Jul to Oct 2017. Methodology: The Electrocardiograms of 24-hour Holter monitoring were collected from the Electrophysiology Department. Electrocardiogram data was collected in the portable document format that was further transformed into Image format for computational analysis. Administrative data were analysed in multiple episodes of cardiac arrhythmogenesis. Data were classified by using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based on computing the results of selected T-waves in three consecutive peaks within each cardiac cycle of patients. Results: One hundred twenty-six patients diagnosed with arrhythmia were selected. The mean episode of premature ventricular contractions in participants was 21.5±30. The mean duration of significant ECG episodes was 3.33±9.65 (seconds). The accuracy and precision rate of the classifier was about 81% for the overall significance of data that exhibited the risk of causing future life-threatening arrhythmia. Conclusion: This study introduces an innovative approach based on clinical paradigms that may help prevent the upcoming cardiac arrhythmogenesis events.","PeriodicalId":31059,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal","volume":"53 s45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139150349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v73i6.7577
Hamayun Mumtaz, M. Aamir, Usama Bin Khali̇d, Faraz Basharat Khan, A. Bibi, Z. Haroon
Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of plasma Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC), taking histological findings as the reference standard. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, in collaboration with Armed Forces Institute of Urology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Sep 2020 to Jun 2021. Methodology: The study comprised sixty-two (62) diagnosed cases of RCC. All the patients had nephrectomy, and histopathological findings confirmed the diagnosis. Plasma samples for GAG levels were collected in EDTA tubes and assayed by manual ELISA. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed, and the Area Under the Curve (AUC) was calculated. Results: The mean age of the study population was 52.7+10.5 years. At a cut-off of 34 ng/ml, the sensitivity and specificity of plasma GAG levels were 83.9% and 94.2%, respectively, in diagnosing RCC taking biopsy as a gold standard. Positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) at this cut-off were 93.7% and 84.9% respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) for plasma GAG levels was 0.97, which further supported the use of this test in diagnosing RCC. Conclusion: Plasma GAG levels can be used as a promising diagnostic test in patients with RCC. It can prove relatively more convenient and cost-effective for diagnosing such cases.
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