Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7860/njlm/2022/46351.2573
Naved Ahmad, Mushir Ahmad, Akash Gupta, A. Sharma
Introduction: Hypothyroidism is linked with an increased risk of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) and associated risk factors, but there is little documented information available about its association with high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP). Aim: To analyse the association between hs-CRP and CVD in hypothyroidism. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was carried out among 159 participants (87 cases and 72 controls) from January 2015 to August 2016 in the Department of Biochemistry, in collaboration with Department of Medicine, Subharti Medical College, its associated Chatrapati Shivaji Subharti (CSS)Hospital, Meerut,Uttar Pradesh, India. The samples were divided into two groups, Cases (hypothyroid patients) and Control group. Blood sample (3 mL) was collected from each subject. Serum was separated from blood by centrifuging blood at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes. Estimation of hs-CRP was done on semiautoanalyser (Robonikreadwell touch) in clinical biochemistry laboratory. Lipid profile and other routine investigations were done by Vitros-250 autoanalyser Johnson & Johnson, USA. All the statistical analysis was done by using the Windows based Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18.0. Student’s t-test and Pearson correlation analysis was applied and p-values <0.05 were taken as the level of significance. Results: The mean age of cases and controls were 47.50±7.9 and 41.66±9.3 respectively. The mean hs-CRP values in the subjects with hypothyroidism (cases) was 3.41 mg/L and in control was 2.10 mg/L (p-value <0.0001). The weight and waist circumference, were also significantly different (p-value <0.05) between the study groups. The hs-CRP had an insignificant correlation with the BMI (r=0.12, p=0.23) as well as with waist circumference (r=0.15, p=0.14). Non significant correlation was found in between the hs-CRP and the blood pressure. Conclusion: This study concludes that hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in patients with hypothyroidism when compared to the control group. A significant correlation was found between cardiovascular risk factors like total cholestrol and High density lipoprotein (HDL) and hs-CRP levels.
{"title":"Association of Elevated Serum hs-CRP Levels with the Development of Cardiovascular Disease in Known Cases of Hypothyroidism: A Case-control Study","authors":"Naved Ahmad, Mushir Ahmad, Akash Gupta, A. Sharma","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/46351.2573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/46351.2573","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hypothyroidism is linked with an increased risk of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) and associated risk factors, but there is little documented information available about its association with high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP). Aim: To analyse the association between hs-CRP and CVD in hypothyroidism. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was carried out among 159 participants (87 cases and 72 controls) from January 2015 to August 2016 in the Department of Biochemistry, in collaboration with Department of Medicine, Subharti Medical College, its associated Chatrapati Shivaji Subharti (CSS)Hospital, Meerut,Uttar Pradesh, India. The samples were divided into two groups, Cases (hypothyroid patients) and Control group. Blood sample (3 mL) was collected from each subject. Serum was separated from blood by centrifuging blood at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes. Estimation of hs-CRP was done on semiautoanalyser (Robonikreadwell touch) in clinical biochemistry laboratory. Lipid profile and other routine investigations were done by Vitros-250 autoanalyser Johnson & Johnson, USA. All the statistical analysis was done by using the Windows based Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18.0. Student’s t-test and Pearson correlation analysis was applied and p-values <0.05 were taken as the level of significance. Results: The mean age of cases and controls were 47.50±7.9 and 41.66±9.3 respectively. The mean hs-CRP values in the subjects with hypothyroidism (cases) was 3.41 mg/L and in control was 2.10 mg/L (p-value <0.0001). The weight and waist circumference, were also significantly different (p-value <0.05) between the study groups. The hs-CRP had an insignificant correlation with the BMI (r=0.12, p=0.23) as well as with waist circumference (r=0.15, p=0.14). Non significant correlation was found in between the hs-CRP and the blood pressure. Conclusion: This study concludes that hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in patients with hypothyroidism when compared to the control group. A significant correlation was found between cardiovascular risk factors like total cholestrol and High density lipoprotein (HDL) and hs-CRP levels.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71269876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7860/njlm/2022/50727.2600
A. Patil, P. Shashikala, P. M. Pattar, K. Arpitha
Introduction: Most common carcinomas of lower urinary tract are of urothelial type in which, majority of them occur in the bladder. The demonstration of exfoliated neoplastic cells in urine sediment cytology is one of the choices of investigation. Aim: To study the morphology of atypical cells of urine sediment in unstained wet mount preparation and urine sediment obtained by cytospin smear stained with Papanicolaou stain. Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive observational study done over a period of 29 months i.e., from July 2016 to December 2018 at SS Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Davangere, Karnataka, India. Using non probability sampling method, 50 urine samples were analysed by DIRUI-H 500 a semi automatic urine analyser, which were further examined by wet mount preparation and cytospin smear stained with papanicolaou stain. Results were analysed by whether the smears were positive or negative for atypical cells based on the cytological and nuclear details. Results: The yield of Red Blood Corpuscles (RBCs) was significantly increased in cytospin preparation with morphology of RBCs was better appreciated in wet mount compared to cytospin preparation. The yield of atypical cells was significantly increased in cytospin preparation with the morphology of atypical cells were better appreciated in pap stained cytospin preparation compared to wet mount urine examination. Conclusion: Overall, cell yield and preservation of White Blood Corpuscles (WBCs), epithelial cell and atypical cells morphology was better in cytospin preparation, while RBCs were better appreciated in wet mount preparation. Cytospin technology is a quick, efficient and cost effective method for increasing cell yield in less cellular samples and also helps in providing better cellular morphological details.
