Tumor biomarkers have great potential in screening and their role could extend further from general population risk assessment to treatment response estimation and recurrence monitoring. Different molecular and cellular elements in blood, which give information about the status of an individual, make it a perfect compartment to develop noninvasive diagnostics approaches for cancer. The present study aimed to screen the most frequent tumor markers in the Angolan population according to age and gender. A whole blood sample was collected for each patient. Serum levels were measured using the electrochemiluminescence method, using the automated Cobas e411 equipment (Roche®) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The results of our study elucidated the relevance of tumor biomarkers in screening for different types of cancer. These results also highlight the robustness of the mean in suspected cases, which is 15 to 17 times higher in some markers than in non-suspected cases. More research is needed to elucidate the relevance of these biomarkers in the Angolan population.
{"title":"Cancer Screening in Angolan Individuals Using Tumor Marker Tests at MEDIAG, Luanda-Angola","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijcrt.09.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijcrt.09.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"Tumor biomarkers have great potential in screening and their role could extend further from general population risk assessment to treatment response estimation and recurrence monitoring. Different molecular and cellular elements in blood, which give information about the status of an individual, make it a perfect compartment to develop noninvasive diagnostics approaches for cancer. The present study aimed to screen the most frequent tumor markers in the Angolan population according to age and gender. A whole blood sample was collected for each patient. Serum levels were measured using the electrochemiluminescence method, using the automated Cobas e411 equipment (Roche®) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The results of our study elucidated the relevance of tumor biomarkers in screening for different types of cancer. These results also highlight the robustness of the mean in suspected cases, which is 15 to 17 times higher in some markers than in non-suspected cases. More research is needed to elucidate the relevance of these biomarkers in the Angolan population.","PeriodicalId":310821,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Research & Therapy","volume":" 83","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139628156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Tonsil malignancy is one of the most common oropharyngeal cancer and can affect the posterior and lateral of pharyngeal walls, soft palate, and one third of the tongue, The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that patients with tonsil cancer have energy deficiency inside the five internal massive organs of the five elements of traditional Chinese medicine and the treatment of this condition is very important in these kinds of patients to increase the immune system and reduce the chance to have recurrence, metastasis or other types of cancer. Methods: one case report of a 63 years-old male patient with history of tonsil cancer seven years ago (2016) treated with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. He went to my clinic to measure the energy of the five internal massive organs (Liver, Heart, Spleen, Lungs and Kidney) using radiesthesia procedure. Results: all organs were in the lowest level of energy, rated one out of eight. The treatment of his condition consisted in Chinese dietary counseling, auricular acupuncture with apex ear bloodletting, systemic acupuncture and replenishing these organs energy using highly diluted medications according to the theory of Constitutional Homeopathy of the Five Elements Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine and crystal-based medications. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is to demonstrate that patients with tonsil cancer have energy deficiency of the five internal massive organs of the five elements theory of traditional Chinese medicine and the treatment of this condition is of paramount importance to treat the cause of the formation of tonsil cancer and not just treating the symptoms, that is the formation of tonsil cancer itself.
{"title":"Energy Alterations in Patients with Tonsil Cancer","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijcrt.09.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijcrt.09.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Tonsil malignancy is one of the most common oropharyngeal cancer and can affect the posterior and lateral of pharyngeal walls, soft palate, and one third of the tongue, The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that patients with tonsil cancer have energy deficiency inside the five internal massive organs of the five elements of traditional Chinese medicine and the treatment of this condition is very important in these kinds of patients to increase the immune system and reduce the chance to have recurrence, metastasis or other types of cancer. Methods: one case report of a 63 years-old male patient with history of tonsil cancer seven years ago (2016) treated with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. He went to my clinic to measure the energy of the five internal massive organs (Liver, Heart, Spleen, Lungs and Kidney) using radiesthesia procedure. Results: all organs were in the lowest level of energy, rated one out of eight. The treatment of his condition consisted in Chinese dietary counseling, auricular acupuncture with apex ear bloodletting, systemic acupuncture and replenishing these organs energy using highly diluted medications according to the theory of Constitutional Homeopathy of the Five Elements Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine and crystal-based medications. