Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7860/njlm/2022/49161:2581
Deepak Chandra Melkani, N. Sharma, Kulbhushan Kumar, S. Bisht
Introduction: Blood group information is an integral part of clinical diagnosis using various haematological techniques to understand haematological disorders. Simultaneously, it is mandatory to have clear information on blood groups in case of blood transfusion and related matters. It is important to have complete history of the patients and the subjects including establishment and maintenance of blood banks. Aim: The aim was to study the clinical and physiological manifestations of blood group typing in social groups. Materials and Methods: The present observational study was carried out in four districts (Nainital, Champawat, Pithoragarh and Udham Singh Nagar) of Kumaun region of Uttarakhand, India from March 2018 to March 2019 to record the blood group of students from randomly selected schools and colleges. The collected numerical data was statistically analysed in the form of bar diagram by using Microsoft Excel software. Results: The present survey was carried out during the year 2018 in the colleges, covering 1073 students to understand the blood groups. During the investigation, the majority of students exhibited B+ (242) followed by O+ (237), A+ (208), AB+ (121), O- (15), B- (9), A- (8) and AB- (7) respectively. There were 226 students who refused to give blood sample for blood group typing due to fear and other unexplained reasons. O+ (237) and B+ (242) blood groups were observed as most common blood groups and ABblood group was found only in seven students. Conclusion: The present study yielded information basically on blood group pattern across the population and it can be used by blood donation blood bank societies for collection of blood from various groups.
{"title":"Blood Group Typing of Students from Various Social Groups of Kumaun Region, Uttarakhand, India","authors":"Deepak Chandra Melkani, N. Sharma, Kulbhushan Kumar, S. Bisht","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/49161:2581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/49161:2581","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Blood group information is an integral part of clinical diagnosis using various haematological techniques to understand haematological disorders. Simultaneously, it is mandatory to have clear information on blood groups in case of blood transfusion and related matters. It is important to have complete history of the patients and the subjects including establishment and maintenance of blood banks. Aim: The aim was to study the clinical and physiological manifestations of blood group typing in social groups. Materials and Methods: The present observational study was carried out in four districts (Nainital, Champawat, Pithoragarh and Udham Singh Nagar) of Kumaun region of Uttarakhand, India from March 2018 to March 2019 to record the blood group of students from randomly selected schools and colleges. The collected numerical data was statistically analysed in the form of bar diagram by using Microsoft Excel software. Results: The present survey was carried out during the year 2018 in the colleges, covering 1073 students to understand the blood groups. During the investigation, the majority of students exhibited B+ (242) followed by O+ (237), A+ (208), AB+ (121), O- (15), B- (9), A- (8) and AB- (7) respectively. There were 226 students who refused to give blood sample for blood group typing due to fear and other unexplained reasons. O+ (237) and B+ (242) blood groups were observed as most common blood groups and ABblood group was found only in seven students. Conclusion: The present study yielded information basically on blood group pattern across the population and it can be used by blood donation blood bank societies for collection of blood from various groups.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71269726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7860/njlm/2022/51331.2634
C. Vidula, Sakthisankari Shanmugasundaram, Prasanna N. Kumar
Introduction: The transfusion of blood and blood components is a life-saving procedure in clinical practice. However, it is associated with risks that can range from trivial self-limited Allergic Reactions (AR) to life endangering anaphylactic or haemolytic transfusion reactions. Aim: To analyse the pattern and incidence of transfusion related adverse events and to develop preventive strategies. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study conducted at Department of Pathology, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, on data of Adverse Transfusion Reactions (ATR) reported to the blood bank over a period of 12 years from January 2006 to December 2018. The ATRs were analysed with respect to gender, type of blood component, and nature of the reaction. The data collected were tabulated and the analysis was done using percentages. Results: A total of 1,60,914 units of Whole Blood (WB) and blood components were issued during the study period. A 271 adverse reactions (129 reactions in females and 142 reactions in males) were documented constituting 0.168% of the total products issued, majority were due to packed red cells (0.29%). The incidence of AR was the maximum, accounting for 63.1% of the reactions (n=171, 75 in females and 96 in males) followed by Febrile Non Haemolytic Transfusion Reactions (FNHTR) which were 33.57% (n=91, 42 in males and 49 in females). There were four cases of Transfusion Associated Acute Lung Injury (TRALI), all in males, accounting for 1.48% of the reactions, three cases of anaphylactoid reactions (2 in females and 1 in male) accounting for 1.11% of the total reactions and two cases of haemolytic transfusion reaction (0.73%). Conclusion: The frequency of adverse reactions in the present study is 0.168% (271 out of 1, 60,914 units), majority were due to packed red cells (0.29%). No adverse reactions due to bacterial contamination occurred during the study period. It is important to ensure education of nursing staff, interns, and residents regarding the correct procedure of blood transfusion, identification of adverse reactions and appropriate remedial measures for the same.