{"title":"Role of Wet Mount and Cytospin Smears in Diagnosing Urothelial Carcinoma: A Descriptive Observational Study","authors":"A. Patil, P. Shashikala, P. M. Pattar, K. Arpitha","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/50727.2600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/50727.2600","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Most common carcinomas of lower urinary tract are of urothelial type in which, majority of them occur in the bladder. The demonstration of exfoliated neoplastic cells in urine sediment cytology is one of the choices of investigation. Aim: To study the morphology of atypical cells of urine sediment in unstained wet mount preparation and urine sediment obtained by cytospin smear stained with Papanicolaou stain. Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive observational study done over a period of 29 months i.e., from July 2016 to December 2018 at SS Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Davangere, Karnataka, India. Using non probability sampling method, 50 urine samples were analysed by DIRUI-H 500 a semi automatic urine analyser, which were further examined by wet mount preparation and cytospin smear stained with papanicolaou stain. Results were analysed by whether the smears were positive or negative for atypical cells based on the cytological and nuclear details. Results: The yield of Red Blood Corpuscles (RBCs) was significantly increased in cytospin preparation with morphology of RBCs was better appreciated in wet mount compared to cytospin preparation. The yield of atypical cells was significantly increased in cytospin preparation with the morphology of atypical cells were better appreciated in pap stained cytospin preparation compared to wet mount urine examination. Conclusion: Overall, cell yield and preservation of White Blood Corpuscles (WBCs), epithelial cell and atypical cells morphology was better in cytospin preparation, while RBCs were better appreciated in wet mount preparation. Cytospin technology is a quick, efficient and cost effective method for increasing cell yield in less cellular samples and also helps in providing better cellular morphological details.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71270493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7860/njlm/2022/52850.2603
R. Solanki, K. Tanna, Asha Dayabhai Halpati, Navin Ishwarbhai Shah
Introduction: The most effective way to break the chain of transmission of infection in healthcare facility is Hand Hygiene (HH). However, the HH adherence rate/compliance is varying worldwide. Healthcare facilities should follow comprehensive, systematic approach for assessment of HH adherence rate. Periodic monitoring and necessary feedback is critical to improve HH adherence rate/compliance. Aim: To know the impact of the HH training of Healthcare Workers (HCW) on HH adherence rate. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted at SMS Multispecialty Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. The study was conducted for the duration of six months (October 2019-March 2020). Total 416 opportunities were accessed in two sessions {203 pretraining and 213 post-training} among different HCWs of ICU and NICU. HH adherence rate was measured by direct observation methods by trained, non participating neutral person as per World Health Organisation (WHO) HH guidelines. HH training was given to HCWs (doctors, nursing staff and attendant) of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Pre and post-training HH adherence rate was calculated among HCWs of ICU and NICU in respect to WHO’s five movement of HH. Chi-square test was used to do statistical analysis. Results: Pre and post-training HH adherence rate of HCWs of ICU is 41% and 69% respectively. However, pre and post- training HH adherence rate of HCWs of NICU was 52% and 75%, respectively. Both ICU and NICU post-training HH adherence rate of HCWs was improved which was statistically significant (p-value <0.00001). Both pre and post-training, compared to doctors, nursing staff had better HH adherence rate (45%, 67% in ICU and 58% and 78% in NICU). Hand rub was preferred method of HH (93%). Conclusion: The HH training improved the HH adherence rate of HCWs of ICU and NICU. Induction and periodic training of HCWs improves HH adherence rate of HCWs.