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is to demonstrate that patients with tonsil cancer have energy deficiency of the five internal massive organs of the five elements theory of traditional Chinese medicine and the treatment of this condition is of paramount importance to treat the cause of the formation of tonsil cancer and not just treating the symptoms, that is the formation of tonsil cancer itself.","PeriodicalId":310821,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Research & Therapy","volume":"36 S150","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139629949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Cancer in colon and rectum are the third most common malignancies diagnosed and second most deadly in both sexes. According to traditional Chinese medicine, patients with cancer has energy deficiency and Heat retention. Purpose: to demonstrate that patients with colorectal cancer has in the back ground energy deficiency and formation of internal Heat in the five internal massive organs (Liver, heart, Spleen, Lungs and Kidney) that is predisposing them to have cancer. Methods: through two cases reports of couple who had diagnosis of rectum cancer (in man) and malignancy tumor in the large intestine in the women. Both underwent to surgery, to take out the tumor. They went to my clinic after a year, for another reason and I measured the energy of the internal five massive organs, according to traditional Chinese medicine’s reasoning, by measuring the chakras’ energy centers using a crystal-pendulum through the radiesthesia procedure. Results: what I found was that all the internal massive organs, that corresponds to the chakras’ energy centers were in the lowest level of energy, rated one out of eight with exception of the seventh chakra, that was normal, rated in eight. Conclusion: the conclusion of this study is that patients with colorectum cancer has energy deficiency in the internal five massive organs. This result is important to us to understand how is formed colorectal cancer, in the energy point of view, because treating this condition of energy deficiency state could be one reason to establish preventive measurement for the formation of all types of cancer, in this case, colorectal cancer
{"title":"Energy Alterations in Patients with Colon-Rectal Cancer","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijcrt.09.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijcrt.09.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cancer in colon and rectum are the third most common malignancies diagnosed and second most deadly in both sexes. According to traditional Chinese medicine, patients with cancer has energy deficiency and Heat retention. Purpose: to demonstrate that patients with colorectal cancer has in the back ground energy deficiency and formation of internal Heat in the five internal massive organs (Liver, heart, Spleen, Lungs and Kidney) that is predisposing them to have cancer. Methods: through two cases reports of couple who had diagnosis of rectum cancer (in man) and malignancy tumor in the large intestine in the women. Both underwent to surgery, to take out the tumor. They went to my clinic after a year, for another reason and I measured the energy of the internal five massive organs, according to traditional Chinese medicine’s reasoning, by measuring the chakras’ energy centers using a crystal-pendulum through the radiesthesia procedure. Results: what I found was that all the internal massive organs, that corresponds to the chakras’ energy centers were in the lowest level of energy, rated one out of eight with exception of the seventh chakra, that was normal, rated in eight. Conclusion: the conclusion of this study is that patients with colorectum cancer has energy deficiency in the internal five massive organs. This result is important to us to understand how is formed colorectal cancer, in the energy point of view, because treating this condition of energy deficiency state could be one reason to establish preventive measurement for the formation of all types of cancer, in this case, colorectal cancer","PeriodicalId":310821,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Research & Therapy","volume":"30 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139630296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The majority of the studies after the COVID-19 pandemic are saying the necessity of cancer patients to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that patients with cancer have energy deficiency inside the five internal massive organs of the five elements theory of traditional Chinese medicine and the use of any kind of medication, vaccine, or devices such as the use of metallic implants in orthopedic or dentists surgeries can reduce even more the energy of these patients, worsening their immune system leading to more propensity to have metastasis after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: Three case reports. Two are females that have breast cancer diagnosed five years before the COVID-19 pandemic. Both received chemotherapy and three doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. One male patient had thyroid cancer (diagnosed four years ago) metastasis after receiving three doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. They were submitted to the measurement of the energy of the five internal massive organs of the five elements of traditional Chinese medicine using the radiesthesia procedure. Results: All three patients were in the lowest level of energy of the Liver, Heart, Spleen, Lungs, and Kidney, rated one out of eight. Both females presented Lung metastasis diagnosed through the computed magnetic resonance and the male patient presented bone metastasis leading to spontaneous femur fracture. All these complications occurred after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is to demonstrate that cancer patients have energy deficiency inside the five internal massive organs of the five elements of traditional Chinese medicine and the use of highly concentrated vaccines such as the COVID-19 vaccine can reduce even more this energy and cause more immune suppression, leading to more propensity to have metastasis in patients with cancer, as shown in these three patients reported in this article.
