Pub Date : 2014-03-31DOI: 10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ130000524
Shoichiro Takehara, Y. Suda, Daisuke Yamaguchi
Recently, the demand for improvement of passenger comfort in automobiles has increased. An automobile does not have a large amount of volume to physical space, and space planning of the seat arrangement greatly influences passenger comfort. The seat arrangement changes the visual environment of the passenger. Previously, the authors proposed a technique to evaluate comfort through the seat arrangement by using the passenger’s space and vision. In this evaluation technique, vision is recognized as volume. A useful seat arrangement with a rotated seat utilizes the effect of vision for improving passenger comfort. In this paper, a sensory evaluation and a biomedical measurement are performed. Therefore, the effectiveness of a seat arrangement with rotated seats is shown to improve passenger comfort.
{"title":"Study of Rotating Seat that Improves Vision of the Interior of an Automobile","authors":"Shoichiro Takehara, Y. Suda, Daisuke Yamaguchi","doi":"10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ130000524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ130000524","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the demand for improvement of passenger comfort in automobiles has increased. An automobile does not have a large amount of volume to physical space, and space planning of the seat arrangement greatly influences passenger comfort. The seat arrangement changes the visual environment of the passenger. Previously, the authors proposed a technique to evaluate comfort through the seat arrangement by using the passenger’s space and vision. In this evaluation technique, vision is recognized as volume. A useful seat arrangement with a rotated seat utilizes the effect of vision for improving passenger comfort. In this paper, a sensory evaluation and a biomedical measurement are performed. Therefore, the effectiveness of a seat arrangement with rotated seats is shown to improve passenger comfort.","PeriodicalId":311488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Light & Visual Environment","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133520610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-31DOI: 10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ130000522
Y. Akashi, S. Kanaya, Chieko Ishikura
Commission Intemationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) published CIE 191: Recommended System for Mesopic Photometry Based on Visual Performance was published in 2010. However, it is still necessary to identify appropriate applications and make guidelines for the new mesopic photometry system. To this end, we dealt with interference between the foveal task and the peripheral task that often exists in the real driving context. Such interference often appears to exaggerate the effectiveness of short-wavelength radiation on peripheral visual performance at mesopic light levels. To address a question of how the foveal vision affects the peripheral vision for different spectral power distributions, but for the same mesopic luminance, we conducted a controlled laboratory experiment and two supplemental laboratory experiments. In these experiments, we asked subjects to perform a foveal tracking task and a peripheral target-detection task, simulating nighttime multi-tasking driving activities in mesopic light levels. Based on the results of the experiments we confirmed the Purkinje phenomena. We also found interference between the foveal task and the peripheral task (especially when the foveal task was difficult). Such interference not only impairs the foveal task performance but also reduces the peripheral responses significantly, and potentially makes the Purkinje phenomena appear to be exaggerated. This confirmed the importance of using light sources with more short-wavelength radiation for better peripheral visibility in nighttime roadway lighting applications. Such interference also suggests that the use of a simple easy task may help eliminate any effect of interference on databases to establish a unified mesopic photometry system.
{"title":"Interference between Foveal and Peripheral Visual Tasks, Potentially Affecting Mesopic Photometry","authors":"Y. Akashi, S. Kanaya, Chieko Ishikura","doi":"10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ130000522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ130000522","url":null,"abstract":"Commission Intemationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) published CIE 191: Recommended System for Mesopic Photometry Based on Visual Performance was published in 2010. However, it is still necessary to identify appropriate applications and make guidelines for the new mesopic photometry system. To this end, we dealt with interference between the foveal task and the peripheral task that often exists in the real driving context. Such interference often appears to exaggerate the effectiveness of short-wavelength radiation on peripheral visual performance at mesopic light levels. To address a question of how the foveal vision affects the peripheral vision for different spectral power distributions, but for the same mesopic luminance, we conducted a controlled laboratory experiment and two supplemental laboratory experiments. In these experiments, we asked subjects to perform a foveal tracking task and a peripheral target-detection task, simulating nighttime multi-tasking driving activities in mesopic light levels. Based on the results of the experiments we confirmed the Purkinje phenomena. We also found interference between the foveal task and the peripheral task (especially when the foveal task was difficult). Such interference not only impairs the foveal task performance but also reduces the peripheral responses significantly, and potentially makes the Purkinje phenomena appear to be exaggerated. This confirmed the importance of using light sources with more short-wavelength radiation for better peripheral visibility in nighttime roadway lighting applications. Such interference also suggests that the use of a simple easy task may help eliminate any effect of interference on databases to establish a unified mesopic photometry system.","PeriodicalId":311488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Light & Visual Environment","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122211774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ130000501
Jean Paul Freyssinier, M. Rea
Solid state lighting has reignited interest among lighting specialists and manufacturers in the color qualities of illumination used in architectural applications. This renewed interest has highlighted the known problems with the two currently accepted metrics used by the lighting industry to communicate the color qualities of sources of illumination, correlated color temperature (CCT) and color rendering index (CRI). These two metrics are poor predictors of viewer responses to the color characteristics of illumination and both metrics are poorly understood among consumers. The proposed “Class A color” designation serves two important purposes for helping to move the consumer market toward a broader acceptance of solid state lighting. First, the “Class A color” designation reflects bundled metrics shown to be predictive of user acceptance of color attributes from sources of illumination and, second, the designation can be readily understood by consumers as denoting light sources of high color quality.