{"title":"Adverse Reactions to Blood Components- A Twelve-Year Retrospective Study- A Step towards Prevention","authors":"C. Vidula, Sakthisankari Shanmugasundaram, Prasanna N. Kumar","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/51331.2634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/51331.2634","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The transfusion of blood and blood components is a life-saving procedure in clinical practice. However, it is associated with risks that can range from trivial self-limited Allergic Reactions (AR) to life endangering anaphylactic or haemolytic transfusion reactions. Aim: To analyse the pattern and incidence of transfusion related adverse events and to develop preventive strategies. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study conducted at Department of Pathology, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, on data of Adverse Transfusion Reactions (ATR) reported to the blood bank over a period of 12 years from January 2006 to December 2018. The ATRs were analysed with respect to gender, type of blood component, and nature of the reaction. The data collected were tabulated and the analysis was done using percentages. Results: A total of 1,60,914 units of Whole Blood (WB) and blood components were issued during the study period. A 271 adverse reactions (129 reactions in females and 142 reactions in males) were documented constituting 0.168% of the total products issued, majority were due to packed red cells (0.29%). The incidence of AR was the maximum, accounting for 63.1% of the reactions (n=171, 75 in females and 96 in males) followed by Febrile Non Haemolytic Transfusion Reactions (FNHTR) which were 33.57% (n=91, 42 in males and 49 in females). There were four cases of Transfusion Associated Acute Lung Injury (TRALI), all in males, accounting for 1.48% of the reactions, three cases of anaphylactoid reactions (2 in females and 1 in male) accounting for 1.11% of the total reactions and two cases of haemolytic transfusion reaction (0.73%). Conclusion: The frequency of adverse reactions in the present study is 0.168% (271 out of 1, 60,914 units), majority were due to packed red cells (0.29%). No adverse reactions due to bacterial contamination occurred during the study period. It is important to ensure education of nursing staff, interns, and residents regarding the correct procedure of blood transfusion, identification of adverse reactions and appropriate remedial measures for the same.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71270136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7860/njlm/2022/51735.2586
K. Patel, P. Patel, Gaur Bhumika, P. Shah
Introduction: The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has emerged from Wuhan, China in late 2019 and spread across the world in few months. This pandemic has affected people all over the world in terms of not only health but also psychologically, economically and socially. Early diagnosis by Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test helped the health system to isolate the patient and prevent the spread of the disease in community. Aim: To know the prevalence of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study and focused on early detection of asymptomatic COVID19 infection among Healthcare Workers (HCW) by RT-PCR test. Total of 356 samples were collected of all HCW working in Nootan Medical College and Research Centre Visnagar, Gujarat, India, in month of May 2021. Data were analysed on basis of job profile, working area and vaccination status. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of total 356 samples, six were positive showing prevalence of 1.68%. Out of these six positive workers two had exposure to COVID-19 positive patients at home in last 10 days. No significance was found in positivity rate in relation to job profile, working area in hospital and vaccination status. Conclusion: This study reveals low prevalence of asymptomatic infection among HCWs engaged in COVID-19 related duties. The HCWs are at highest risk of contracting infection, hence it is necessary to protect their safety and health as infection among them can spread to other co-workers and patients.