{"title":"Comparison of Hand Hygiene Adherence Rate before and after Training in a Multispecialty Hospital, Gujarat, India","authors":"R. Solanki, K. Tanna, Asha Dayabhai Halpati, Navin Ishwarbhai Shah","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/52850.2603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/52850.2603","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The most effective way to break the chain of transmission of infection in healthcare facility is Hand Hygiene (HH). However, the HH adherence rate/compliance is varying worldwide. Healthcare facilities should follow comprehensive, systematic approach for assessment of HH adherence rate. Periodic monitoring and necessary feedback is critical to improve HH adherence rate/compliance. Aim: To know the impact of the HH training of Healthcare Workers (HCW) on HH adherence rate. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted at SMS Multispecialty Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. The study was conducted for the duration of six months (October 2019-March 2020). Total 416 opportunities were accessed in two sessions {203 pretraining and 213 post-training} among different HCWs of ICU and NICU. HH adherence rate was measured by direct observation methods by trained, non participating neutral person as per World Health Organisation (WHO) HH guidelines. HH training was given to HCWs (doctors, nursing staff and attendant) of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Pre and post-training HH adherence rate was calculated among HCWs of ICU and NICU in respect to WHO’s five movement of HH. Chi-square test was used to do statistical analysis. Results: Pre and post-training HH adherence rate of HCWs of ICU is 41% and 69% respectively. However, pre and post- training HH adherence rate of HCWs of NICU was 52% and 75%, respectively. Both ICU and NICU post-training HH adherence rate of HCWs was improved which was statistically significant (p-value <0.00001). Both pre and post-training, compared to doctors, nursing staff had better HH adherence rate (45%, 67% in ICU and 58% and 78% in NICU). Hand rub was preferred method of HH (93%). Conclusion: The HH training improved the HH adherence rate of HCWs of ICU and NICU. Induction and periodic training of HCWs improves HH adherence rate of HCWs.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71270554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7860/njlm/2022/52855.2585
P. Kaur, S. Kaur, A. Sood
Introduction: The incidence of opportunistic fungal infections has increased considerably in recent years. The clinical manifestations of these infections are non specific, and laboratory methods generally cannot diagnose infection at an initial phase.So,it is necessary to understand these infections for the treatment of immunocompromised patients adequately. Aim: To study the prevalence of common opportunistic fungal infections in immunocompromised patients in northern India. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional observational prevalence study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India, from March 2020 to August 2021, on 185 immunocompromised patients. Follow-up was done for a period of six month. Weekly blood samples were drawn and presence of any fungal colonisation was identified with methods such as growth in sabouraud dextrose agar and Indian ink staining. Statistical tests used were prevalence and positive prevalence rate to estimate the most common opportunistic infection in immunocompromised individuals. Results: Out of 185 patients, oropharyngeal candidasis was found to be most common (143, 77.3%) in which opportunistic fungal infections caused by Candida spp. were found in 67 (46.8%) patients representing the most common causing agents followed by Pneumocystis jiroveci (12.5%) and Cryptococcus meningitis (38.2%). Conclusion: Oropharyngeal candidiasis was found to be most common opportunistic fungal infection. This study would help to extend the awareness to clinicians to come up with the right diagnosis and earlier treatment of those infections with the right management of the patients especially in resource limited regions in India.
近年来，机会性真菌感染的发病率显著增加。这些感染的临床表现是非特异性的，实验室方法一般不能在初始阶段诊断感染。因此，有必要了解这些感染，以充分治疗免疫功能低下患者。目的:研究印度北部免疫功能低下患者常见机会性真菌感染的流行情况。材料和方法:2020年3月至2021年8月，在印度旁遮普省阿姆利则Sri Guru Ram Das医学科学研究所微生物学系对185名免疫功能受损患者进行了前瞻性横断面观察性患病率研究。随访时间为6个月。每周抽取血液样本，并通过沙乌德葡萄糖琼脂生长和印度墨水染色等方法鉴定真菌定植的存在。统计检验采用流行率和阳性流行率来估计免疫功能低下个体中最常见的机会性感染。结果:185例患者中以口咽念珠菌感染最常见(143例，77.3%)，念珠菌引起的机会性真菌感染67例(46.8%)，是最常见的致病菌，其次是吉氏肺囊虫(12.5%)和脑膜炎隐球菌(38.2%)。结论:口咽念珠菌病是最常见的机会性真菌感染。这项研究将有助于提高临床医生的认识，以便对这些感染进行正确的诊断和早期治疗，并对患者进行正确的管理，特别是在印度资源有限的地区。
{"title":"Opportunistic Fungal Infections in Immunocompromised Patients of a Tertiary Care Centre, Amritsar, India","authors":"P. Kaur, S. Kaur, A. Sood","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/52855.2585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/52855.2585","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The incidence of opportunistic fungal infections has increased considerably in recent years. The clinical manifestations of these infections are non specific, and laboratory methods generally cannot diagnose infection at an initial phase.So,it is necessary to understand these infections for the treatment of immunocompromised patients adequately. Aim: To study the prevalence of common opportunistic fungal infections in immunocompromised patients in northern India. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional observational prevalence study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India, from March 2020 to August 2021, on 185 immunocompromised patients. Follow-up was done for a period of six month. Weekly blood samples were drawn and presence of any fungal colonisation was identified with methods such as growth in sabouraud dextrose agar and Indian ink staining. Statistical tests used were prevalence and positive prevalence rate to estimate the most common opportunistic infection in immunocompromised individuals. Results: Out of 185 patients, oropharyngeal candidasis was found to be most common (143, 77.3%) in which opportunistic fungal infections caused by Candida spp. were found in 67 (46.8%) patients representing the most common causing agents followed by Pneumocystis jiroveci (12.5%) and Cryptococcus meningitis (38.2%). Conclusion: Oropharyngeal candidiasis was found to be most common opportunistic fungal infection. This study would help to extend the awareness to clinicians to come up with the right diagnosis and earlier treatment of those infections with the right management of the patients especially in resource limited regions in India.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71270561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7860/njlm/2022/54846.2643
