Pub Date : 2013-03-31DOI: 10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ130000518
Steffen Franke, Anika Brüning, F. Hölker, W. Kloas
Nocturnal outdoor illumination is mainly designed aiming at human needs. However, side effects on other organisms and ecosystems have to be expected, for example for fish populations. Basic knowledge about biological action of light on fish could be gained from laboratory experiments. This work presents an experimental strategy to study the biological action of light on fish. It is found that the melatonin expression of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) is significantly suppressed at an illuminance level of 100 lx throughout the night. The experimental approach is described in detail including biological methods, experimental illumination design and mathematical modeling for reconstruction of melatonin release rates from water melatonin concentrations.
{"title":"Study of Biological Action of Light on Fish","authors":"Steffen Franke, Anika Brüning, F. Hölker, W. Kloas","doi":"10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ130000518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ130000518","url":null,"abstract":"Nocturnal outdoor illumination is mainly designed aiming at human needs. However, side effects on other organisms and ecosystems have to be expected, for example for fish populations. Basic knowledge about biological action of light on fish could be gained from laboratory experiments. This work presents an experimental strategy to study the biological action of light on fish. It is found that the melatonin expression of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) is significantly suppressed at an illuminance level of 100 lx throughout the night. The experimental approach is described in detail including biological methods, experimental illumination design and mathematical modeling for reconstruction of melatonin release rates from water melatonin concentrations.","PeriodicalId":311488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Light & Visual Environment","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114262037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ120000484
T. Iwata
Not only illuminance but also color of light, color of interior surfaces and luminance distribution contribute to the visual environment which affects our mood as well as perception of brightness. In order to identify the effects of light color, surface color and luminance distribution on perceptions of brightness and atmosphere in living rooms, a subjective experiment using a scale model was carried out. The relationship between Bright–Dark sensation and NB value showed that average NB value in the space could not predict Bright–Dark sensation. A further study on the effects of the color of light and the color of the wall on Bright–Dark sensation is necessary. The CCT of the lamps had effects on “Natural–Unnatural”, “Relaxing–Tense”, “Comfortable–Uncomfortable” as well as “Warm–Cool”. The 5200 K lamp gave a more comfortable and relaxing effects to the subjects than the 2800 K lamp.
{"title":"Effects of Light Color, Surface Color and Luminance Distribution on Perception of Brightness and Atmosphere in Living Rooms","authors":"T. Iwata","doi":"10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ120000484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ120000484","url":null,"abstract":"Not only illuminance but also color of light, color of interior surfaces and luminance distribution contribute to the visual environment which affects our mood as well as perception of brightness. In order to identify the effects of light color, surface color and luminance distribution on perceptions of brightness and atmosphere in living rooms, a subjective experiment using a scale model was carried out. The relationship between Bright–Dark sensation and NB value showed that average NB value in the space could not predict Bright–Dark sensation. A further study on the effects of the color of light and the color of the wall on Bright–Dark sensation is necessary. The CCT of the lamps had effects on “Natural–Unnatural”, “Relaxing–Tense”, “Comfortable–Uncomfortable” as well as “Warm–Cool”. The 5200 K lamp gave a more comfortable and relaxing effects to the subjects than the 2800 K lamp.","PeriodicalId":311488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Light & Visual Environment","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128945273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ120000483
S. Tamura, T. Hiraga, Hideo Sugimoto
A portable-sized full-color LED illumination panel and a Palm-sized Controller were developed. In addition to 3 primary color (red, green, and blue) LED, white LED was used in order to achieve high illuminance in the white illumination region and to facilitate realization of pastel colors. A mobile computer was used as the controller. Adjustment of illuminance is performed through the duty ratio control device connected to the computer. By using this controller system, 4 types of LED could be controlled according the input 3 information (Chromaticity Coordinates and light intensity) by a real-time calculation. Up to 255 illumination panels can be connected. This system allows individual control of a maximum of 255 illumination panels, or control of all illumination panels using the same illumination conditions. By using this system, 9 types of illumination colors were selected and some characteristics were measured. For every illumination, the chromaticity coordinates hardly changed above the duty ratio above 30%.