{"title":"Detection of Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infection among Healthcare Workers of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern Gujarat, India","authors":"K. Patel, P. Patel, Gaur Bhumika, P. Shah","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/51735.2586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/51735.2586","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has emerged from Wuhan, China in late 2019 and spread across the world in few months. This pandemic has affected people all over the world in terms of not only health but also psychologically, economically and socially. Early diagnosis by Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test helped the health system to isolate the patient and prevent the spread of the disease in community. Aim: To know the prevalence of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study and focused on early detection of asymptomatic COVID19 infection among Healthcare Workers (HCW) by RT-PCR test. Total of 356 samples were collected of all HCW working in Nootan Medical College and Research Centre Visnagar, Gujarat, India, in month of May 2021. Data were analysed on basis of job profile, working area and vaccination status. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of total 356 samples, six were positive showing prevalence of 1.68%. Out of these six positive workers two had exposure to COVID-19 positive patients at home in last 10 days. No significance was found in positivity rate in relation to job profile, working area in hospital and vaccination status. Conclusion: This study reveals low prevalence of asymptomatic infection among HCWs engaged in COVID-19 related duties. The HCWs are at highest risk of contracting infection, hence it is necessary to protect their safety and health as infection among them can spread to other co-workers and patients.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71270233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Bacterial meningitis among adults is a medical emergency and requires immediate diagnosis as well as immediate treatment. As clinical diagnosis is not always reliable, laboratory isolation along with antimicrobial susceptibility results are crucial. Conventional agar culture methods gives poor sensitivity and delayed results. Automated culture methods like BACTEC are suitable option for culture of sterile fluids beside blood culture. Aim: To determine the bacterial agents causing meningitis in this region, along with their antibiogram by using automated culture system BACTEC FX40. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted between October 2019-September 2020 in Department of Microbiology, Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India. Cereospinal Fluid (CSF) samples received from medicine Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and wards were processed by inoculating them on BD BACTEC Peds Plus/F bottle and then incubating them on BACTEC BD FX40 system. The bottles flagged and positive were subcultured and further processed according to standard laboratory procedures. The antibiotic sensitivity test was performed from isolated organisms by Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: A total of 108 CSF were received for culture by automated methods from patients suspected of meningitis during the study period. Out of them 84 (77.8%) beeped as positive while 24 (22.2%) were sterile. From the positives, 77 showed growth of gram positive cocci, three were gram negative bacilli and four showed growth of environmental and skin contaminants that were excluded from the study. All gram positive cocci were identified as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The antibiotic sensitivity testing showed 100% sensitivity to vancomycin and linezolid. Only 25 isolates of S. aureus were sensitive to cefoxitin. Both the isolates of Escherichia coli (E. coli) were sensitive to cefazolin, ceftazidime, aztreonam. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) was sensitive to amikacin and piperacillin/tazobactum. Conclusion: A shift in the trend was observed in the aetiology of bacterial meningitis with Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as the most predominant isolate among adult population. BACTEC FX40 system was found more sensitive in detecting pathogens over the conventional methods with reduced time to positivity. Early detection of causative organism will facilitate early initiation of suitable antibiotic therapy, thereby reducing mortality and meningitis associated complications.