K. Sharma
Introduction: Hysterectomy is a common surgical procedure for benign gynaecologic pathologies despite the availability of conservative treatment options. However, studies indicate many health and psychosexual complications following this procedure. Regular histopathological audit of hysterectomies in relation to the clinical rationale will provide valuable data and insight and thus, lead to improved knowledge and expertise. AIM: To correlate clinical and histopathological diagnosis in hysterectomies for non oncological indications and assess the agreement between the two modalities. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study with comparative clinicopathological analysis which included 702 hysterectomies for non oncological indications during a one-year period (April 2019 to March 2020) was carried out in the Department of Pathology at a tertiary healthcare centre in Ajmer, Rajasthan, India. Cohen-kappa value was determined to measure the degree of agreement between clinical and histopathological diagnosis. A comparative clinicopathological analysis was done by segregating cases into two categories-those with structural pathologies and the other with non structural/functional pathologies. Results: A total of 702 hysterectomy specimens were studied. The clinicopathological concordance for structural lesions was better than functional aetiologies (87.52% vs 57.8%). Leiomyoma (AUB-L) was the most frequent clinical and histopathological diagnosis. Histopathology revealed more structural lesions than clinically suspected (81.2% vs 75.36%). The Cohen-kappa value revealed an overall fair agreement between clinical and histopathological judgement (K=0.27). Clinicopathological- agreement was lower in adenomyosis, dual structural pathologies while it was better for polyps, leiomyomas, obstetric pathologies and procidentia. Conclusion: Although, an overall fair degree of agreement was found between clinical and histopathological diagnosis, conditions that lack a specific clinical presentation or a sensitive diagnostic test like adenomyosis showed poor clinicopathological agreement. Histopathology is a vital tool to verify the appropriateness of the clinical indication of hysterectomies. Frequent clinicopathological correlation helps in improving knowledge and expertise of the healthcare provider, thus improving future clinical judgements.
简介:子宫切除术是一种常见的手术程序良性妇科病理，尽管保守的治疗方案。然而，研究表明，许多健康和性心理并发症后，这种做法。定期对子宫切除术进行组织病理学检查，结合临床原理，将提供有价值的数据和见解，从而提高知识和专业知识。目的:将子宫切除术的临床和组织病理学诊断与非肿瘤指征相联系，并评估两种诊断方式之间的一致性。材料和方法:在印度拉贾斯坦邦Ajmer一家三级医疗保健中心的病理学部门进行了一项回顾性横断面研究，并进行了比较临床病理分析，其中包括一年内(2019年4月至2020年3月)因非肿瘤适应症进行的702例子宫切除术。测定Cohen-kappa值来衡量临床和组织病理学诊断之间的一致程度。通过将病例分为两类-结构性病理和非结构性/功能性病理进行比较临床病理分析。结果:共研究了702例子宫切除术标本。结构性病变的临床病理一致性优于功能性病因(87.52% vs 57.8%)。平滑肌瘤(AUB-L)是最常见的临床和组织病理学诊断。组织病理学发现的结构性病变多于临床怀疑(81.2% vs 75.36%)。Cohen-kappa值显示临床和组织病理学判断之间的总体公平一致(K=0.27)。临床病理一致性较低的子宫腺肌症，双结构病理，而较好的息肉，平滑肌瘤，产科病理和生殖道。结论:虽然临床和组织病理学诊断总体上有一定程度的一致性，但缺乏特定临床表现或缺乏敏感诊断试验(如子宫腺肌症)的情况临床病理一致性较差。组织病理学是一个重要的工具，以验证子宫切除术的临床适应症的适当性。频繁的临床病理相关性有助于提高医疗保健提供者的知识和专业知识，从而改善未来的临床判断。
{"title":"Clinicopathological Correlation of Non Oncological Hysterectomies at a Tertiary Healthcare Centre","authors":"K. Sharma","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/54846.2643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/54846.2643","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hysterectomy is a common surgical procedure for benign gynaecologic pathologies despite the availability of conservative treatment options. However, studies indicate many health and psychosexual complications following this procedure. Regular histopathological audit of hysterectomies in relation to the clinical rationale will provide valuable data and insight and thus, lead to improved knowledge and expertise. AIM: To correlate clinical and histopathological diagnosis in hysterectomies for non oncological indications and assess the agreement between the two modalities. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study with comparative clinicopathological analysis which included 702 hysterectomies for non oncological indications during a one-year period (April 2019 to March 2020) was carried out in the Department of Pathology at a tertiary healthcare centre in Ajmer, Rajasthan, India. Cohen-kappa value was determined to measure the degree of agreement between clinical and histopathological diagnosis. A comparative clinicopathological analysis was done by segregating cases into two categories-those with structural pathologies and the other with non structural/functional pathologies. Results: A total of 702 hysterectomy specimens were studied. The clinicopathological concordance for structural lesions was better than functional aetiologies (87.52% vs 57.8%). Leiomyoma (AUB-L) was the most frequent clinical and histopathological diagnosis. Histopathology revealed more structural lesions than clinically suspected (81.2% vs 75.36%). The Cohen-kappa value revealed an overall fair agreement between clinical and histopathological judgement (K=0.27). Clinicopathological- agreement was lower in adenomyosis, dual structural pathologies while it was better for polyps, leiomyomas, obstetric pathologies and procidentia. Conclusion: Although, an overall fair degree of agreement was found between clinical and histopathological diagnosis, conditions that lack a specific clinical presentation or a sensitive diagnostic test like adenomyosis showed poor clinicopathological agreement. Histopathology is a vital tool to verify the appropriateness of the clinical indication of hysterectomies. Frequent clinicopathological correlation helps in improving knowledge and expertise of the healthcare provider, thus improving future clinical judgements.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71271107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7860/njlm/2022/55194.2618
Karthik Sigamani, Nayana Chandran
