The present study seeks to explain the interactive and relative effectsof happiness, life satisfaction and resilience among university students inPakistan. Basic objective of this research was to find out the relationshipbetween happiness, life satisfaction and resilience, further to investigatethe level of resilience, happiness and life satisfaction among male andfemale students. Disproportionate stratified sampling technique was usedto select 400 university students (male=200, female=200) from theuniversities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The study was conducted intwo phases. In phase-I pilot study was conducted and in phase-II mainstudy was administered. The data for the study was collected throughstratified random sampling technique and three reliable instrument usedwere; Oxford Happiness Scale (1990), Life satisfaction scale (1985) andResilience Scale (1993). Data was analyzed using statistical techniqueslike Pearson correlation; Independent sample t-test was used. Results ofthe study indicated a significant inverse relationship between thevariables of resilience and happiness (r=-.472**) where female studentswere happier than male students (M + SD= 109.8442 + 15.45855) and asignificant inverse relationship between life satisfaction and resilience(r=-.112*) among male and female university students. The results alsoindicated that females are more satisfied with life than males (M + SD=23.3810 + 5.64858). It was also found that there were significant genderdifferences in university student’s scores on resilience scale (M + SD=79.4201 + 26.55817). Males were found to be more resilient thanfemales. The findings of the present study have implications for students’counseling, awareness and therapy. It was recommended that the trainingof the students should also be done so that they deal with life events andcircumstances effectively while maintaining their psychological health.
{"title":"Relationship Among Happiness, Life Satisfaction and Resilience in University Students","authors":"None Editor PJE","doi":"10.30971/pje.v39i2.884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30971/pje.v39i2.884","url":null,"abstract":"The present study seeks to explain the interactive and relative effectsof happiness, life satisfaction and resilience among university students inPakistan. Basic objective of this research was to find out the relationshipbetween happiness, life satisfaction and resilience, further to investigatethe level of resilience, happiness and life satisfaction among male andfemale students. Disproportionate stratified sampling technique was usedto select 400 university students (male=200, female=200) from theuniversities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The study was conducted intwo phases. In phase-I pilot study was conducted and in phase-II mainstudy was administered. The data for the study was collected throughstratified random sampling technique and three reliable instrument usedwere; Oxford Happiness Scale (1990), Life satisfaction scale (1985) andResilience Scale (1993). Data was analyzed using statistical techniqueslike Pearson correlation; Independent sample t-test was used. Results ofthe study indicated a significant inverse relationship between thevariables of resilience and happiness (r=-.472**) where female studentswere happier than male students (M + SD= 109.8442 + 15.45855) and asignificant inverse relationship between life satisfaction and resilience(r=-.112*) among male and female university students. The results alsoindicated that females are more satisfied with life than males (M + SD=23.3810 + 5.64858). It was also found that there were significant genderdifferences in university student’s scores on resilience scale (M + SD=79.4201 + 26.55817). Males were found to be more resilient thanfemales. The findings of the present study have implications for students’counseling, awareness and therapy. It was recommended that the trainingof the students should also be done so that they deal with life events andcircumstances effectively while maintaining their psychological health.","PeriodicalId":31096,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Education","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136002075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study aimed to examine the relationship betweenschool bullying and empathy among preadolescents. Bullying was studiedacross three dimensions of being a bully, victim, and fighting, whereasempathy was examined as a unidimensional construct. Data werecollected from preadolescents between ages 10-12 years in DistrictHaripur. Descriptive statistics, frequencies/percentages, correlation, andt-tests were performed. The findings showed that there is a negativerelationship between school bullying and empathy, and less empathicpreadolescents were more tended to bully and fight more than moreempathic. An equal number of participants reported fighting with othersand bullying them in one last month. However, a large majority reportedbeing the victims of bullying 7 or more times in the last 30 days (52,36.4%). The level of empathy was in the moderate to high range among178 students and low among 22 students. Boys scored higher on alldimensions of bullying and were less empathic than girls. These findingshighlight the need for the screening, prevention, and intervention of schoolbullying. Can help teachers, parents, school administrators, and counselorsto eradicate aggressive behavior.