{"title":"Identification of Bacterial Agents causing Meningitis in Adult Population using BACTEC FX40 System","authors":"Ajay Saini, Ved Prakash, Deepika Verma, Lautika Sonkar, Saumya Agarwal, Haniya Jafar","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/51902.2631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/51902.2631","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Bacterial meningitis among adults is a medical emergency and requires immediate diagnosis as well as immediate treatment. As clinical diagnosis is not always reliable, laboratory isolation along with antimicrobial susceptibility results are crucial. Conventional agar culture methods gives poor sensitivity and delayed results. Automated culture methods like BACTEC are suitable option for culture of sterile fluids beside blood culture. Aim: To determine the bacterial agents causing meningitis in this region, along with their antibiogram by using automated culture system BACTEC FX40. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted between October 2019-September 2020 in Department of Microbiology, Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India. Cereospinal Fluid (CSF) samples received from medicine Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and wards were processed by inoculating them on BD BACTEC Peds Plus/F bottle and then incubating them on BACTEC BD FX40 system. The bottles flagged and positive were subcultured and further processed according to standard laboratory procedures. The antibiotic sensitivity test was performed from isolated organisms by Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: A total of 108 CSF were received for culture by automated methods from patients suspected of meningitis during the study period. Out of them 84 (77.8%) beeped as positive while 24 (22.2%) were sterile. From the positives, 77 showed growth of gram positive cocci, three were gram negative bacilli and four showed growth of environmental and skin contaminants that were excluded from the study. All gram positive cocci were identified as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The antibiotic sensitivity testing showed 100% sensitivity to vancomycin and linezolid. Only 25 isolates of S. aureus were sensitive to cefoxitin. Both the isolates of Escherichia coli (E. coli) were sensitive to cefazolin, ceftazidime, aztreonam. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) was sensitive to amikacin and piperacillin/tazobactum. Conclusion: A shift in the trend was observed in the aetiology of bacterial meningitis with Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as the most predominant isolate among adult population. BACTEC FX40 system was found more sensitive in detecting pathogens over the conventional methods with reduced time to positivity. Early detection of causative organism will facilitate early initiation of suitable antibiotic therapy, thereby reducing mortality and meningitis associated complications.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71270284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7860/njlm/2022/50683.2560
N. Ingole, Trupti Mathure, Meena Jinwal, PL Kashyap, Shreeraj L Talwadekar, G. Nataraj
Introduction: Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) catapulted the need to build, upgrade and expand the number of diagnostic laboratories having molecular capacity. Setting up and sustaining a molecular laboratory especially in the backdrop of a lockdown presented many challenges. The Department of Microbiology, in a tertiary level hospital in Mumbai was one of the first to start the molecular testing laboratory. All other tests performed in the department are accredited as per International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) 15189:2012 since 2015. However, starting a molecular diagnostic facility for COVID-19 testing presented a unique set of challenges as the organism in question belonged to risk category 2 and had the potential for airborne transmission. Aim: To determine the challenges faced and activities undertaken especially with regards to the role of Quality Management System (QMS) in setting up and sustaining a molecular diagnostic facility during COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out of experiences and data generated from March 2020 to April 2021 at the Microbiology Department of a tertiary level medical college and hospital in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The article included the processes which required and data generated during setting up and sustaining a new molecular testing facility as per the QMS with special reference to the 12 Quality System Essentials (QSE). Quality Indicators (QI) were identified, objectives defined and monitored over the period of the study. It was a descriptive study and statistical analysis was not indicated. Results: All the objectives of the QI were met with. Only 4% staff needed corrective training. Specimen rejection rate pretest and post-test was 0.26% and 0.56%, respectively. Quality control failure was seen in 0.16% runs and Turnaround Time (TAT) deviated beyond 12 hours in 0.52% samples. The run contamination, equipment problems and laboratory associated infections were 0.08%, 0.56% and 0%, respectively. There were no External Quality Assessment (EQAS) failure and negative feedback. Laboratory contamination rate was 1.02%. Definite improvement was observed over time in all identified parameters. Conclusion: Implementation of QMS with specific reference to strengthening QSE is a necessary requirement for achieving quality standards.