Introduction: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a rapid, minimally invasive and cost-effective procedure with a high sensitivity rate of 92-95% and high Positive Predictive Value (PPV) approaching 100% for the diagnosis of breast malignancies. International Academy of Cytology (IAC) Yokohama system for reporting breast FNACs had been established in 2016 to bring consistency and uniformity of breast cytology reporting. Aim: To classify the breast lesions according to the IAC Yokohama system for cytological reporting of breast lesions. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective six years study carried out in the Department of Pathology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences, Chinnakolambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India. All females breast FNAC cases reported during the year January 2015 to December 2020 were included in the study according to the inclusion criteria. Relevant clinical and pathological data including the FNAC reports were retrieved from the medical records of the department. Corresponding FNAC smears stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Papanicolaou stains were reviewed and double-checked with the FNAC reports. All those cases were grouped according to the IAC Yokohama System. Statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Results: Of the total 381 female breast FNACs, majority (60%) of them belonged to the age group of 21-40 years. The predominant presenting symptom was palpable breast lump (73%) and Upper Outer Quadrant (UOQ) was involved in 65% of cases. Out of 381 cases, 297 (78%) were benign, 52 (13.6%) were malignant and 32 (8.4%) were inadequate for diagnosis. Total 73.8% cases belonged to “C2” category and fibroadenoma was the most prevalent lesion. Pearson Chi-square test showed highly significant association between patient’s age above 40 years and the risk of having a malignant breast lesion (p<0.0001). Conclusion: FNAC is an effective diagnostic modality for preoperative diagnosis of breast lesions thereby facilitating proper treatment at an early stage of the disease. Also adherence to the standardised cytological reporting system like IAC Yokohama system will ensure quality assurance across various institutions, thereby strengthening the healthcare services.
{"title":"Application of International Academy of Cytology Yokohama System for Reporting Breast Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology- A Retrospective Study","authors":"Karthik Sigamani, Nayana Chandran","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/55194.2618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/55194.2618","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a rapid, minimally invasive and cost-effective procedure with a high sensitivity rate of 92-95% and high Positive Predictive Value (PPV) approaching 100% for the diagnosis of breast malignancies. International Academy of Cytology (IAC) Yokohama system for reporting breast FNACs had been established in 2016 to bring consistency and uniformity of breast cytology reporting. Aim: To classify the breast lesions according to the IAC Yokohama system for cytological reporting of breast lesions. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective six years study carried out in the Department of Pathology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences, Chinnakolambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India. All females breast FNAC cases reported during the year January 2015 to December 2020 were included in the study according to the inclusion criteria. Relevant clinical and pathological data including the FNAC reports were retrieved from the medical records of the department. Corresponding FNAC smears stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Papanicolaou stains were reviewed and double-checked with the FNAC reports. All those cases were grouped according to the IAC Yokohama System. Statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Results: Of the total 381 female breast FNACs, majority (60%) of them belonged to the age group of 21-40 years. The predominant presenting symptom was palpable breast lump (73%) and Upper Outer Quadrant (UOQ) was involved in 65% of cases. Out of 381 cases, 297 (78%) were benign, 52 (13.6%) were malignant and 32 (8.4%) were inadequate for diagnosis. Total 73.8% cases belonged to “C2” category and fibroadenoma was the most prevalent lesion. Pearson Chi-square test showed highly significant association between patient’s age above 40 years and the risk of having a malignant breast lesion (p<0.0001). Conclusion: FNAC is an effective diagnostic modality for preoperative diagnosis of breast lesions thereby facilitating proper treatment at an early stage of the disease. Also adherence to the standardised cytological reporting system like IAC Yokohama system will ensure quality assurance across various institutions, thereby strengthening the healthcare services.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71271222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7860/njlm/2022/55562.2677
A. Khade, S. Poflee, S. Parate, Swati B Gadhave, Vedita S Golhar, D. Kumbhalkar
Introduction: Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) became a global health problem since December 2019. No single treatment was found to be effective against COVID-19. Transfusion of COVID Convalescent Plasma (CCP) was found to be a useful and logistically feasible therapeutic strategy in COVID-19. Aim: To study the feasibility of single donor plasmapheresis for COVID-19, to analyse statistical significance of clinico- demographical data and biochemical parameters of convalescent plasmapheresis donors and to further study the adverse reactions and technical problems that occurred during the procedure of single donor plasmapheresis. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out over a period of 10 months from June 2020 to March 2021. The study included 235 screened donors and 50 procedures for single donor plasmapheresis (SDPs). Donors were selected as per the standard criteria given by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). All plasmapheresis procedures were performed on an automated blood cell separator. The results were tabulated and statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results: Out of 235 prospective CCP donors, 164 (69.78%) were found eligible. The causes of non eligibility donors were unwillingness to donate, absence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody, Transfusion Transmitted Disease (TTD) positivity, and improper haematological parameters. Actual plasma donations were carried out in 50 (21.27%) eligible donors. Therapeutically needed amount of CCP (400 mL) could be collected from most of the donors. Adverse reactions were seen in 4 (8%) donors. Conclusion: Adequate amount of CCP could be collected by single donor plasmapheresis with satisfactory technical support. The procedure was well accepted by the prescreened donors with minimum adverse reactions.