{"title":"Relationship between Academic Perfectionism and Depression: Role of Self Concealment among Students","authors":"None Editor PJE","doi":"10.30971/pje.v39i2.880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30971/pje.v39i2.880","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to examine the relationship betweenschool bullying and empathy among preadolescents. Bullying was studiedacross three dimensions of being a bully, victim, and fighting, whereasempathy was examined as a unidimensional construct. Data werecollected from preadolescents between ages 10-12 years in DistrictHaripur. Descriptive statistics, frequencies/percentages, correlation, andt-tests were performed. The findings showed that there is a negativerelationship between school bullying and empathy, and less empathicpreadolescents were more tended to bully and fight more than moreempathic. An equal number of participants reported fighting with othersand bullying them in one last month. However, a large majority reportedbeing the victims of bullying 7 or more times in the last 30 days (52,36.4%). The level of empathy was in the moderate to high range among178 students and low among 22 students. Boys scored higher on alldimensions of bullying and were less empathic than girls. These findingshighlight the need for the screening, prevention, and intervention of schoolbullying. Can help teachers, parents, school administrators, and counselorsto eradicate aggressive behavior.","PeriodicalId":31096,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Education","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136186549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Absenteeism is an act of being excessively away from educational institute which is a major indiscipline problem among students globally. Descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. Data was collected by using by self-administered questionnaire from nursing students of 13 nursing colleges offering 4-year Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) program in Punjab province of Pakistan after taking care of all the ethical considerations. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select 130 participants from nursing institutes offering 4 year BSN program. Most influential factors for absenteeism identified were ‘not joined nursing studies as per choice’ (mean=3.77), ‘awaking up late for college’ (mean=3.62), ‘impending assignments’ (mean=3.),‘feel bored with certain subjects’ (mean=3.46),‘when teachers teaching skills are not up to mark’ (mean=3.67), ‘Lack of proper guidance in clinical area’ (mean=3.94), ‘shortage of staff in clinical area’ (mean=3.88), ‘Not want to be treated as workforce in clinical area’ (mean=3.82) very exhaustive and rigid or irregular timetable’ (mean=3.81). Nursing student’s absenteeism is interplay of multiple modifiable factors. Hence, necessary steps may be taken to overcome these modifiable factors to improve the quality of nursing education.
{"title":"Factors Contributing To Absenteeism In Undergraduates Nursing Students.","authors":"Tanzeela Rahman, Dr. Mansoor Ghani, Samina Kausar","doi":"10.30971/pje.v38i2.1574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30971/pje.v38i2.1574","url":null,"abstract":"Absenteeism is an act of being excessively away from educational institute which is a major indiscipline problem among students globally. Descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. Data was collected by using by self-administered questionnaire from nursing students of 13 nursing colleges offering 4-year Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) program in Punjab province of Pakistan after taking care of all the ethical considerations. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select 130 participants from nursing institutes offering 4 year BSN program. Most influential factors for absenteeism identified were ‘not joined nursing studies as per choice’ (mean=3.77), ‘awaking up late for college’ (mean=3.62), ‘impending assignments’ (mean=3.),‘feel bored with certain subjects’ (mean=3.46),‘when teachers teaching skills are not up to mark’ (mean=3.67), ‘Lack of proper guidance in clinical area’ (mean=3.94), ‘shortage of staff in clinical area’ (mean=3.88), ‘Not want to be treated as workforce in clinical area’ (mean=3.82) very exhaustive and rigid or irregular timetable’ (mean=3.81). Nursing student’s absenteeism is interplay of multiple modifiable factors. Hence, necessary steps may be taken to overcome these modifiable factors to improve the quality of nursing education.","PeriodicalId":31096,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45764771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AbstractThis research aims to explore the gender equality or lack thereof in the Urdu textbooks taught in Punjab, Pakistan. Gender bias in textbooks is an important but almost invisible and overlooked problem. Five Urdu textbooks taught in primary government schools in Punjab were selected for critical discourse analysis. Both qualitative as well quantitative research methods were adopted. The number of female and male characters, portrayal of domestic and professional roles by both genders, and cosmetic bias was taken into account. In all five books analyzed, 28% characters were women whereas remaining were male characters. Female characters were mostly found in domestic situations with insignificant roles in the stories who did not have a name or an identity except being mothers. The text was highly biased towards the male characters associating valor and strength with men only. Since textbooks play a crucial role in the development of the children, it is important to remove the concealed gender bias in textbooks and acknowledge the changing roles of women in the Pakistani society in order to create a society that treats men and women equally.