{"title":"Role of Quality Management System in Setting up and Sustaining a Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory during COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"N. Ingole, Trupti Mathure, Meena Jinwal, PL Kashyap, Shreeraj L Talwadekar, G. Nataraj","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/50683.2560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/50683.2560","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) catapulted the need to build, upgrade and expand the number of diagnostic laboratories having molecular capacity. Setting up and sustaining a molecular laboratory especially in the backdrop of a lockdown presented many challenges. The Department of Microbiology, in a tertiary level hospital in Mumbai was one of the first to start the molecular testing laboratory. All other tests performed in the department are accredited as per International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) 15189:2012 since 2015. However, starting a molecular diagnostic facility for COVID-19 testing presented a unique set of challenges as the organism in question belonged to risk category 2 and had the potential for airborne transmission. Aim: To determine the challenges faced and activities undertaken especially with regards to the role of Quality Management System (QMS) in setting up and sustaining a molecular diagnostic facility during COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out of experiences and data generated from March 2020 to April 2021 at the Microbiology Department of a tertiary level medical college and hospital in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The article included the processes which required and data generated during setting up and sustaining a new molecular testing facility as per the QMS with special reference to the 12 Quality System Essentials (QSE). Quality Indicators (QI) were identified, objectives defined and monitored over the period of the study. It was a descriptive study and statistical analysis was not indicated. Results: All the objectives of the QI were met with. Only 4% staff needed corrective training. Specimen rejection rate pretest and post-test was 0.26% and 0.56%, respectively. Quality control failure was seen in 0.16% runs and Turnaround Time (TAT) deviated beyond 12 hours in 0.52% samples. The run contamination, equipment problems and laboratory associated infections were 0.08%, 0.56% and 0%, respectively. There were no External Quality Assessment (EQAS) failure and negative feedback. Laboratory contamination rate was 1.02%. Definite improvement was observed over time in all identified parameters. Conclusion: Implementation of QMS with specific reference to strengthening QSE is a necessary requirement for achieving quality standards.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71270362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7860/njlm/2022/53630.2612
Sheetal Paresh Patel, Kalpesh Nakrani, Vilas U. Chavan, Nikunj R. Patel, Roshani Prajapati
Introduction: With advance in technology, many instruments with wide variety of principle or technologies are available in market and in laboratory to conduct sample processing in time bound period. To fulfill the laboratory quality goal, it is essential that result matching be obtained in all used biochemical analysers for examinations. Documented evidence of method/instrument comparison can be used in future for quality improvement purposes. Aim: To assess and compare equivalence and harmonisation in glucose results produce by ERBA XL-640 vs ERBA XL-1000 in clinical biochemistry laboratory. Materials and Methods: A comparative study was carried out by results comparison of glucose measurements obtained in two automated systems ERBA XL-640 and ERBA XL-1000 in Clinical Biochemistry laboratory at Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education and Research between June 2021 to October 2021, based on protocol EP09-3A of result harmonisation and review article-method comparison. The results value were compared according to the total allowable error in Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA’88). Results were analysed by visual and quantitative analysis method Regression analysis and Bland-Altman plot, Method evaluation chart (Normalised MEDx chart). Results: Total of 48 samples were run within the batches and between the batches and quantitative analysis of difference was done. It is acceptable at medical decision level 40 mg/dL, 120 mg/dL and 180 mg/dL with comparison to total allowable error. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the comparison of ERBA XL-640 and ERBA XL-1000 for glucose examination by end point method {Glucose Oxidase-Peroxidase (GOD-POD) method} is acceptable and can be used interchangeably without repeat at major clinical decision levels.