自2019年12月以来，由严重急性呼吸系统综合征(SARS-CoV-2)引起的冠状病毒病-2019 (COVID-19)成为一个全球性的卫生问题。没有发现一种治疗方法对COVID-19有效。COVID-19恢复期血浆(CCP)输血是一种有效且后勤可行的治疗策略。目的:探讨新冠肺炎单供血浆置换的可行性，分析恢复期血浆置换供者的临床人口学数据和生化参数的统计学意义，并进一步研究单供血浆置换过程中出现的不良反应和技术问题。材料和方法:从2020年6月到2021年3月，进行了为期10个月的前瞻性观察研究。该研究包括235个筛选供体和50个单供体血浆置换(sdp)程序。捐赠者是根据印度医学研究委员会(ICMR)给出的标准选择的。所有血浆置换操作均在自动血细胞分离器上进行。将结果制成表格，并使用SPSS (statistical Package for Social Sciences)软件进行统计分析。结果:在235名潜在CCP供体中，164名(69.78%)符合条件。不合格献血者的原因为不愿捐献、无SARS-CoV-2抗体、输血传播疾病(TTD)阳性、血液学参数不正确。符合条件的献血者实际献血50例(21.27%)。治疗所需CCP量(400 mL)可从大多数供者处收集。4例(8%)供者出现不良反应。结论:单供血浆分离法可采集足量CCP，技术支持满意。该方法被预先筛选的供者所接受，不良反应最小。
{"title":"Single Donor Plasmapheresis for COVID-19: An Experience from a Tertiary Care Hospital Based Blood Centre","authors":"A. Khade, S. Poflee, S. Parate, Swati B Gadhave, Vedita S Golhar, D. Kumbhalkar","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/55562.2677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/55562.2677","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) became a global health problem since December 2019. No single treatment was found to be effective against COVID-19. Transfusion of COVID Convalescent Plasma (CCP) was found to be a useful and logistically feasible therapeutic strategy in COVID-19. Aim: To study the feasibility of single donor plasmapheresis for COVID-19, to analyse statistical significance of clinico- demographical data and biochemical parameters of convalescent plasmapheresis donors and to further study the adverse reactions and technical problems that occurred during the procedure of single donor plasmapheresis. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out over a period of 10 months from June 2020 to March 2021. The study included 235 screened donors and 50 procedures for single donor plasmapheresis (SDPs). Donors were selected as per the standard criteria given by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). All plasmapheresis procedures were performed on an automated blood cell separator. The results were tabulated and statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results: Out of 235 prospective CCP donors, 164 (69.78%) were found eligible. The causes of non eligibility donors were unwillingness to donate, absence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody, Transfusion Transmitted Disease (TTD) positivity, and improper haematological parameters. Actual plasma donations were carried out in 50 (21.27%) eligible donors. Therapeutically needed amount of CCP (400 mL) could be collected from most of the donors. Adverse reactions were seen in 4 (8%) donors. Conclusion: Adequate amount of CCP could be collected by single donor plasmapheresis with satisfactory technical support. The procedure was well accepted by the prescreened donors with minimum adverse reactions.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71271291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7860/njlm/2022/58041.2683
Zini Chaurasia, C. Singh, Surbhi Jain, S. Agarwal, Renu Gupta
Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an easy, effective diagnostic tool that makes it the procedure of choice for all accessible swellings in the body. Castleman’s disease (CD) may present as unicentric or multicentric swelling hence is subjected to FNAC very frequently. CD mainly presents mediastinal nodes, nonetheless when present in salivary glands such as parotid, it is often diagnosed clinically as a salivary gland tumor. However, due to lack of adequate literature on its cytological features and non- specific radiological findings, the condition is often misdiagnosed. There are few case series on cytological features of CD and even fewer cases of CD in the parotid gland. Histopathology serves as the gold standard of diagnosis for CD. In superficial locations, these swellings are easily subjected to direct fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Radiologically guided FNA can be performed for deeper locations. Hence, the authors present a case of 19 year old male patient, who presented with a small superficial, preauricular swelling for FNAC. The initial FNAC yielded no conclusive opinion. however a repeat FNAC and histopathological examination led to the final diagnosis. This case report aims to highlight the cytomorphological and histopathological features of CD in the Parotid gland and various difficulties encountered in making the final diagnosis.