{"title":"Prototype Portable Full-color LED Illumination Panel and Palm-sized Controller","authors":"S. Tamura, T. Hiraga, Hideo Sugimoto","doi":"10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ120000483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ120000483","url":null,"abstract":"A portable-sized full-color LED illumination panel and a Palm-sized Controller were developed. In addition to 3 primary color (red, green, and blue) LED, white LED was used in order to achieve high illuminance in the white illumination region and to facilitate realization of pastel colors. A mobile computer was used as the controller. Adjustment of illuminance is performed through the duty ratio control device connected to the computer. By using this controller system, 4 types of LED could be controlled according the input 3 information (Chromaticity Coordinates and light intensity) by a real-time calculation. Up to 255 illumination panels can be connected. This system allows individual control of a maximum of 255 illumination panels, or control of all illumination panels using the same illumination conditions. By using this system, 9 types of illumination colors were selected and some characteristics were measured. For every illumination, the chromaticity coordinates hardly changed above the duty ratio above 30%.","PeriodicalId":311488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Light & Visual Environment","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126460956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ120000477
S. Kitsinelis
Looking at the photos of cities at night taken by NOAA’s DMSP satellite, one can only be overwhelmed by the accidental beauty of the lit urban areas that signify the human presence and progress1). Indeed in the eyes of an observer in space, the light from cities at night is the only evidence of our existence and the lighting technologies are the only visible human products. A global picture of these lights, as composed by the satellite reveals the most developed places on the planet in terms of economic and industrial activity. It is also true that light reaching the skies signifies waste and a kind of pollution that affects the lives of all living things so the pressure is on by various groups to minimise this waste for both economic and environmental reasons. Perhaps in future decades this will be achieved and light will be directed towards our activities and living spaces but not upwards. But what another fascinating thought is triggered by this about the time we live in. A couple of hundred years ago and a couple of hundred years from now the planet did not and will not look like that at night. However this image that most people are familiar with is panchromatic so individual colours (and lighting technologies) cannot be distinguished. Now, thanks to photographs taken by the astronauts of the International Space Station2)3) over the past decade we can see the lit cities at night in colour. The colour they emit is due to the dominant lighting technology that is employed by the city for outdoor lighting. The technologies have certainly changed over time. From burning oil and gases we moved to the incandescent lamp when electricity penetrated our lives. The next technology that was adopted for outdoor lighting was the one based on mercury (low pressure fluorescent in the 30 s and high pressure in the 50 s). But the light sources that dominated outdoor lighting due to their record high efficacy values were the sodium vapour discharge lamps. The low pressure version reaches 200 lm/W as its monochromatic yellow emission at 589 nm is near the peak of the human eye photopic sensitivity curve4)5) and high pressure versions can reach more than a 100 lm/W. On the other hand most mercury vapour lamps reach values well below 100 lm/W. A look at all these photos2)3) from space verifies the known fact that sodium is the undisputed king of outdoor lighting and that the light source technologies based on this element dominate the adorned face of the
{"title":"The Past, Current and Future Colour of Outdoor Lighting of Japan-Standing out from the Rest of the World","authors":"S. Kitsinelis","doi":"10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ120000477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ120000477","url":null,"abstract":"Looking at the photos of cities at night taken by NOAA’s DMSP satellite, one can only be overwhelmed by the accidental beauty of the lit urban areas that signify the human presence and progress1). Indeed in the eyes of an observer in space, the light from cities at night is the only evidence of our existence and the lighting technologies are the only visible human products. A global picture of these lights, as composed by the satellite reveals the most developed places on the planet in terms of economic and industrial activity. It is also true that light reaching the skies signifies waste and a kind of pollution that affects the lives of all living things so the pressure is on by various groups to minimise this waste for both economic and environmental reasons. Perhaps in future decades this will be achieved and light will be directed towards our activities and living spaces but not upwards. But what another fascinating thought is triggered by this about the time we live in. A couple of hundred years ago and a couple of hundred years from now the planet did not and will not look like that at night. However this image that most people are familiar with is panchromatic so individual colours (and lighting technologies) cannot be distinguished. Now, thanks to photographs taken by the astronauts of the International Space Station2)3) over the past decade we can see the lit cities at night in colour. The colour they emit is due to the dominant lighting technology that is employed by the city for outdoor lighting. The technologies have certainly changed over time. From burning oil and gases we moved to the incandescent lamp when electricity penetrated our lives. The next technology that was adopted for outdoor lighting was the one based on mercury (low pressure fluorescent in the 30 s and high pressure in the 50 s). But the light sources that dominated outdoor lighting due to their record high efficacy values were the sodium vapour discharge lamps. The low pressure version reaches 200 lm/W as its monochromatic yellow emission at 589 nm is near the peak of the human eye photopic sensitivity curve4)5) and high pressure versions can reach more than a 100 lm/W. On the other hand most mercury vapour lamps reach values well below 100 lm/W. A look at all these photos2)3) from space verifies the known fact that sodium is the undisputed king of outdoor lighting and that the light source technologies based on this element dominate the adorned face of the","PeriodicalId":311488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Light & Visual Environment","volume":"200 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123017108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ120000482
T. Jishi, K. Fujiwara, Kyohei Nishino, A. Yano
The CO2 uptake rate (CUR) of the aerial part of cos lettuce (Lactuca sativa) was measured in pulsed and continuous light at an average photosynthetic (wavelength range: 400–700 nm) photon flux density (PPFD) of 100 μmol m-2 s-1 from white light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Three duty ratios of 25, 50, and 75%, combined variously with eight frequencies of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 6.4, and 12.8 kHz were used for pulsed light irradiation. The CURs were significantly lower at a duty ratio of 50% for frequencies of 0.1–0.8 kHz and at a duty ratio of 25% for all frequencies than those in continuous light although the average PPFD was unchanged. These results indicate that pulsed light at lower duty ratios, combined with lower frequencies, makes CUR of cos lettuce lower than that attained in continuous light. We infer, based on a PPFD-CUR curve obtained with cos lettuce plant used in the experiment, that when greater PPFD is provided, pulsed light at lower duty ratios with lower frequencies is less advantageous than continuous light for photosynthesis.