{"title":"Gender Representation in Education: Critical Discourse Analysis of Urdu Textbooks used in Primary Government Schools in Punjab","authors":"Munaza Hasan Nasir","doi":"10.30971/pje.v38i2.1380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30971/pje.v38i2.1380","url":null,"abstract":" AbstractThis research aims to explore the gender equality or lack thereof in the Urdu textbooks taught in Punjab, Pakistan. Gender bias in textbooks is an important but almost invisible and overlooked problem. Five Urdu textbooks taught in primary government schools in Punjab were selected for critical discourse analysis. Both qualitative as well quantitative research methods were adopted. The number of female and male characters, portrayal of domestic and professional roles by both genders, and cosmetic bias was taken into account. In all five books analyzed, 28% characters were women whereas remaining were male characters. Female characters were mostly found in domestic situations with insignificant roles in the stories who did not have a name or an identity except being mothers. The text was highly biased towards the male characters associating valor and strength with men only. Since textbooks play a crucial role in the development of the children, it is important to remove the concealed gender bias in textbooks and acknowledge the changing roles of women in the Pakistani society in order to create a society that treats men and women equally.","PeriodicalId":31096,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48457077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AbstractThis research inquiry was conducted to probe the consequence of test anxiety on students’ academic performance. The research design was descriptive, while the quantitative research approach adopted for the purpose of collecting and interpreting the desired information. 504 students (252 male and 252 female students) of the 10th class were selected as sample from nine cities of Punjab. The Westside Test Anxiety Scale for measuring test anxiety which was prepared by Richard Driscoll, Ph.D. available on the American Test Anxiety Association web was used to gauge the test anxiety of the students. For statistical investigation and interpretation, Pearson r was exercised. The findings of the study supported the research hypothesis as a significant correlation (r= -.072*) in students with higher anxiety and their academic performance and in students with low anxiety with their academic performance (r= -.083*) was found. The study also hypothesized that as the degree of anxiety raisin the level of academic performance would decline and vice versa. The value of Pearson r showed a significant connection between test anxiety and academic achievement/ performance as p< .05. Thus the null hypotheses of the study were rejected.
