Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.36
Fritz Breithaupt, Kevin M. Gardner, J. Kruschke, Torrin M. Liddell, S. Zorowitz
How do narratives influence moral decision-making? Our ongoing studies use serial reproduction of narratives, that is multiple retellings as in the telephone game, of morally ambiguous situations. In particular, we tested stories that include a minor misdemeanor, but leave open whether the wrongdoer will be punished by a bystander. It turns out that serial reproduction (retelling) of stories tends to eliminate the possibility of intervention by the bystander under certain conditions. We reason that this effect can be explained either by preferences of the readers or by the reader's discomfort to get involved. A second finding is that retellings of third-person narratives of moral situations lead to a higher degree of change and invention of the outcome than first-person narratives.
{"title":"The Disappearance of Moral Choice in Serially Reproduced Narratives","authors":"Fritz Breithaupt, Kevin M. Gardner, J. Kruschke, Torrin M. Liddell, S. Zorowitz","doi":"10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.36","url":null,"abstract":"How do narratives influence moral decision-making? Our ongoing studies \u0000use serial reproduction of narratives, that is multiple retellings as \u0000in the telephone game, of morally ambiguous situations. In particular, \u0000we tested stories that include a minor misdemeanor, but leave open \u0000whether the wrongdoer will be punished by a bystander. It turns out \u0000that serial reproduction (retelling) of stories tends to eliminate the \u0000possibility of intervention by the bystander under certain conditions. \u0000We reason that this effect can be explained either by preferences of \u0000the readers or by the reader's discomfort to get involved. A second \u0000finding is that retellings of third-person narratives of moral \u0000situations lead to a higher degree of change and invention of the \u0000outcome than first-person narratives.","PeriodicalId":311534,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131769111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.257
N. Szilas, Urs Richle
One of the approaches to generate narrative consists in modeling narrative in terms of a deep structure, as introduced by narrative theories in the middle of the 20th century. This papers revisits this computational approach, and raises the central issue of dramatic tension: Would it be possible to build a computational model of dramatic tension, where tension could be managed according to the well known ascending/descending dramatic curve? The paper describes a new computational model of narrative, based on a set of structural narrative elements (goals, tasks, obstacles, side-effects), a hierarchical and modular approach, a paradox-based model of dramatic tension and a solution for managing endings. The papers illustrates this theoretical model with a full example.
{"title":"Towards a Computational Model of Dramatic Tension","authors":"N. Szilas, Urs Richle","doi":"10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.257","url":null,"abstract":"One of the approaches to generate narrative consists in modeling narrative in terms of a deep structure, as introduced by narrative theories in the middle of the 20th century. \u0000 \u0000This papers revisits this computational approach, and raises the central issue of dramatic tension: Would it be possible to build a computational model of dramatic tension, where tension could be managed according to the well known ascending/descending dramatic curve? \u0000 \u0000The paper describes a new computational model of narrative, based on a set of structural narrative elements (goals, tasks, obstacles, side-effects), a hierarchical and modular approach, a paradox-based model of dramatic tension and a solution for managing endings. \u0000 \u0000The papers illustrates this theoretical model with a full example.","PeriodicalId":311534,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121654338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2015.1
J. Murray
Since narrative is a foundational framework for the on-going co-evolution of human cognition and culture, the advent of computation as a new medium for representing narratives offers the promise of ratcheting up human understanding and expressive power, just as previous media of representation like language and writing have done. But digital representation often produces artifacts that are story-like but not really stories, leaving open the question of how we can make use of computational models of narrative to expand our capacity for shared meaning-making. I will address this problem by looking at the complementary strengths and weaknesses of simulation making, game design, and storytelling as cultural abstraction systems, and suggest some directions for incorporating richer story structures into research on computational narratives.
{"title":"Tell Me a Story: Toward More Expressive and Coherent Computational Narratives (Invited Talk)","authors":"J. Murray","doi":"10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2015.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2015.1","url":null,"abstract":"Since narrative is a foundational framework for the on-going co-evolution of human cognition and culture, the advent of computation as a new medium for representing narratives offers the promise of ratcheting up human understanding and expressive power, just as previous media of representation like language and writing have done. But digital representation often produces artifacts that are story-like but not really stories, leaving open the question of how we can make use of computational models of narrative to expand our capacity for shared meaning-making. I will address this problem by looking at the complementary strengths and weaknesses of simulation making, game design, and storytelling as cultural abstraction systems, and suggest some directions for incorporating richer story structures into research on computational narratives.","PeriodicalId":311534,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116915667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2014.9
Bernhard Fisseni, B. Löwe
We present a survey of the results and findings of the research project "What makes stories similar?" funded by the John Templeton Foundation from October 2011 to May 2014.