{"title":"Cytomorphology of Castleman’s Disease of Parotid Gland: Pitfalls and Diagnostic Dilemma in a Young Adult","authors":"Zini Chaurasia, C. Singh, Surbhi Jain, S. Agarwal, Renu Gupta","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/58041.2683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/58041.2683","url":null,"abstract":"Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an easy, effective diagnostic tool that makes it the procedure of choice for all accessible swellings in the body. Castleman’s disease (CD) may present as unicentric or multicentric swelling hence is subjected to FNAC very frequently. CD mainly presents mediastinal nodes, nonetheless when present in salivary glands such as parotid, it is often diagnosed clinically as a salivary gland tumor. However, due to lack of adequate literature on its cytological features and non- specific radiological findings, the condition is often misdiagnosed. There are few case series on cytological features of CD and even fewer cases of CD in the parotid gland. Histopathology serves as the gold standard of diagnosis for CD. In superficial locations, these swellings are easily subjected to direct fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Radiologically guided FNA can be performed for deeper locations. Hence, the authors present a case of 19 year old male patient, who presented with a small superficial, preauricular swelling for FNAC. The initial FNAC yielded no conclusive opinion. however a repeat FNAC and histopathological examination led to the final diagnosis. This case report aims to highlight the cytomorphological and histopathological features of CD in the Parotid gland and various difficulties encountered in making the final diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71271324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7860/njlm/2022/51716.2602
Seema M Patel, Gini Garima, N. Anand, A. Pandey, H. Kaur, Pullaiah Pasupuleti
Introduction: The global pandemic of novel Coronavirus Disease- 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide crippling the healthcare system. Besides the respiratory system, COVID-19 patients show signs of various degrees of liver damage, the mechanism and implication yet undeciphered. Hence, in this study, we aim to find out pattern and trend of derangement in liver functions in COVID-19 patients. Aim: To depict the pattern and trend of liver enzymes in COVID- 19 admitted patients without history of liver disease. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted as a single centred, retrospective, observational study, from June 2020 till December 2020. It included 1909 admitted COVID-19 positive patients diagnosed via either nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab by Real-Time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). The COVID-19 positive patients were divided into four groups Group I: Age- 15-20 years; 150 patients, Group II: Age 21-40 years; 645 patients, Group III: Age 41-60 years; 560 patients, Group IV: Age >60 years; 554 patients. Abnormality in liver tests was defined as greater than three times of upper limit of normal reference range Alanine Transaminase (ALT) >120 U/L, Aspartate Transaminase (AST) >120 U/L as Hepatocellular injury, greater than two times of upper limit of normal reference range Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) >250 U/L as Cholestatic Injury (CSI). The statistical analysis was done by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. Results: It was found that with respect to ALT levels, males in age 21-60 years, whereas females in two extremes of age 15-20 and >60 years age were the most affected. Whereas, females in age group <40 years were more affected with higher AST activity. With respect to abnormal ALP levels female in age group <40 years were most affected but males were most affected in age group >40 years. Conclusion: Irrespective of age and gender, abnormality in liver enzymes was observed. Liver Function Tests (LFT) are a part of routine investigations carried out at the time of admission; its abnormalities may guide us in devising strategy to prioritise patient management in correlation with inflammatory markers.