{"title":"EFFECT OF TEST ANXIETY ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: A SURVEY STUDY OF PUNJAB SECONDARY SCHOOLS","authors":"Samina Shahab, Dr. Samina Malik, D. Aziz","doi":"10.30971/pje.v38i2.1255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30971/pje.v38i2.1255","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis research inquiry was conducted to probe the consequence of test anxiety on students’ academic performance. The research design was descriptive, while the quantitative research approach adopted for the purpose of collecting and interpreting the desired information. 504 students (252 male and 252 female students) of the 10th class were selected as sample from nine cities of Punjab. The Westside Test Anxiety Scale for measuring test anxiety which was prepared by Richard Driscoll, Ph.D. available on the American Test Anxiety Association web was used to gauge the test anxiety of the students. For statistical investigation and interpretation, Pearson r was exercised. The findings of the study supported the research hypothesis as a significant correlation (r= -.072*) in students with higher anxiety and their academic performance and in students with low anxiety with their academic performance (r= -.083*) was found. The study also hypothesized that as the degree of anxiety raisin the level of academic performance would decline and vice versa. The value of Pearson r showed a significant connection between test anxiety and academic achievement/ performance as p< .05. Thus the null hypotheses of the study were rejected. ","PeriodicalId":31096,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42264888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Child abuse screening tool (CAST) has been used broadly for measuring maltreatment against children. The present study aimed to translate and validate the Child Abuse Screening Tool for two main purposes. Firstly, this scale was translated to use it as a screening tool for the abused children. Secondly, to determine concurrent validity of indigenous Child Abuse Scale (Malik & Shah, 2007) Revision by Malik and Saeed (2014). The Child Abuse Scale Revised was altered to address issues related to child abuse and sexual abuse in educational institutions, home, work place, by relatives, stranagers and servants. The scale was translated using standardized procedure of forward and backward translation. Confirmatory factor analysis was run to examine the factorial structure of Urdu translation of the scale. Convergent and discriminant analysis revealed construct validity of CAST. The results of CFA show adequate model fit; supporting the five factor solution of original scale. Thus, reliability and validity analysis indicated that the Urdu translated CAST scale is a valid and reliable tool for screening abused children in Pakistan.Keywords: abuse, translation, validity, child maltreatment, Urdu
{"title":"Psychometric Testing and Semantic Validation of Child Abuse Screening Tool in Urdu Language","authors":"Rabia Iftikhar, F. Malik","doi":"10.30971/pje.v38i2.1548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30971/pje.v38i2.1548","url":null,"abstract":"Child abuse screening tool (CAST) has been used broadly for measuring maltreatment against children. The present study aimed to translate and validate the Child Abuse Screening Tool for two main purposes. Firstly, this scale was translated to use it as a screening tool for the abused children. Secondly, to determine concurrent validity of indigenous Child Abuse Scale (Malik & Shah, 2007) Revision by Malik and Saeed (2014). The Child Abuse Scale Revised was altered to address issues related to child abuse and sexual abuse in educational institutions, home, work place, by relatives, stranagers and servants. The scale was translated using standardized procedure of forward and backward translation. Confirmatory factor analysis was run to examine the factorial structure of Urdu translation of the scale. Convergent and discriminant analysis revealed construct validity of CAST. The results of CFA show adequate model fit; supporting the five factor solution of original scale. Thus, reliability and validity analysis indicated that the Urdu translated CAST scale is a valid and reliable tool for screening abused children in Pakistan.Keywords: abuse, translation, validity, child maltreatment, Urdu","PeriodicalId":31096,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47162814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. M. A. Khan, Naheed Khursheed, Hafiz Shehzad Ali
The current study is conducted to explore the learning potential of students at the elementary level by using the scaffolding technique. The study aimed to measure the efficiency of the scaffolding teaching method provided to the students at the elementary level. As it was an experimental study, so, no population was defined. The sample was selected from Gov. Girls Higher Secondary SchoolModel Town A, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. All 6th classes of this school were included to analyze the effect of scaffolding as an intervention. Retention of learning after 3 months, the provision of scaffolding in comparison to the traditional method was assessed. After the posttest, there was a retention test as the final test from all four groups. Solomon's four-group design was used for this experiment in which there were 40 students in each group and 160 total participants. In the current study, Pretest, posttest, and after 3months retention test was conducted as research tools. To analyze the data, SPSS version 20 one-sample t-test were used to analyze the data. The Data revealed that scaffolding was proved to be a better strategy compared to the control group. Even the results of retention of learning skills were higher than the control group. Students showed good understanding, remembering, and better-solving processes in experimental groups. Study recommended that scaffolding teaching needs a highly structured supervised environment and may be conducted in controlled conditions. It is recommended that in teacher education, the prospective teachers may be prepared in the principles, procedures, and rules of scaffolding. A due consideration may be given to teaching strategies in all teacher education programs in the country as it is an innovative and progressive way of teaching.