{"title":"Comparison of Clinical Chemistry Analysers ERBA XL-640 vs ERBA XL-1000 for Glucose Estimation","authors":"Sheetal Paresh Patel, Kalpesh Nakrani, Vilas U. Chavan, Nikunj R. Patel, Roshani Prajapati","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/53630.2612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/53630.2612","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: With advance in technology, many instruments with wide variety of principle or technologies are available in market and in laboratory to conduct sample processing in time bound period. To fulfill the laboratory quality goal, it is essential that result matching be obtained in all used biochemical analysers for examinations. Documented evidence of method/instrument comparison can be used in future for quality improvement purposes. Aim: To assess and compare equivalence and harmonisation in glucose results produce by ERBA XL-640 vs ERBA XL-1000 in clinical biochemistry laboratory. Materials and Methods: A comparative study was carried out by results comparison of glucose measurements obtained in two automated systems ERBA XL-640 and ERBA XL-1000 in Clinical Biochemistry laboratory at Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education and Research between June 2021 to October 2021, based on protocol EP09-3A of result harmonisation and review article-method comparison. The results value were compared according to the total allowable error in Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA’88). Results were analysed by visual and quantitative analysis method Regression analysis and Bland-Altman plot, Method evaluation chart (Normalised MEDx chart). Results: Total of 48 samples were run within the batches and between the batches and quantitative analysis of difference was done. It is acceptable at medical decision level 40 mg/dL, 120 mg/dL and 180 mg/dL with comparison to total allowable error. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the comparison of ERBA XL-640 and ERBA XL-1000 for glucose examination by end point method {Glucose Oxidase-Peroxidase (GOD-POD) method} is acceptable and can be used interchangeably without repeat at major clinical decision levels.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71270767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7860/njlm/2022/53058.2592
Zini Chaurasia, Renu Gupta, S. Agarwal
Lipoid pneumonia has been described in as early as 1925, by Laughlen GF, to be a rare variant of pneumonia caused by the inhalation of oil droplets. Around 50% of the patients with lipoid pneumonia are asymptomatic. Here, a case is presented where peritoneal fluid and tissue pieces from various organs of a 12-year-old female were received for examination after autopsy. There was no history of any illness before death. Cytology of fluid revealed features suggestive of endometriosis. Microscopy of lung sections revealed numerous lipid droplets in the alveoli and the interstitium along with a mild inflammatory infiltrate suggestive of lipoid pneumonia. In view of incidental findings in present case report, the occupational history or history of inhalation of oil-based medications becomes very important and should always be investigated. Also, in the absence of any symptoms peritoneal fluid needs to be studied carefully for any pathology.
{"title":"Lipoid Pneumonia and Peritoneal Endometriosis: Rare Incidental Findings on Autopsy","authors":"Zini Chaurasia, Renu Gupta, S. Agarwal","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/53058.2592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/53058.2592","url":null,"abstract":"Lipoid pneumonia has been described in as early as 1925, by Laughlen GF, to be a rare variant of pneumonia caused by the inhalation of oil droplets. Around 50% of the patients with lipoid pneumonia are asymptomatic. Here, a case is presented where peritoneal fluid and tissue pieces from various organs of a 12-year-old female were received for examination after autopsy. There was no history of any illness before death. Cytology of fluid revealed features suggestive of endometriosis. Microscopy of lung sections revealed numerous lipid droplets in the alveoli and the interstitium along with a mild inflammatory infiltrate suggestive of lipoid pneumonia. In view of incidental findings in present case report, the occupational history or history of inhalation of oil-based medications becomes very important and should always be investigated. Also, in the absence of any symptoms peritoneal fluid needs to be studied carefully for any pathology.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71270773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7860/njlm/2022/51955.2629
A. Parande, Rupapali Shinde, M. Parande, Rubeena Ishrat Mulla, Uma Chikkaraddi