{"title":"What are the Risk Factors for the Development of Metastasis in Patients with Cancer After Receiving the COVID-19 Vaccine?","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijcrt.08.03.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijcrt.08.03.04","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The majority of the studies after the COVID-19 pandemic are saying the necessity of cancer patients to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that patients with cancer have energy deficiency inside the five internal massive organs of the five elements theory of traditional Chinese medicine and the use of any kind of medication, vaccine, or devices such as the use of metallic implants in orthopedic or dentists surgeries can reduce even more the energy of these patients, worsening their immune system leading to more propensity to have metastasis after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: Three case reports. Two are females that have breast cancer diagnosed five years before the COVID-19 pandemic. Both received chemotherapy and three doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. One male patient had thyroid cancer (diagnosed four years ago) metastasis after receiving three doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. They were submitted to the measurement of the energy of the five internal massive organs of the five elements of traditional Chinese medicine using the radiesthesia procedure. Results: All three patients were in the lowest level of energy of the Liver, Heart, Spleen, Lungs, and Kidney, rated one out of eight. Both females presented Lung metastasis diagnosed through the computed magnetic resonance and the male patient presented bone metastasis leading to spontaneous femur fracture. All these complications occurred after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is to demonstrate that cancer patients have energy deficiency inside the five internal massive organs of the five elements of traditional Chinese medicine and the use of highly concentrated vaccines such as the COVID-19 vaccine can reduce even more this energy and cause more immune suppression, leading to more propensity to have metastasis in patients with cancer, as shown in these three patients reported in this article.","PeriodicalId":310821,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Research & Therapy","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123691778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The occurrence of cancer can be prevented through primary prevention: maintaining desirable body weight, adequate nutrition, sufficient intake of fruits and vegetables, regular physical activity, changes in sexual behavior and reduced exposure to carcinogens in the environment, and avoiding tobacco and alcohol. Scientific research indicates that one-third of the disease can be prevented primarily by stopping smoking and changing eating habits. Early detection of cancer, or screening, plays a very important role in the fight against cancer
{"title":"The Occurrence of Cancer can be Prevented","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijcrt.08.03.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijcrt.08.03.03","url":null,"abstract":"The occurrence of cancer can be prevented through primary prevention: maintaining desirable body weight, adequate nutrition, sufficient intake of fruits and vegetables, regular physical activity, changes in sexual behavior and reduced exposure to carcinogens in the environment, and avoiding tobacco and alcohol. Scientific research indicates that one-third of the disease can be prevented primarily by stopping smoking and changing eating habits. Early detection of cancer, or screening, plays a very important role in the fight against cancer","PeriodicalId":310821,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Research & Therapy","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125178753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 61-year-old man suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma was treated with Mid-Infrared rays (MIFR) irradiation. The patient was diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma at a hospital referred by his primary doctor, with markedly elevated values of tumor markers, and started oral administration of molecular target drugs. Initially, the tumor marker decreased once, but increased again 6 months after the start of therapy. Following the increase, the patient started MIFR irradiation therapy at our institution. After that, according to our instructions, the molecular target drug was tapered off (1/2, then 1/4), and finally oral administration was discontinued, and only MIFR irradiation therapy was performed. From the 12th month after the start of MIFR irradiation therapy, the tumor marker has maintained the reference value, and the growth of the tumor has disappeared in the abdominal CT imaging examination.