{"title":"What Makes Stories Similar? Report on a Research Project, 2011-2014 (Invited Report)","authors":"Bernhard Fisseni, B. Löwe","doi":"10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2014.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2014.9","url":null,"abstract":"We present a survey of the results and findings of the research project \"What makes stories similar?\" funded by the John Templeton Foundation from October 2011 to May 2014.","PeriodicalId":311534,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126767869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.3
I. Mani
The plot of a narrative addresses what happened, and why. While a number of interesting theories of plot have been explored, it has proved hard in narrative interpretation to automatically compute a representation of the plot. This talk describes how to build a representation of what happened by summarizing temporal chains of events that involve a particular protagonist. These chains, which are based on the work of Chambers, can be summarized by various methods, including pruning subgraphs in the representation. Linguistic challenges include habitual expressions and non-literal language. The talk concludes with suggestions for how to layer causal information on top of the representation of what happened.
{"title":"Plots as Summaries of Event Chains (Invited Talk)","authors":"I. Mani","doi":"10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.3","url":null,"abstract":"The plot of a narrative addresses what happened, and why. While a number of interesting theories of plot have been explored, it has proved hard in narrative interpretation to automatically compute a representation of the plot. This talk describes how to build a representation of what happened by summarizing temporal chains of events that involve a particular protagonist. These chains, which are based on the work of Chambers, can be summarized by various methods, including pruning subgraphs in the representation. Linguistic challenges include habitual expressions and non-literal language. The talk concludes with suggestions for how to layer causal information on top of the representation of what happened.","PeriodicalId":311534,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122044127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2014.1
Jeffrey M. Zacks
In the spirit of the neuroscience theme of this year's meeting, I will describe a set of cognitive and neurophysiological phenomena that are important for the processing of narrative text at the discourse level. Text processing depends on sequential structure in language and also in the events that language describes. Semantic representations of events capture perceptual and motor properties of described situations, leveraging previous lived experience. Although a large number of neural systems are involved in processing narrative text, a constrained subset of systems are selectively engaged by discourse-level processing. To bring these phenomena together, I will present a simple neurally-inspired computational model of visual event processing that may provide a helpful analogy for some features of language processing.
{"title":"Toward Neurally-Inspired Computational Models of Narrative (Invited Talk)","authors":"Jeffrey M. Zacks","doi":"10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2014.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2014.1","url":null,"abstract":"In the spirit of the neuroscience theme of this year's meeting, I will describe a set of cognitive and neurophysiological phenomena that are important for the processing of narrative text at the discourse level. Text processing depends on sequential structure in language and also in the events that language describes. Semantic representations of events capture perceptual and motor properties of described situations, leveraging previous lived experience. Although a large number of neural systems are involved in processing narrative text, a constrained subset of systems are selectively engaged by discourse-level processing. To bring these phenomena together, I will present a simple neurally-inspired computational model of visual event processing that may provide a helpful analogy for some features of language processing.","PeriodicalId":311534,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126416873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2014.130
J. Niehaus, Victoria Romero, D. Koelle, N. Palmon, B. Bracken, Jonathan D. Pfautz, S. Reilly, P. Weyhrauch
To better support the creation of narrative-centered tools, developers need a flexible framework to integrate, catalog, select, and reuse narrative models. Computational models of narrative enable the creation of software tools to aid narrative processing, analysis, and generation. Narrative-centered tools explicitly or implicitly embody one or more models of narrative by their definition. However, narrative model creation is often expensive and difficult with no guaranteed benefit to the end system. This paper describes our preliminary approach towards creating the SONNET narrative framework, a flexible framework to integrate, catalog, select, and reuse narrative models, thereby lowering development costs and improving benefits from each model. The framework includes a lightweight ontology language for the definition of key terms and interrelationships among them. The framework specifies model metadata to allow developers to discover and understand models more readily. We discuss the structure of this framework and ongoing development incorporating narrative models.