{"title":"Class A Color Designation for Light Sources Used in General Illumination","authors":"Jean Paul Freyssinier, M. Rea","doi":"10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ130000501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ130000501","url":null,"abstract":"Solid state lighting has reignited interest among lighting specialists and manufacturers in the color qualities of illumination used in architectural applications. This renewed interest has highlighted the known problems with the two currently accepted metrics used by the lighting industry to communicate the color qualities of sources of illumination, correlated color temperature (CCT) and color rendering index (CRI). These two metrics are poor predictors of viewer responses to the color characteristics of illumination and both metrics are poorly understood among consumers. The proposed “Class A color” designation serves two important purposes for helping to move the consumer market toward a broader acceptance of solid state lighting. First, the “Class A color” designation reflects bundled metrics shown to be predictive of user acceptance of color attributes from sources of illumination and, second, the designation can be readily understood by consumers as denoting light sources of high color quality.","PeriodicalId":311488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Light & Visual Environment","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115623067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ130000503
M. Figueiro
Circadian rhythms are seen at every level of biology, from single cells to complex behaviors. The timing of every biological function in mammals is governed by the master clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), which has an intrinsic period of slightly longer than 24 hours. The light/dark pattern incident on the retina synchronizes the SCN to the 24-hour local time, coordinating and enabling diverse biological functions to occur at the correct time of day and night for optimum species survival. Without exposure to a regular, daily pattern of light and dark, circadian rhythms become disrupted. A wide range of modern maladies, from sleep disorders to cancer, has been linked to light-induced circadian disruption. Light has, however, been defined only in terms of the human visual system, not the circadian system. Light source and systems development should consider the needs of both the visual and non-visual systems. Discussed are the lighting characteristics impacting these two systems and the implications for designing light for various healthcare and medical applications.
{"title":"An Overview of the Effects of Light on Human Circadian Rhythms: Implications for New Light Sources and Lighting Systems Design","authors":"M. Figueiro","doi":"10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ130000503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ130000503","url":null,"abstract":"Circadian rhythms are seen at every level of biology, from single cells to complex behaviors. The timing of every biological function in mammals is governed by the master clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), which has an intrinsic period of slightly longer than 24 hours. The light/dark pattern incident on the retina synchronizes the SCN to the 24-hour local time, coordinating and enabling diverse biological functions to occur at the correct time of day and night for optimum species survival. Without exposure to a regular, daily pattern of light and dark, circadian rhythms become disrupted. A wide range of modern maladies, from sleep disorders to cancer, has been linked to light-induced circadian disruption. Light has, however, been defined only in terms of the human visual system, not the circadian system. Light source and systems development should consider the needs of both the visual and non-visual systems. Discussed are the lighting characteristics impacting these two systems and the implications for designing light for various healthcare and medical applications.","PeriodicalId":311488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Light & Visual Environment","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114340829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ130000498
M. Rea
Lighting is installed for the benefits of seeing. Lighting manufacturers and regulators primarily focus on two formal metrics for providing these benefits, the lumen and color rendering index (CRI). These two metrics represent only a small fraction of the benefits that actually can be provided by lighting. Because many of the benefits provided by lighting remain unmeasured, current lighting practice wastes capital and operational expenses as well as our natural resources. By accepting and promulgating new benefit metrics, lighting will become less wasteful and thereby more valuable.