Introduction: Dengue virus of the Flaviviridae family is the causative agent of dengue fever. The Aedes aegypti mosquito is the main vector for its transmission. Though, the cases of dengue fever are mild and self-resolving, there can be fatal complications like Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS). Aim: To study the trends in the seroprevalence of dengue in serum samples of suspected cases. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross- sectional study which was conducted from January 2017 to December 2019, at Belagavi Institute of Medical Sciences (BIMS), Belagavi, Karnataka, India. The serum samples were collected from suspected dengue fever cases and tested by Immunoglobulin M (IgM) capture Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), to detect IgM antibody against dengue virus and NS1 capture ELISA for dengue NS1 (nonstructural protein 1) antigen using ELISA kits manufactured by National Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune. The tests were performed according to the manufacturer’s instruction. The data obtained from the study was analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 8,992 serum samples were tested over a period of three years, of which 1,340 (14.90%) were positive for dengue infection. Among which 1,048 (78.21%) were positive for anti-dengue IgM antibodies, 109 (8.13%) were positive for NS1 antigen and 183 (13.66%) were positive for both. Most affected age group was 11-20 years and male to female ratio is 1.18:1. The seasonal peak was observed in monsoon i.e. month of June (15.52%) followed by August (12.02%). Conclusion: Seroprevalence of dengue infection being critical signifies the importance of detection of both IgM antibodies and NS1 antigen for diagnosis of dengue infection. The study also identifies younger population being at higher risk and also monsoon as the most favourable season for viral transmission in this region and highlights the importance of concerted efforts towards disease control and prevention.
{"title":"Trends in the Seroprevalence of Dengue in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North Karnataka, India","authors":"A. Parande, Rupapali Shinde, M. Parande, Rubeena Ishrat Mulla, Uma Chikkaraddi","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/51955.2629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/51955.2629","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Dengue virus of the Flaviviridae family is the causative agent of dengue fever. The Aedes aegypti mosquito is the main vector for its transmission. Though, the cases of dengue fever are mild and self-resolving, there can be fatal complications like Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS). Aim: To study the trends in the seroprevalence of dengue in serum samples of suspected cases. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross- sectional study which was conducted from January 2017 to December 2019, at Belagavi Institute of Medical Sciences (BIMS), Belagavi, Karnataka, India. The serum samples were collected from suspected dengue fever cases and tested by Immunoglobulin M (IgM) capture Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), to detect IgM antibody against dengue virus and NS1 capture ELISA for dengue NS1 (nonstructural protein 1) antigen using ELISA kits manufactured by National Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune. The tests were performed according to the manufacturer’s instruction. The data obtained from the study was analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 8,992 serum samples were tested over a period of three years, of which 1,340 (14.90%) were positive for dengue infection. Among which 1,048 (78.21%) were positive for anti-dengue IgM antibodies, 109 (8.13%) were positive for NS1 antigen and 183 (13.66%) were positive for both. Most affected age group was 11-20 years and male to female ratio is 1.18:1. The seasonal peak was observed in monsoon i.e. month of June (15.52%) followed by August (12.02%). Conclusion: Seroprevalence of dengue infection being critical signifies the importance of detection of both IgM antibodies and NS1 antigen for diagnosis of dengue infection. The study also identifies younger population being at higher risk and also monsoon as the most favourable season for viral transmission in this region and highlights the importance of concerted efforts towards disease control and prevention.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71270799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7860/njlm/2022/48938.2558
Ayushi R. Saxena, Ashumi Gupta
Sebaceous Carcinoma is a rare locally aggressive tumour of adnexal epithelium with a potential to metastasize to regional lymph node and distant organs. It constitutes between 1.5 to 5% of all eyelid malignant tumours. After basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, it ranks third in incidence. Sebaceous carcinoma is seen more commonly in elderly females with average age at diagnosis in mid-sixties. Few cases have been reported in paediatric age group. Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma (SGC) is a slowly progressive tumor that arises usually from the meibomian gland in the eyelid, and has a locally aggressive nature with a tendency for pagetoid spread. The neoplasm is known to masquerade other benign and less malignant lesions. The non-specific clinical symptoms may lead to a delay in diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid. Less than 120 cases of extra-occular sebaceous cell carcinoma have been reported so far. Here, the authors present a case of 60 years old female patient, who presented with cheek nodule and cytological diagnosis of metastatic sebaceous carcinoma was made based on cytomorphological features.