{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 on Liver Enzymes: A Retrospective Study","authors":"Seema M Patel, Gini Garima, N. Anand, A. Pandey, H. Kaur, Pullaiah Pasupuleti","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/51716.2602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/51716.2602","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The global pandemic of novel Coronavirus Disease- 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide crippling the healthcare system. Besides the respiratory system, COVID-19 patients show signs of various degrees of liver damage, the mechanism and implication yet undeciphered. Hence, in this study, we aim to find out pattern and trend of derangement in liver functions in COVID-19 patients. Aim: To depict the pattern and trend of liver enzymes in COVID- 19 admitted patients without history of liver disease. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted as a single centred, retrospective, observational study, from June 2020 till December 2020. It included 1909 admitted COVID-19 positive patients diagnosed via either nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab by Real-Time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). The COVID-19 positive patients were divided into four groups Group I: Age- 15-20 years; 150 patients, Group II: Age 21-40 years; 645 patients, Group III: Age 41-60 years; 560 patients, Group IV: Age >60 years; 554 patients. Abnormality in liver tests was defined as greater than three times of upper limit of normal reference range Alanine Transaminase (ALT) >120 U/L, Aspartate Transaminase (AST) >120 U/L as Hepatocellular injury, greater than two times of upper limit of normal reference range Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) >250 U/L as Cholestatic Injury (CSI). The statistical analysis was done by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. Results: It was found that with respect to ALT levels, males in age 21-60 years, whereas females in two extremes of age 15-20 and >60 years age were the most affected. Whereas, females in age group <40 years were more affected with higher AST activity. With respect to abnormal ALP levels female in age group <40 years were most affected but males were most affected in age group >40 years. Conclusion: Irrespective of age and gender, abnormality in liver enzymes was observed. Liver Function Tests (LFT) are a part of routine investigations carried out at the time of admission; its abnormalities may guide us in devising strategy to prioritise patient management in correlation with inflammatory markers.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71270165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7860/njlm/2022/52918.2572
K. Gunanithi, S. Sakthidasan
Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), a common metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycaemia is caused due to an absolute or relative insulin deficiency and/or insulin resistance. Vitamin D, a steroid hormone beyond its primary role on calcium and bone metabolism, also has been shown to have multiple other effects. Vitamin D levels have been studied in relation to glucose metabolism as role in insulin secretion and insulin resistance by many studies in the past. Aim: To estimate the levels of serum 25-OH vitamin D and to correlate with glycaemic status among uncontrolled T2DM patients. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted during August-September 2021 at Melmaruvathur Adhiparasakthi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research in Melmaruvthur, Tamil Nadu, India. In this study, 50 cases (uncontrolled T2DM) and 50 controls (healthy individuals), of both sexes aged between 40- 60 years were included. Blood samples were analysed for serum 25-OH cholecalciferol (Vitamin D), fasting and postprandial plasma glucose levels and statistical analysis was done by Independent sample t-test for significance testing, odds ratio for exposureoutcome association by logistic regression and Pearson coefficient for correlation using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 18.0. Results: Serum 25-OH vitamin D levels were significantly {p<0.005 (t=-9.005)} lower in cases {31.02±7.51 ng/mL} when compared to controls {48.30±11.29 ng/mL}. Logistic regression showed none of the predictor variables studied showing significant outcome association (p<0.05) for vitamin D predeficiency while Pearson correlation showed significant negative correlation with fasting (r=-0.463) and postprandial plasma glucose (r=-0.568), respectively at 0.01 level (2-tailed). Conclusion: Serum 25-OH Vitamin D levels were significantly lower and have significant inverse association with fasting plasma glucose levels and postprandial plasma glucose levels in uncontrolled T2DM patients. This substantiates the role of vitamin D in maintaining normal plasma glucose levels in T2DM patients. It is thereby proposed that serum 25-OH vitamin D levels be measured and followed-up for better glycaemic control among T2DM patients.
{"title":"Serum 25-OH Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D) Levels among Patients with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus- A Case-control Study","authors":"K. Gunanithi, S. Sakthidasan","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/52918.2572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/52918.2572","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), a common metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycaemia is caused due to an absolute or relative insulin deficiency and/or insulin resistance. Vitamin D, a steroid hormone beyond its primary role on calcium and bone metabolism, also has been shown to have multiple other effects. Vitamin D levels have been studied in relation to glucose metabolism as role in insulin secretion and insulin resistance by many studies in the past. Aim: To estimate the levels of serum 25-OH vitamin D and to correlate with glycaemic status among uncontrolled T2DM patients. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted during August-September 2021 at Melmaruvathur Adhiparasakthi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research in Melmaruvthur, Tamil Nadu, India. In this study, 50 cases (uncontrolled T2DM) and 50 controls (healthy individuals), of both sexes aged between 40- 60 years were included. Blood samples were analysed for serum 25-OH cholecalciferol (Vitamin D), fasting and postprandial plasma glucose levels and statistical analysis was done by Independent sample t-test for significance testing, odds ratio for exposureoutcome association by logistic regression and Pearson coefficient for correlation using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 18.0. Results: Serum 25-OH vitamin D levels were significantly {p<0.005 (t=-9.005)} lower in cases {31.02±7.51 ng/mL} when compared to controls {48.30±11.29 ng/mL}. Logistic regression showed none of the predictor variables studied showing significant outcome association (p<0.05) for vitamin D predeficiency while Pearson correlation showed significant negative correlation with fasting (r=-0.463) and postprandial plasma glucose (r=-0.568), respectively at 0.01 level (2-tailed). Conclusion: Serum 25-OH Vitamin D levels were significantly lower and have significant inverse association with fasting plasma glucose levels and postprandial plasma glucose levels in uncontrolled T2DM patients. This substantiates the role of vitamin D in maintaining normal plasma glucose levels in T2DM patients. It is thereby proposed that serum 25-OH vitamin D levels be measured and followed-up for better glycaemic control among T2DM patients.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71270671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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