{"title":"A Case of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Mid-Infrared Rays","authors":"Case Report, Junko Shima","doi":"10.33140/ijcrt.08.03.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijcrt.08.03.02","url":null,"abstract":"A 61-year-old man suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma was treated with Mid-Infrared rays (MIFR) irradiation. The patient was diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma at a hospital referred by his primary doctor, with markedly elevated values of tumor markers, and started oral administration of molecular target drugs. Initially, the tumor marker decreased once, but increased again 6 months after the start of therapy. Following the increase, the patient started MIFR irradiation therapy at our institution. After that, according to our instructions, the molecular target drug was tapered off (1/2, then 1/4), and finally oral administration was discontinued, and only MIFR irradiation therapy was performed. From the 12th month after the start of MIFR irradiation therapy, the tumor marker has maintained the reference value, and the growth of the tumor has disappeared in the abdominal CT imaging examination.","PeriodicalId":310821,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Research & Therapy","volume":"37 11-12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132728206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rizka Vidya, Lestari, R. V. Lestari, Neni Arshita, Dewi Kartikawati Paramita, Susana H. Hutajulu
Background: Microsatellite instability (MSI) is one of the important pathways involved in development of colorectal cancer (CRC). MSI occurs due to mutations or hypermethylation of negative MMR proteins MLH1 and PMS2. The accumulation of mutations at microsatellite locus accelerated the development of CRC. Characteristics of CRC patients with MSI are not sensitive to 5FU chemotherapy and have a good clinical outcomes that can be used as a prognostic factor and a predictor of therapy. Therefore MSI detection is needed. Method: A retrospective cross-sectional study of 80 CRC slides obtained from DR. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta and clinical laboratory in 2010-2016. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-MLH1 and anti PMS2 antibodies to see MSI status. Negative MLH1 expression is called MSI MLH1 positive and PMS2 negative expression is called positive MSI PMS2. The association between MSI MLH1 and PMS2 with clinicopathology parameters was analyzed using Chi square. Results: Colorectal cancer patients MSI MLH1 as much as 44 (61.1%), MSI PMS2 as much as 21 (29.2%) and, MSI MLH1 and PMS2 simultaneously as much as 18 (25.0%). MSI MLH1 and PMS2 positive are found in ≥50 years old. The number of male patients is more than women. Most of the patients had a T3-T4 tumor size with advanced stage and well differentiated. MSI MLH1 associated with tumor differentiation (p = 0.011). Conclusion: MSI MLH1 is associated with tumor differentiation (p = 0.011), but, no association with the other clinicopathology parameters. MSI PMS2 is not associated to the overall clinicopathology parameters. MSI MLH1 and PMS2 are not simultaneously associated with all clinicopathology parameters (p> 0.05)
{"title":"Association Between Microsatellite Instability (MSI) based on MLH1 and PMS2 Marker with Clinicopathological Features of Colorectal Cancer Patients","authors":"Rizka Vidya, Lestari, R. V. Lestari, Neni Arshita, Dewi Kartikawati Paramita, Susana H. Hutajulu","doi":"10.33140/ijcrt.08.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijcrt.08.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Microsatellite instability (MSI) is one of the important pathways involved in development of colorectal cancer (CRC). MSI occurs due to mutations or hypermethylation of negative MMR proteins MLH1 and PMS2. The accumulation of mutations at microsatellite locus accelerated the development of CRC. Characteristics of CRC patients with MSI are not sensitive to 5FU chemotherapy and have a good clinical outcomes that can be used as a prognostic factor and a predictor of therapy. Therefore MSI detection is needed. Method: A retrospective cross-sectional study of 80 CRC slides obtained from DR. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta and clinical laboratory in 2010-2016. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-MLH1 and anti PMS2 antibodies to see MSI status. Negative MLH1 expression is called MSI MLH1 positive and PMS2 negative expression is called positive MSI PMS2. The association between MSI MLH1 and PMS2 with clinicopathology parameters was analyzed using Chi square. Results: Colorectal cancer patients MSI MLH1 as much as 44 (61.1%), MSI PMS2 as much as 21 (29.2%) and, MSI MLH1 and PMS2 simultaneously as much as 18 (25.0%). MSI MLH1 and PMS2 positive are found in ≥50 years old. The number of male patients is more than women. Most of the patients had a T3-T4 tumor size with advanced stage and well differentiated. MSI MLH1 associated with tumor differentiation (p = 0.011). Conclusion: MSI MLH1 is associated with tumor differentiation (p = 0.011), but, no association with the other clinicopathology parameters. MSI PMS2 is not associated to the overall clinicopathology parameters. MSI MLH1 and PMS2 are not simultaneously associated with all clinicopathology parameters (p> 0.05)","PeriodicalId":310821,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Research & Therapy","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123888348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cancer diagnosis which is made at a later stage than it could have been, due to various reasons such as missed or misinterpreted symptoms, delayed medical consultations, or delayed diagnostic tests, is a significant public health issue which sequentially affect the prognosis and survival rates of cancer patients. A late cancer diagnosis can have devastating consequences as many patients miss an important window of time in which cancer treatment can be most effective. As a result, time left untreated can allow cancer to grow and spread to other parts of the body, making treatment even more difficult or impossible at all. A literature review of relevant studies reveals several factors that contribute to delayed cancer diagnosis, including patient-related factors, healthcare system-related factors, and provider-related factors. Commonly and even strangely, for some type’s cancer, patients do not exhibit clear signs until later stages with which the cancer may have metastasized to other parts of the body. This can be seen when cancer screening indicated false negative results, and in this case, delayed diagnosis is unavoidable due to lack of observable symptoms.