{"title":"Helping students to get better grades in mathematics at the elementary level","authors":"H. M. A. Khan, Naheed Khursheed, Hafiz Shehzad Ali","doi":"10.30971/pje.v38i2.1842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30971/pje.v38i2.1842","url":null,"abstract":"The current study is conducted to explore the learning potential of students at the elementary level by using the scaffolding technique. The study aimed to measure the efficiency of the scaffolding teaching method provided to the students at the elementary level. As it was an experimental study, so, no population was defined. The sample was selected from Gov. Girls Higher Secondary SchoolModel Town A, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. All 6th classes of this school were included to analyze the effect of scaffolding as an intervention. Retention of learning after 3 months, the provision of scaffolding in comparison to the traditional method was assessed. After the posttest, there was a retention test as the final test from all four groups. Solomon's four-group design was used for this experiment in which there were 40 students in each group and 160 total participants. In the current study, Pretest, posttest, and after 3months retention test was conducted as research tools. To analyze the data, SPSS version 20 one-sample t-test were used to analyze the data. The Data revealed that scaffolding was proved to be a better strategy compared to the control group. Even the results of retention of learning skills were higher than the control group. Students showed good understanding, remembering, and better-solving processes in experimental groups. Study recommended that scaffolding teaching needs a highly structured supervised environment and may be conducted in controlled conditions. It is recommended that in teacher education, the prospective teachers may be prepared in the principles, procedures, and rules of scaffolding. A due consideration may be given to teaching strategies in all teacher education programs in the country as it is an innovative and progressive way of teaching.","PeriodicalId":31096,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44115771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saima Noreen, Saba Ghayas, Shaista Khalid, Shumaila Mazhar Awan
Present study aimed to construct and validate an instrument to measure the academic stress among university students of Pakistan. Item construction of this instrument was based on literature review, interviews from university students and expert’s opinion. After pilot study exploratory factor analysis was performed on a sample of477 student (226men and 251 women), recruited from different departments of University of Sargodha, Pakistan. 26 items were retained after exploratory factor analysis with three well defined factors(1, Personal, Parental and Teachers’ attitude, 2. Perception of workload and examinations, 3. Concerns about education system and management)Range of Alpha coefficients for scale and its subscales was .72 to .87.Results of Confirmatory factor analysis performed on an independent sample revealed excellent model fit to present data. Three factor structure of Academic stress scale was confirmed by CFA. Convergent validity of Academic Stress Scale was proved by finding its positive correlation with UCLA Loneliness scale, Depression scale and Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Excellent reliability and validity evidences proved this scale as a promising measure of academic stress.
{"title":"Construction and Validation of Academic Stress Scale for University Students","authors":"Saima Noreen, Saba Ghayas, Shaista Khalid, Shumaila Mazhar Awan","doi":"10.30971/pje.v38i2.1603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30971/pje.v38i2.1603","url":null,"abstract":"Present study aimed to construct and validate an instrument to measure the academic stress among university students of Pakistan. Item construction of this instrument was based on literature review, interviews from university students and expert’s opinion. After pilot study exploratory factor analysis was performed on a sample of477 student (226men and 251 women), recruited from different departments of University of Sargodha, Pakistan. 26 items were retained after exploratory factor analysis with three well defined factors(1, Personal, Parental and Teachers’ attitude, 2. Perception of workload and examinations, 3. Concerns about education system and management)Range of Alpha coefficients for scale and its subscales was .72 to .87.Results of Confirmatory factor analysis performed on an independent sample revealed excellent model fit to present data. Three factor structure of Academic stress scale was confirmed by CFA. Convergent validity of Academic Stress Scale was proved by finding its positive correlation with UCLA Loneliness scale, Depression scale and Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Excellent reliability and validity evidences proved this scale as a promising measure of academic stress.","PeriodicalId":31096,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44006887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study examined the relationship between Government Secondary head teachers’ instructional supervisory practices and teachers’ motivation in teaching. Quantitative research approach and survey technique was used in the study. The main objective of the study was to determine the relationship between head teachers’ instructional supervisory practices and teachers’ motivation. The population of the study was all the male and female head teachers and teachers working in the Government high schools of District Sargodha. Multistage sampling technique was used to select the research participants from 75 randomly selected Government high schools of tehsil Sargodha, 75 head teachers and 225 teachers were selected on availability basis. Two self-developed questionnaires; one for head teachers and one for teachers were used as research instruments. Descriptive statistics, frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation and Pearson r correlation were used in analyzing data and reporting the study findings. The conclusion of the study was that there was positive and moderate relationship between head teachers’ supervisory practices and teachers’ motivation. On the basis of conclusion, it was recommended that DSD should arrange trainings for the head teachers to improve their inspection skills.