{"title":"A Flexible Framework for the Creation of Narrative-Centered Tools","authors":"J. Niehaus, Victoria Romero, D. Koelle, N. Palmon, B. Bracken, Jonathan D. Pfautz, S. Reilly, P. Weyhrauch","doi":"10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2014.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2014.130","url":null,"abstract":"To better support the creation of narrative-centered tools, developers need a flexible framework to integrate, catalog, select, and reuse narrative models. Computational models of narrative enable the creation of software tools to aid narrative processing, analysis, and generation. Narrative-centered tools explicitly or implicitly embody one or more models of narrative by their definition. However, narrative model creation is often expensive and difficult with no guaranteed benefit to the end system. This paper describes our preliminary approach towards creating the SONNET narrative framework, a flexible framework to integrate, catalog, select, and reuse narrative models, thereby lowering development costs and improving benefits from each model. The framework includes a lightweight ontology language for the definition of key terms and interrelationships among them. The framework specifies model metadata to allow developers to discover and understand models more readily. We discuss the structure of this framework and ongoing development incorporating narrative models.","PeriodicalId":311534,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133239105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2014.246
Sandra L. Vaughan, R. Mills, M. Grimaila, Gilbert L. Peterson, S. Rogers
In this paper, we propose a conceptual architecture that models human (spatially-temporally-modally) cohesive narrative development using a computer representation of quale properties. Qualia are proposed to be the fundamental "cognitive" components humans use to generate cohesive narratives. The engineering approach is based on cognitively inspired technologies and incorporates the novel concept of quale representation for computation of primitive cognitive components of narrative. The ultimate objective of this research is to develop an architecture that emulates the human ability to generate cohesive narratives with incomplete or perturbated information.
{"title":"Narratives as a Fundamental Component of Consciousness","authors":"Sandra L. Vaughan, R. Mills, M. Grimaila, Gilbert L. Peterson, S. Rogers","doi":"10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2014.246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2014.246","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a conceptual architecture that models human (spatially-temporally-modally) cohesive narrative development using a computer representation of quale properties. Qualia are proposed to be the fundamental \"cognitive\" components humans use to generate cohesive narratives. The engineering approach is based on cognitively inspired technologies and incorporates the novel concept of quale representation for computation of primitive cognitive components of narrative. The ultimate objective of this research is to develop an architecture that emulates the human ability to generate cohesive narratives with incomplete or perturbated information.","PeriodicalId":311534,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126038108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.30
Andrea Bolioli, Matteo Casu, M. Lana, R. Roda
We present the ongoing activities and the first results achieved in a research project concerning the understanding of narrative in the high school. Students and teachers experimented with new ways to learn linguistic and digital skills, by using a collaborative learning environment built around the novel I Promessi Sposi. We analyzed the literary text, extracting social networks of characters and other fundamental narrative elements (sequences, locations, etc.), in order to provide the students with appropriate tools and resources to conduct their own inquiries on the novel.
{"title":"Exploring the Betrothed Lovers","authors":"Andrea Bolioli, Matteo Casu, M. Lana, R. Roda","doi":"10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2013.30","url":null,"abstract":"We present the ongoing activities and the first results achieved in a research project concerning the understanding of narrative in the high school. Students and teachers experimented with new ways to learn linguistic and digital skills, by using a collaborative learning environment built around the novel I Promessi Sposi. We analyzed the literary text, extracting social networks of characters and other fundamental narrative elements (sequences, locations, etc.), in order to provide the students with appropriate tools and resources to conduct their own inquiries on the novel.","PeriodicalId":311534,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative","volume":"2001 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131362385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2016.10
Fahad Khan, A. Bellandi, Giulia Benotto, Francesca Frontini, Emiliano Giovannetti, M. Reboul
In this work we propose a model for the representation of the narrative of a literary text. The model is structured in an ontology and a lexicon constituting a knowledge base that can be queried by a system. This narrative ontology, as well as describing the actors, locations, situations found in the text, provides an explicit formal representation of the timeline of the story. We will focus on a specific case study, that of the representation of a selected portion of Homer's Odyssey, in particular of the knowledge required to answer a selection of salient queries, formulated by a literary scholar. This work is being carried out within the framework of the Semantic Web by adopting models and standards such as RDF, OWL, SPARQL, and lemon among others.
{"title":"Leveraging a Narrative Ontology to Query a Literary Text","authors":"Fahad Khan, A. Bellandi, Giulia Benotto, Francesca Frontini, Emiliano Giovannetti, M. Reboul","doi":"10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2016.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4230/OASIcs.CMN.2016.10","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we propose a model for the representation of the narrative of a literary text. The model is structured in an ontology and a lexicon constituting a knowledge base that can be queried by a system. This narrative ontology, as well as describing the actors, locations, situations found in the text, provides an explicit formal representation of the timeline of the story. We will focus on a specific case study, that of the representation of a selected portion of Homer's Odyssey, in particular of the knowledge required to answer a selection of salient queries, formulated by a literary scholar. This work is being carried out within the framework of the Semantic Web by adopting models and standards such as RDF, OWL, SPARQL, and lemon among others.","PeriodicalId":311534,"journal":{"name":"Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127320577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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