{"title":"Delays in Cancer Diagnosis: Review of a Theoretical Literature","authors":"Jehovanis Manirakomeye","doi":"10.33140/ijcrt.08.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijcrt.08.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer diagnosis which is made at a later stage than it could have been, due to various reasons such as missed or misinterpreted symptoms, delayed medical consultations, or delayed diagnostic tests, is a significant public health issue which sequentially affect the prognosis and survival rates of cancer patients. A late cancer diagnosis can have devastating consequences as many patients miss an important window of time in which cancer treatment can be most effective. As a result, time left untreated can allow cancer to grow and spread to other parts of the body, making treatment even more difficult or impossible at all. A literature review of relevant studies reveals several factors that contribute to delayed cancer diagnosis, including patient-related factors, healthcare system-related factors, and provider-related factors. Commonly and even strangely, for some type’s cancer, patients do not exhibit clear signs until later stages with which the cancer may have metastasized to other parts of the body. This can be seen when cancer screening indicated false negative results, and in this case, delayed diagnosis is unavoidable due to lack of observable symptoms.","PeriodicalId":310821,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Research & Therapy","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117324906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: HER2 amplification/overexpression is the predictive biomarker for HER2-targeted therapy. The aim of this study is to investigate whether droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) using the HER2/EIF2C1 ratio could be an alternative HER2 detection assay in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) BC tissues with low or equivocal HER2 expression. Methods and Patients: We determined HER2 status by ddPCR in 150 FFPE BC tissues previously classified as IHC1+, IHC2+, and IHC3+; 90 of these were previously determined as FISH-negative and FISH-positive. Optimal cutoff thresholds for the HER2/EIF2C1 ratio, determined by the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve, were 2.72 (98% sensitivity, 88% specificity) and 2.64 (89.23% sensitivity, 92% specificity) using IHC and FISH as standard methods, respectively. Results: The concordance rate of HER2 status (n=144) determined by IHC/FISH and ddPCR was 89.58% (kappa=0.791, 89.85% sensitivity, 89.33% specificity). The HER2/EIF2C1 ratio in the IHC3+ group was significantly higher than in IHC1+ and IHC2+ groups (P<0.0001). In IHC3+, the concordance between IHC/FISH and ddPCR was 98% (kappa=1.00). In IHC2+ (n=44), the concordance between FISH and ddPCR was 79.54% (kappa=0.579, 65% sensitivity, 91.7% specificity); the HER2/EIF2C1 ratio in FISH-positive cases was significantly higher than in FISH-negative cases (P<0.001). Interestingly, 12% of IHC1+ cases showed HER2 amplification by ddPCR. Conclusion: Thus, ddPCR using the HER2/EIF2C1 ratio is a robust, sensitive, and accurate assay and represents an alternative method to determine HER2 amplification. This technique should be used to clarify HER2 amplification in breast cancer patients with low or equivocal HER2 expression (IHC1+ or IHC2+ with FISH-negative), which may benefit from novel HER2-directed ADCs. The heterogeneity of HER2-expressing cells contributes to discordant results between ddPCR and FISH.
