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“More About the Neighborhood Than the School”: Leveraging “Don’t Know” Survey Responses to Probe Parental Evaluations of School Safety "与其说是学校,不如说是社区":利用 "不知道 "的调查回答来探究家长对学校安全的评价
IF 2.8 3区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1177/23328584241253562
Chase M. Billingham, Shelley M. Kimelberg, Matthew O. Hunt
We utilize original survey data to examine factors influencing parental assessment of schools. When asked a series of questions about their evaluation of hypothetical schools in a survey experiment, respondents were given the option to select “don’t know” and explain in their own words what additional information they would want to know about the school in order to make their decision. Respondents were especially likely to answer “don’t know” in response to a question about school safety. We explore patterns of “don’t know” responses through analysis of the open-ended answers that respondents provided. Rather than focusing solely on school characteristics, open-ended responses reveal that parents tend to worry about crime and safety issues in the neighborhoods surrounding schools. We discuss the implications of these findings for education policy, school practice, and education research methods.
我们利用原始调查数据来研究影响家长对学校评价的因素。在一项调查实验中,我们向受访者提出了一系列有关他们对假设学校评价的问题,受访者可以选择 "不知道",并用自己的话解释他们希望了解学校的哪些其他信息,以便做出决定。在回答有关学校安全的问题时,受访者尤其倾向于回答 "不知道"。我们通过分析受访者提供的开放式答案来探讨 "不知道 "回答的模式。开放式回答显示,家长往往担心学校周边社区的犯罪和安全问题,而不是仅仅关注学校的特点。我们将讨论这些发现对教育政策、学校实践和教育研究方法的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Uncovering the Connections Among Rural Science Teachers: A Social Network Analysis 揭示农村科学教师之间的联系:社会网络分析
IF 2.8 3区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1177/23328584241253821
Tracy Poulsen, Heather Leary, Alan Daly, Rebecca Sansom
Using social network analysis, we sought to characterize the professional collaboration and advice networks among rural science teachers. Furthermore, we explored how the characteristics of individual teachers and distance between teachers affected the likelihood of forming connections. Science teachers in publicly funded rural schools were asked whom they collaborate with and seek advice from and the mode and frequency of their communications. Results were analyzed using UCINET to calculate statistical significance of tie formation. Ties among rural teachers were sparse, with a quarter of teachers having no connections within the bounded network. In contrast to other social network studies, characteristics of individual teachers were not a significant predictor of tie formation in our population, but geographic proximity was a strong predictor. Our findings suggest that districts can support teachers in forming supportive ties by providing time, funding, and/or technology tools and training.
通过社会网络分析,我们试图描述农村科学教师之间的专业合作和建议网络。此外,我们还探讨了教师个人的特点和教师之间的距离如何影响建立联系的可能性。我们询问了公立农村学校的科学教师,他们与谁合作、向谁寻求建议,以及他们交流的方式和频率。我们使用 UCINET 对结果进行了分析,以计算建立联系的统计意义。农村教师之间的联系稀少,四分之一的教师在有界网络中没有联系。与其他社会网络研究不同的是,在我们的研究对象中,教师个人的特征并不是形成联系的重要预测因素,但地理上的邻近性却是一个强有力的预测因素。我们的研究结果表明,地区可以通过提供时间、资金和/或技术工具和培训,支持教师建立支持性联系。
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引用次数: 0
Rethinking College Transitions: Legitimate Peripheral Participation as a Pathway to Becoming 反思大学过渡:合法的外围参与是通向成才之路
IF 2.8 3区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1177/23328584241255631
Dallin George Young, Bryce D. Bunting
This paper’s purpose is to review theoretical explanations of college transitions, offer a critique of their utility, and make an explicit argument that the field of higher education would benefit from a shift from a view of transition as induction or development to transition as becoming. Moreover, we propose that the use of legitimate peripheral participation paired with transition as becoming as an emerging theoretical viewpoint that (1) points toward ways educators can shape environments that support transitions as becoming, (2) more effectively describes the lived experiences of students in transition, and (3) facilitates improved understanding, study, and implementation of student transition programs in the United States.