{"title":"Pulsed Light at Lower Duty Ratios with Lower Frequencies is Less Advantageous than Continuous Light for CO2 Uptake in Cos Lettuce","authors":"T. Jishi, K. Fujiwara, Kyohei Nishino, A. Yano","doi":"10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ120000482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ120000482","url":null,"abstract":"The CO2 uptake rate (CUR) of the aerial part of cos lettuce (Lactuca sativa) was measured in pulsed and continuous light at an average photosynthetic (wavelength range: 400–700 nm) photon flux density (PPFD) of 100 μmol m-2 s-1 from white light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Three duty ratios of 25, 50, and 75%, combined variously with eight frequencies of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 6.4, and 12.8 kHz were used for pulsed light irradiation. The CURs were significantly lower at a duty ratio of 50% for frequencies of 0.1–0.8 kHz and at a duty ratio of 25% for all frequencies than those in continuous light although the average PPFD was unchanged. These results indicate that pulsed light at lower duty ratios, combined with lower frequencies, makes CUR of cos lettuce lower than that attained in continuous light. We infer, based on a PPFD-CUR curve obtained with cos lettuce plant used in the experiment, that when greater PPFD is provided, pulsed light at lower duty ratios with lower frequencies is less advantageous than continuous light for photosynthesis.","PeriodicalId":311488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Light & Visual Environment","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121131431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ12A000306
Katsumi Sato
{"title":"LED Penetration into the Global Lighting Market and the Impact on IEIJ Activities","authors":"Katsumi Sato","doi":"10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ12A000306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ12A000306","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":311488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Light & Visual Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133735197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ12A000305
H. Tabata
{"title":"Lighting of Hiroshima Bus Center","authors":"H. Tabata","doi":"10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ12A000305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2150/JLVE.IEIJ12A000305","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":311488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Light & Visual Environment","volume":" 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113948581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Minato, Jiayu Liu, Fuhui Guo, Masanori Itaba, S. Ozawa
We are developing sound communication system. Modulated LED light is transformed to electromagnetic wave and received by AM radio. Our previous modulation technique has small peaks at AM frequency region. The small peaks cause trouble when multiple sound sources are used with different AM frequencies. We propose new modulation techniques having no small peaks. Power spectrum and sound quality are compared between our modulation techniques.
{"title":"Sound Communication System of LED Using Maximum Length Sequence","authors":"A. Minato, Jiayu Liu, Fuhui Guo, Masanori Itaba, S. Ozawa","doi":"10.2150/JLVE.36.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2150/JLVE.36.54","url":null,"abstract":"We are developing sound communication system. Modulated LED light is transformed to electromagnetic wave and received by AM radio. Our previous modulation technique has small peaks at AM frequency region. The small peaks cause trouble when multiple sound sources are used with different AM frequencies. We propose new modulation techniques having no small peaks. Power spectrum and sound quality are compared between our modulation techniques.","PeriodicalId":311488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Light & Visual Environment","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132315134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of Glare from Color LEDs for Young and Elderly","authors":"T. Kimura-Minoda, M. Ayama","doi":"10.2150/JLVE.36.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2150/JLVE.36.59","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":311488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Light & Visual Environment","volume":"176 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127023169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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