{"title":"Droplet Digital PCR Using HER2/EIF2C1 Ratio for Detection of HER2 Amplification in FFPE Breast Cancer Tissues with Low or Equivocal HER2 Expression","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijcrt.08.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijcrt.08.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"Background: HER2 amplification/overexpression is the predictive biomarker for HER2-targeted therapy. The aim of this study is to investigate whether droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) using the HER2/EIF2C1 ratio could be an alternative HER2 detection assay in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) BC tissues with low or equivocal HER2 expression. Methods and Patients: We determined HER2 status by ddPCR in 150 FFPE BC tissues previously classified as IHC1+, IHC2+, and IHC3+; 90 of these were previously determined as FISH-negative and FISH-positive. Optimal cutoff thresholds for the HER2/EIF2C1 ratio, determined by the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve, were 2.72 (98% sensitivity, 88% specificity) and 2.64 (89.23% sensitivity, 92% specificity) using IHC and FISH as standard methods, respectively. Results: The concordance rate of HER2 status (n=144) determined by IHC/FISH and ddPCR was 89.58% (kappa=0.791, 89.85% sensitivity, 89.33% specificity). The HER2/EIF2C1 ratio in the IHC3+ group was significantly higher than in IHC1+ and IHC2+ groups (P<0.0001). In IHC3+, the concordance between IHC/FISH and ddPCR was 98% (kappa=1.00). In IHC2+ (n=44), the concordance between FISH and ddPCR was 79.54% (kappa=0.579, 65% sensitivity, 91.7% specificity); the HER2/EIF2C1 ratio in FISH-positive cases was significantly higher than in FISH-negative cases (P<0.001). Interestingly, 12% of IHC1+ cases showed HER2 amplification by ddPCR. Conclusion: Thus, ddPCR using the HER2/EIF2C1 ratio is a robust, sensitive, and accurate assay and represents an alternative method to determine HER2 amplification. This technique should be used to clarify HER2 amplification in breast cancer patients with low or equivocal HER2 expression (IHC1+ or IHC2+ with FISH-negative), which may benefit from novel HER2-directed ADCs. The heterogeneity of HER2-expressing cells contributes to discordant results between ddPCR and FISH.","PeriodicalId":310821,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Research & Therapy","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126673130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oil from Nigella sativa seeds (“black seed oil”) has been used for health care and medical purposes for over 2000 years. The major active compound thymoquinone (TQ) has been shown to have immune regulatory effects in various diseases. Tumor microenvironment is critical for tumor development. Immune cells, particularly T cells, are central players to kill tumor cells and affect tumor progression and metastasis. The impact of TQ on human T cell-mediated anti-tumor response was investigated. Using human PBMCs, we activated T cells with anti-CD3/CD28 in vitro, and treated cells with TQ. First, we tested the impact of TQ on T cell activation, proliferation and apoptosis; second, the anti-tumor effect of T cells after treatment with TQ; last, we determined alterations in T cells gene expression at the RNA level after TQ treatment. TQ treatment increased activation and proliferation of T cells at days 2-4 and more activation-induced cell death at day 3. After 7-11 days, TQ-treated cells showed less survival than cells treated with control medium. At low TQ concentration (10uM), treatment induced more CD3+ T cell proliferation; while at 20uM and 50uM TQ showed more cytotoxic effect to T cells, and more cell death. When co-cultured with multiple types of cancer cells, TQ-treated T cells exhibited significantly enhanced anti-tumor activity, indicated by more tumor cell apoptosis and less cell expansion. Gene expression study showed upregulation of NFAT signaling pathway, including 10+ fold up-regulation of IL-2, which might explain the enhanced anti-tumor effect after TQ treatment. In summary, TQ treatment can enhance human T cell-mediated anti-tumor effect in vitro. This immunoregulatory function of black seed oil could potentially benefit patients of different cancer types.
{"title":"Thymoquinone Treatment Enhances T Cell-Mediated Anti-Tumor Response In Vitro","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijcrt.08.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijcrt.08.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"Oil from Nigella sativa seeds (“black seed oil”) has been used for health care and medical purposes for over 2000 years. The major active compound thymoquinone (TQ) has been shown to have immune regulatory effects in various diseases. Tumor microenvironment is critical for tumor development. Immune cells, particularly T cells, are central players to kill tumor cells and affect tumor progression and metastasis. The impact of TQ on human T cell-mediated anti-tumor response was investigated. Using human PBMCs, we activated T cells with anti-CD3/CD28 in vitro, and treated cells with TQ. First, we tested the impact of TQ on T cell activation, proliferation and apoptosis; second, the anti-tumor effect of T cells after treatment with TQ; last, we determined alterations in T cells gene expression at the RNA level after TQ treatment. TQ treatment increased activation and proliferation of T cells at days 2-4 and more activation-induced cell death at day 3. After 7-11 days, TQ-treated cells showed less survival than cells treated with control medium. At low TQ concentration (10uM), treatment induced more CD3+ T cell proliferation; while at 20uM and 50uM TQ showed more cytotoxic effect to T cells, and more cell death. When co-cultured with multiple types of cancer cells, TQ-treated T cells exhibited significantly enhanced anti-tumor activity, indicated by more tumor cell apoptosis and less cell expansion. Gene expression study showed upregulation of NFAT signaling pathway, including 10+ fold up-regulation of IL-2, which might explain the enhanced anti-tumor effect after TQ treatment. In summary, TQ treatment can enhance human T cell-mediated anti-tumor effect in vitro. This immunoregulatory function of black seed oil could potentially benefit patients of different cancer types.","PeriodicalId":310821,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Research & Therapy","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128900511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：