本文旨在回顾大学过渡时期的理论解释,对其实用性提出批评,并明确论证高等教育领域将受益于从过渡时期的归纳或发展观点到过渡时期的成为观点的转变。此外,我们还建议将合法的外围参与与 "过渡即成为 "搭配使用,将其作为一种新兴的理论观点,从而:(1)指出教育者如何塑造支持 "过渡即成为 "的环境;(2)更有效地描述处于过渡时期的学生的生活经历;以及(3)促进对美国学生过渡项目的理解、研究和实施。
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引用次数: 0
Head Start Children’s Dual Enrollment in State Pre-K: Prevalence and Child Outcomes 儿童在州立学前班的双重注册:流行率和儿童结果
IF 2.8 3区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1177/23328584241255612
Ji-Young Choi, Laura C. Betancur, Heather L. Rouse
The current study investigated the prevalence and outcomes related to Head Start (HS) children’s dual enrollment in state-funded prekindergarten (state Pre-K) using a secondary analysis of a statewide integrated administrative dataset (N = 2,986). It also explored whether a program partnership between HS and the local school district (within the same geographic service area) was associated with HS children’s higher enrollment in Pre-K. Findings showed that over half of the children attending HS additionally participated in Pre-K. Such dual enrollment, which reflects more daily hours of center-based early care and education, predicted higher teacher-reported school readiness skills, including cognitive, language, literacy, math, physical, and social-emotional skills. The rate of HS children’s dual enrollment was higher when their HS grantee had a stronger partnership with the local school district. Our findings highlight the importance of systematic efforts to maximize the utilization of ECE-allocated resources for low-income children.
本研究通过对全州综合行政数据集(N = 2,986)进行二次分析,调查了与 "起步计划"(Head Start,简称 "HS")儿童在州资助的学前班(简称 "州学前班")中双重注册有关的普遍性和结果。研究还探讨了 "学前班 "与当地学区(在同一地理服务区内)之间的项目合作是否与 "学前班 "儿童较高的学前班入学率有关。研究结果表明,超过半数就读 HS 的儿童还参加了学前班。这种双重注册反映了每天有更多的时间在中心接受早期保育和教育,预测了教师报告的更高的入学准备技能,包括认知、语言、识字、数学、体能和社会情感技能。如果 HS 受资助方与当地学区的合作关系更紧密,则 HS 儿童的双重入学率更高。我们的研究结果凸显了系统性工作的重要性,即最大限度地利用为低收入儿童分配的幼教资源。
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引用次数: 0
Major Selection as Iteration: Observing Gendered Patterns of Major Selection Under Elective Curriculums 作为迭代的专业选择:观察选修课程下专业选择的性别模式
IF 2.8 3区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.1177/23328584241249600
Tobias Dalberg, Kalena E. Cortes, Mitchell L. Stevens
Social scientists have long recognized field of study as an important mechanism of gender differentiation and stratification in U.S. higher education, but they have rarely attended to how elective curriculums mediate gender differentiation in major selection. Under elective curriculums, major selection is an iterative process, in which students select courses in stepwise fashion at the beginning of each academic term, and are able to change majors early in their undergraduate careers. We observe how an elective curriculum mediates gendered patterns of major selection, using a novel data set describing 11,730 students at a large public research university. We find (a) gender and intended major are strongly correlated upon college entry; (b) large proportions of students change majors between entry and declaration; (c) because most changes are to academically adjacent fields, gendered patterns in field of study persist through the undergraduate career. Findings suggest the value of an iterative conception of major selection and offer tractable means for intervening in the process through which students select majors.JEL codes: I21, I24, I26, J16.
长期以来,社会科学家一直认为专业是美国高等教育中性别分化和分层的重要机制,但他们很少关注选修课程是如何在专业选择中调解性别分化的。在选修课程中,专业选择是一个迭代的过程,学生在每学期初按部就班地选择课程,并能在本科生涯早期更换专业。我们利用一个描述一所大型公立研究型大学 11,730 名学生的新数据集,观察了选修课程如何介导专业选择的性别模式。我们发现:(a) 性别与入学时的意向专业密切相关;(b) 很大比例的学生在入学到宣布入学期间更换了专业;(c) 由于大多数更换的专业都是学术上相邻的领域,因此性别化的专业选择模式会持续到整个本科生涯。研究结果表明了专业选择迭代概念的价值,并为干预学生选择专业的过程提供了可行的方法:I21、I24、I26、J16。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring Whether and How Teacher Residencies Offer a Different Kind of Preparation 探索教师驻校是否以及如何提供不同类型的准备工作
IF 2.8 3区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1177/23328584241231937
Matthew Truwit, Matthew Ronfeldt, Emanuele Bardelli
The past two decades have seen the rise of the residency model, another nontraditional pathway to certification that offers an intensive, practice-based, context-specific preparation designed to address shortages in hard-to-staff districts. Although advocates call the model innovative, research examining residencies at scale warrants skepticism around whether they truly offer a distinctive preparation. Surveying all programs across Tennessee about their adoption of features that characterize the model, we find that residencies offer a unique pathway to teaching in some expected ways though not all. Specifically, residencies reported longer clinical placements, more financial support for residents, and higher rates of mentor training, though they mostly did not report unique practices of candidate recruitment, district partnership, mentor selection, or curricular design. Moreover, we see that the distinctiveness of the model is in decline, with evidence of its dilution among newer residencies and the spread of its features among traditional programs.