{"title":"Head Teachers' supervisory practices and teachers’ motivation in teaching","authors":"M. Malik, Fareeha Samee, Shaista Khalid","doi":"10.30971/pje.v38i1.489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30971/pje.v38i1.489","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the relationship between Government Secondary head teachers’ instructional supervisory practices and teachers’ motivation in teaching. Quantitative research approach and survey technique was used in the study. The main objective of the study was to determine the relationship between head teachers’ instructional supervisory practices and teachers’ motivation. The population of the study was all the male and female head teachers and teachers working in the Government high schools of District Sargodha. Multistage sampling technique was used to select the research participants from 75 randomly selected Government high schools of tehsil Sargodha, 75 head teachers and 225 teachers were selected on availability basis. Two self-developed questionnaires; one for head teachers and one for teachers were used as research instruments. Descriptive statistics, frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation and Pearson r correlation were used in analyzing data and reporting the study findings. The conclusion of the study was that there was positive and moderate relationship between head teachers’ supervisory practices and teachers’ motivation. On the basis of conclusion, it was recommended that DSD should arrange trainings for the head teachers to improve their inspection skills.","PeriodicalId":31096,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Education","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47760130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present research study is conducted with the aim to assess and analyze the impact of electronic libraries (EL) by using usability criteria which include consistency, efficiency, learning and satisfaction in digital learning and reading stimulus among the general public and youth in specific. The structural equation modeling (SEM) of variables like effectiveness (EEF), efficiency (EFT), learning ability (LER) and performance & satisfaction (PES) was followed by research design. Survey was conducted in divisional headquarters of the Punjab province to collect data. The population was N=270 persons from 9 out of 20 districts having EL facilities. The findings revealed that E-Libraries have a positive correlation between productivity, effectiveness, learning and success. Performance, efficacy and learning capacity had a substantial and positive influence on user’s satisfaction. The study found that the provision of a conducive atmosphere that ensures productivity, effectiveness and learning capacity plays a vital role in enhancing performance of EL. It is proposed that we follow more efficient and dynamic methods in order to support the concept of EL for promotion of culture of digital learning philosophy among the public.
{"title":"The Impact and Efficiency of Electronic Libraries In Various Districts of Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Ehsan Bhutta, Yasir Rasool, C. A. Rehman","doi":"10.30971/pje.v38i1.1771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30971/pje.v38i1.1771","url":null,"abstract":"The present research study is conducted with the aim to assess and analyze the impact of electronic libraries (EL) by using usability criteria which include consistency, efficiency, learning and satisfaction in digital learning and reading stimulus among the general public and youth in specific. The structural equation modeling (SEM) of variables like effectiveness (EEF), efficiency (EFT), learning ability (LER) and performance & satisfaction (PES) was followed by research design. Survey was conducted in divisional headquarters of the Punjab province to collect data. The population was N=270 persons from 9 out of 20 districts having EL facilities. The findings revealed that E-Libraries have a positive correlation between productivity, effectiveness, learning and success. Performance, efficacy and learning capacity had a substantial and positive influence on user’s satisfaction. The study found that the provision of a conducive atmosphere that ensures productivity, effectiveness and learning capacity plays a vital role in enhancing performance of EL. It is proposed that we follow more efficient and dynamic methods in order to support the concept of EL for promotion of culture of digital learning philosophy among the public.","PeriodicalId":31096,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Education","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69302028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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