{"title":"New Benefit Metrics for More Valuable Lighting","authors":"M. Rea","doi":"10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ130000498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ130000498","url":null,"abstract":"Lighting is installed for the benefits of seeing. Lighting manufacturers and regulators primarily focus on two formal metrics for providing these benefits, the lumen and color rendering index (CRI). These two metrics represent only a small fraction of the benefits that actually can be provided by lighting. Because many of the benefits provided by lighting remain unmeasured, current lighting practice wastes capital and operational expenses as well as our natural resources. By accepting and promulgating new benefit metrics, lighting will become less wasteful and thereby more valuable.","PeriodicalId":311488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Light & Visual Environment","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123736329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ120000491
Shigeo Kobayashi, K. Murakawa
This research attempted to create a lighting environment of a street by residents and carried out two experiments. The first experiment was to run a workshop in which children from the neighborhood added illuminations to a 1/25 model of the street. As a result, lights were installed taking account of the types and characteristics of the buildings and the street, and an original lighting environment that the existing concept did not have was created. The next experiment involved holding an event in which handmade lights were placed on the actual street. Using LED lamps with switches, children and adults from the neighborhood made lighting products, attached magnets to them, and stuck them on shutters, guardrails, signboards, vending machines, etc. The individual landscape was produced by residents. The psychological effect and social value to the area were confirmed through the interviews.
{"title":"The Experiments Giving Illuminations to the Street by Residents Participation","authors":"Shigeo Kobayashi, K. Murakawa","doi":"10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ120000491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ120000491","url":null,"abstract":"This research attempted to create a lighting environment of a street by residents and carried out two experiments. The first experiment was to run a workshop in which children from the neighborhood added illuminations to a 1/25 model of the street. As a result, lights were installed taking account of the types and characteristics of the buildings and the street, and an original lighting environment that the existing concept did not have was created. The next experiment involved holding an event in which handmade lights were placed on the actual street. Using LED lamps with switches, children and adults from the neighborhood made lighting products, attached magnets to them, and stuck them on shutters, guardrails, signboards, vending machines, etc. The individual landscape was produced by residents. The psychological effect and social value to the area were confirmed through the interviews.","PeriodicalId":311488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Light & Visual Environment","volume":"84 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130713877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ13A000204
A. Sudo
{"title":"Upon Assuming the Presidency of the Illuminating Engineering Institute of Japan","authors":"A. Sudo","doi":"10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ13A000204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ13A000204","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":311488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Light & Visual Environment","volume":"365 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132875031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ130000502
A. Mikami
The light extraction of OLED has been successfully enhanced by the combination of multi-cathode structure and high refractive index intermediate layer, which are introduced to control the surface plasmon coupling in the metal cathode and the distribution of optical energy in OLED, respectively. From the multi scale optical analysis, it was found that an approximately 70% of electromagnetic energy in the dipole emission was effectively converted to the glass and air modes. The phosphorescent green light emitting device exhibits higher light extraction by a factor of 1.6–1.7.
{"title":"Optical Design of Enhanced Light Extraction Efficiency in Organic Light Emitting Device with an Optically Controlled Surface Plasmon Coupling","authors":"A. Mikami","doi":"10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ130000502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ130000502","url":null,"abstract":"The light extraction of OLED has been successfully enhanced by the combination of multi-cathode structure and high refractive index intermediate layer, which are introduced to control the surface plasmon coupling in the metal cathode and the distribution of optical energy in OLED, respectively. From the multi scale optical analysis, it was found that an approximately 70% of electromagnetic energy in the dipole emission was effectively converted to the glass and air modes. The phosphorescent green light emitting device exhibits higher light extraction by a factor of 1.6–1.7.","PeriodicalId":311488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Light & Visual Environment","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116102159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ130000505
Z. Somogyvári, Peter Almosdi
Steady-state glow discharge operation has been studied on model fluorescent lamps equipped with bare tungsten electrode filaments. Energy transfer mechanisms were measured by electrode temperatures as a function of electric driving parameters and fill gas pressure. The measurements were evaluated and discussed by application of plasma models of the cathode dark space region.
{"title":"Study of the Glow Discharge Mode in High-frequency Instant-start Fluorescent Lamps","authors":"Z. Somogyvári, Peter Almosdi","doi":"10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ130000505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ130000505","url":null,"abstract":"Steady-state glow discharge operation has been studied on model fluorescent lamps equipped with bare tungsten electrode filaments. Energy transfer mechanisms were measured by electrode temperatures as a function of electric driving parameters and fill gas pressure. The measurements were evaluated and discussed by application of plasma models of the cathode dark space region.","PeriodicalId":311488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Light & Visual Environment","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122036402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ130000507
S. A. Mucklejohn
{"title":"Molecular Constants and Standard Enthalpies of Formation for the Lanthanide Monohalide Gaseous Cations, LnX+ , X=F, Cl, Br, I","authors":"S. A. Mucklejohn","doi":"10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ130000507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ130000507","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":311488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Light & Visual Environment","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125854731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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