{"title":"Metastatic Sebaceous Carcinoma Presenting as Cheek Nodule: A Rare Case","authors":"Ayushi R. Saxena, Ashumi Gupta","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/48938.2558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/48938.2558","url":null,"abstract":"Sebaceous Carcinoma is a rare locally aggressive tumour of adnexal epithelium with a potential to metastasize to regional lymph node and distant organs. It constitutes between 1.5 to 5% of all eyelid malignant tumours. After basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, it ranks third in incidence. Sebaceous carcinoma is seen more commonly in elderly females with average age at diagnosis in mid-sixties. Few cases have been reported in paediatric age group. Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma (SGC) is a slowly progressive tumor that arises usually from the meibomian gland in the eyelid, and has a locally aggressive nature with a tendency for pagetoid spread. The neoplasm is known to masquerade other benign and less malignant lesions. The non-specific clinical symptoms may lead to a delay in diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid. Less than 120 cases of extra-occular sebaceous cell carcinoma have been reported so far. Here, the authors present a case of 60 years old female patient, who presented with cheek nodule and cytological diagnosis of metastatic sebaceous carcinoma was made based on cytomorphological features.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71269630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.7860/njlm/2022/48394.2615
D. Savitha, A. Neelima, K. Padmaja, Umabala Pamidi, M. Patil, V. Teja
Introduction: Intestinal coccidian parasites known to cause opportunistic infections have increased since the past years and are often indistinguishable from other forms of community- acquired diarrhoea, which suggests a need for proper and rapid diagnostic techniques to recover and identify the organism. Aim: To investigate if Auramine Rhodamine (AR) staining is a sensitive and time conserving staining technique in contrast to modified acid fast stain. Materials and Methods: A descriptive observational study was conducted at Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India, over a period of three months (i.e., from July to September 2019). A total of 100 stool samples received by the Department of Microbiology were subjected to macroscopic and microscopic examination by saline mount, iodine mount, kinyoun acid fast stain, modified AR staining. Results: In the present study the prevalence of coccidian infections were observed to be 6%. Coccidian parasites reported were Cryptosporidium species and Cystoisospora species immunocompromised patients were found to be more prone to infections with coccidian parasites. The AR stain showed 100% agreement with modified acid fast stain. Conclusion: This study concluded that the AR stain is a rapid and better stain than kinyoun acid-fast stain for the detection of coccidian parasites.
{"title":"Detection of Coccidian Parasites using Auramine Rhodamine Stain: A Rapid and Sensitive Tool","authors":"D. Savitha, A. Neelima, K. Padmaja, Umabala Pamidi, M. Patil, V. Teja","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/48394.2615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/48394.2615","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Intestinal coccidian parasites known to cause opportunistic infections have increased since the past years and are often indistinguishable from other forms of community- acquired diarrhoea, which suggests a need for proper and rapid diagnostic techniques to recover and identify the organism. Aim: To investigate if Auramine Rhodamine (AR) staining is a sensitive and time conserving staining technique in contrast to modified acid fast stain. Materials and Methods: A descriptive observational study was conducted at Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India, over a period of three months (i.e., from July to September 2019). A total of 100 stool samples received by the Department of Microbiology were subjected to macroscopic and microscopic examination by saline mount, iodine mount, kinyoun acid fast stain, modified AR staining. Results: In the present study the prevalence of coccidian infections were observed to be 6%. Coccidian parasites reported were Cryptosporidium species and Cystoisospora species immunocompromised patients were found to be more prone to infections with coccidian parasites. The AR stain showed 100% agreement with modified acid fast stain. Conclusion: This study concluded that the AR stain is a rapid and better stain than kinyoun acid-fast stain for the detection of coccidian parasites.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71269946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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