在过去的二十年里,驻校模式兴起,这是另一种非传统的认证途径,它提供了一种强化的、基于实践的、针对具体情况的准备,旨在解决困难地区的人员短缺问题。尽管这种模式的倡导者称其为创新模式,但对驻校模式的大规模研究表明,人们对这种模式是否真正提供了与众不同的准备工作持怀疑态度。我们调查了田纳西州的所有项目,了解他们是否采用了该模式的特征,结果发现,驻校项目在某些预期方面提供了独特的教学途径,但并非全部。具体而言,住院医师培训项目报告了更长的临床实习时间、为住院医师提供更多的财政支持以及更高的导师培训率,但它们大多没有报告在候选人招募、地区合作、导师选择或课程设计方面的独特做法。此外,我们还发现,该模式的独特性正在减弱,有证据表明其在新兴住院医师培训机构中被淡化,而其特点则在传统项目中得到了推广。
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引用次数: 0
Preliminary Development of the Racial Equity-Oriented Social-Emotional Learning Practices Measure 种族平等为导向的社会情感学习实践测量的初步发展
IF 2.8 3区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1177/23328584241246717
Deborah Rivas-Drake, Jozet Channey, Gina McGovern, Bernardette J. Pinetta
This article delineates the development of a measure to assess teachers’ reported engagement in practices that center on issues of racial equity as part of their SEL instruction. An iterative mixed-method approach included theoretical grounding, literature reviews, content expert evaluation, focus groups, cognitive interviews, and multiple survey administrations. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted using data from three independent samples of fifth- to eighth-grade teachers (N range = 240–260; White = 67–89%; Black = 3–7%; Latinx = 5–23%). Test-retest reliability was assessed in a fourth national sample from the RAND American Education Panels (N = 482; Black/African American = 19.9%, Latino/Hispanic = 16.2%, Asian/Asian American = 2.7%, American Indian/Native American = 1.9%, White = 66.0%, Middle Eastern/North African = 0.6%, and Other = 2.7%). Results suggest (1) evidence of strong internal consistency for the 41-item Racial Equity-oriented Social Emotional Learning (REQSEL) measure; (2) REQSEL scores correlated with multiple relevant measures of teachers’ beliefs and behaviors regarding race, ethnicity, culture, and social justice; and (3) REQSEL scores correlated with teachers’ own ethnic-racial identity beliefs.
本文介绍了一项措施的开发情况,该措施旨在评估教师参与以种族平等问题为中心的实践的情况,作为其 SEL 教学的一部分。迭代混合方法包括理论基础、文献回顾、内容专家评估、焦点小组、认知访谈和多次调查。利用从五年级到八年级教师(人数范围=240-260;白人=67-89%;黑人=3-7%;拉丁裔=5-23%)的三个独立样本的数据,进行了探索性和确认性因素分析。在兰德美国教育小组(RAND American Education Panels)的第四个全国样本中评估了重测可靠性(N = 482;黑人/非裔美国人 = 19.9%;拉丁裔/西班牙裔 = 16.2%;亚裔/美籍亚裔 = 2.7%;美国印第安人/原住民 = 1.9%;白人 = 66.0%;中东/北非 = 0.6%;其他 = 2.7%)。结果表明:(1) 41 个项目的种族平等导向社会情感学习(REQSEL)测量指标具有很强的内部一致性;(2) REQSEL 分数与教师在种族、民族、文化和社会公正方面的信念和行为的多个相关测量指标相关;(3) REQSEL 分数与教师自身的民族-种族认同信念相关。
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引用次数: 0
Within-Year Teacher Turnover in Head Start and Children’s School Readiness 启蒙教育中教师的年内翻转与儿童的入学准备情况
IF 2.8 3区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1177/23328584241245094
Anna J. Markowitz
Teachers in early childhood education (ECE) settings are central to providing children with high-quality experiences that promote both early development and long-term well-being; unfortunately, rates of teacher turnover are high in ECE settings. There are strong theoretical reasons to assume turnover is negatively linked with children’s academic and socioemotional development, but few empirical studies test this hypothesis. Using an econometric fixed effects approach in two waves of data from the nationally representative Head Start Family and Child Experiences Survey, this study provides the first national estimate of the relationship between within-year lead teacher turnover and children’s development in Head Start. I find an annual within-year turnover rate of ~9%, about twice that of K–12, and that turnover is negatively associated with children’s language outcomes alongside suggestive evidence for behavioral outcomes.
幼儿教育(ECE)机构中的教师是为儿童提供高质量经验的核心,这些经验既能促进儿童的早期发展,又能促进其长期幸福;遗憾的是,幼儿教育机构中的教师流失率很高。理论上有充分的理由假设教师流动与儿童的学业和社会情感发展呈负相关,但很少有实证研究对这一假设进行检验。本研究利用具有全国代表性的 "启蒙家庭和儿童经历调查 "中的两波数据,采用计量经济学固定效应方法,首次在全国范围内估算了启蒙教育中年内带队教师流动与儿童发展之间的关系。我发现,每年的年内流动率约为 9%,约为幼儿园至 12 年级的两倍,而且流动与儿童的语言成果呈负相关,同时也为行为成果提供了暗示性证据。
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引用次数: 0
Racialized Patterns in the Distribution of Congressional Pork: Implications for Postsecondary Equity and Organizational Transformation 国会猪肉分配中的种族模式:对中学后教育公平和组织变革的影响
IF 2.8 3区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2024-05-04 DOI: 10.1177/23328584241245973
Heather McCambly, Stephanie Aguilar-Smith
Troubled by the inequities in competitive grantmaking, we use critical quantitative methods to analyze the FY2023 federal academic earmarks as a potential mechanism for racialized change work. Specifically, we ask: To what extent does Congress distribute academic earmarks in ways that reinforce or weaken the racialized stratification of resources across organizations in the field? Accordingly, we identify distribution patterns of academic earmarks, considering the allocation of dollars and types of earmarks (i.e., general capacity-building versus specialized grants) across colleges and universities, between White-serving institutions and minority-serving institutions (MSIs), and among MSIs. Based on our analysis, Congress favored a racially reproductive funding portfolio, driven by smaller and more restrictive allocations, not fewer earmarks. However, the distribution of earmarks among MSIs defied normed expectations, as Congress did not privilege whiter, more prestigious MSIs, signaling the potential of pork-barrel politics for racially reparative work.
我们对竞争性拨款中的不平等现象感到不安,因此我们使用关键的定量方法来分析 2023 财年联邦学术专项拨款,将其作为种族化变革工作的潜在机制。具体来说,我们要问:国会分配学术专项资金的方式在多大程度上加强或削弱了该领域各组织资源的种族分层?因此,我们确定了学术专项资金的分配模式,考虑了资金的分配和专项资金的类型(即一般能力建设与专项拨款)在高校之间、在为白人服务的机构与为少数族裔服务的机构(MSIs)之间以及在MSIs之间的分配情况。根据我们的分析,国会倾向于种族繁殖的资金组合,其驱动力是更小和更严格的拨款,而不是更少的专项拨款。然而,指定用途资金在少数族裔服务机构中的分配违背了常规预期,因为国会并没有偏向于白人较多、声望较高的少数族裔服务机构,这表明猪肉桶政治在种族补偿工作中的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Equity Intersections: Teachers’ Experiences with Student Wellness Support During the COVID-19 Pandemic 公平交叉:教师在 COVID-19 大流行期间为学生提供健康支持的经历
IF 2.8 3区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1177/23328584241245385
Kate L. Phillippo, Elizabeth Levine Brown, Linda Galib, Ken A. Fujimoto, Aidyn L. Iachini, Naomi Brown, Crystal Lennix, Audra Parker, Tasha M. Childs
Teachers often address student wellness concerns such as health and mental health. Yet, this work goes largely unacknowledged and unsupported by professional preparation. COVID-19 intensified these concerns amid disrupted systems of student support and increased student distress. Our national survey (N = 1398) pursued the powerful opportunity present during the pandemic to understand the extent and distribution of demands on teachers to address student wellness and the support they receive for such work. We found that the demand for teachers’ wellness work was inequitably distributed across teachers, varying largely by their schools’ sociodemographic characteristics. Additionally, access to support for this work did not align with demand levels. We discuss these findings’ implications for teacher preparation, support, and workload equity.
教师经常要解决学生的健康和心理健康等问题。然而,这项工作在很大程度上没有得到认可,也没有得到专业准备的支持。在学生支持系统遭到破坏、学生困扰加剧的情况下,COVID-19 加剧了这些问题。我们的全国性调查(N = 1398)利用大流行病期间的有利时机,了解了对教师处理学生健康问题的需求程度和分布情况,以及他们在这项工作中获得的支持。我们发现,对教师健康工作的需求在教师中的分布并不公平,主要因其所在学校的社会人口特征而异。此外,这项工作所获得的支持与需求水平并不一致。我们讨论了这些发现对教师准备、支持和工作量公平的影响。
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引用次数: 0
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