Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.30491/IJBS.2020.210704.1178
Paridhi Gupta, N. Purohit
Abstract Introduction: In today’s world, social media plays a major role in young people’s lives. Social media has the potential to reach and deliver information far and wide, including information on health behavior and lifestyle which could benefit in long term. The objective of this paper was to examine the use, reach and effectiveness of social media in health promotion and behavior change of young people. Method: In order to carry out this study, a review of secondary literature was done. PubMed, Cochrane Library and reference lists of relevant articles from 2012-2018 were searched to identify social media interventions. Studies included in the review had used social media interventions for health behavior change. Results: Nine studies were identified as relevant to the study objective. Studies mainly used Facebook (n=6) as a social media platform to carry out behavior change interventions. Findings suggest that social media interventions are not only feasible but acceptable in the young community. The principle of engagement and peer or social support emerged as an important construct associated with behavior change. Conclusion: Social media platform provides advantages like easy accessibility and acceptability. However, its mere availability and increasing use do not ensure its effectiveness. The lessons which this review gives are that while social media is an accepted platform for youth, it will not be effective as a behavior change tool if it is used just for information-sharing. Thus, behavior change theories and social support ensuring engagement are a few recommended approaches for social media interventions to facilitate behavior change.
{"title":"Promoting Health Behavior in Young People in India: Learning for use of Social Media","authors":"Paridhi Gupta, N. Purohit","doi":"10.30491/IJBS.2020.210704.1178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/IJBS.2020.210704.1178","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: In today’s world, social media plays a major role in young people’s lives. Social media has the potential to reach and deliver information far and wide, including information on health behavior and lifestyle which could benefit in long term. The objective of this paper was to examine the use, reach and effectiveness of social media in health promotion and behavior change of young people. Method: In order to carry out this study, a review of secondary literature was done. PubMed, Cochrane Library and reference lists of relevant articles from 2012-2018 were searched to identify social media interventions. Studies included in the review had used social media interventions for health behavior change. Results: Nine studies were identified as relevant to the study objective. Studies mainly used Facebook (n=6) as a social media platform to carry out behavior change interventions. Findings suggest that social media interventions are not only feasible but acceptable in the young community. The principle of engagement and peer or social support emerged as an important construct associated with behavior change. Conclusion: Social media platform provides advantages like easy accessibility and acceptability. However, its mere availability and increasing use do not ensure its effectiveness. The lessons which this review gives are that while social media is an accepted platform for youth, it will not be effective as a behavior change tool if it is used just for information-sharing. Thus, behavior change theories and social support ensuring engagement are a few recommended approaches for social media interventions to facilitate behavior change.","PeriodicalId":31218,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"122-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45577257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.30491/IJBS.2020.213010.1181
Tiraje Javini, Azam Farah-Bijari
Abstract Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the interpersonal theory of suicide in firefighters in Tehran. This research was based on an interpersonal suicide theory in understanding whether two variables of thwarted belonging and burdensomeness play an important role in suicidal thoughts of firefighters or not. Method: The present study was a quantitative and correlational study. The statistical population included all firefighters in Tehran, and 150 samples were selected by available sampling method. The tools used include the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, the Deafness Abusive Scale and the Depression Symptom Index Joiner. Results: Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical methods using SPSS version 24 and correlation and predictor method and linear regression analysis. The results revealed that there is a positive and significant correlation between suicidal ideation with belongingness, burdensomeness, age and work experience, and there is a significant negative correlation between suicidal thoughts and education. Conclusion: Considering the existence of suicidal thoughts in firefighters, it is recommended that programs be made to reduce these thoughts among them.
{"title":"A Test of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (Thwarted belonging and Burdensomeness) among Firefighters in Tehran","authors":"Tiraje Javini, Azam Farah-Bijari","doi":"10.30491/IJBS.2020.213010.1181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/IJBS.2020.213010.1181","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000 \u0000Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the interpersonal theory of suicide in firefighters in Tehran. This research was based on an interpersonal suicide theory in understanding whether two variables of thwarted belonging and burdensomeness play an important role in suicidal thoughts of firefighters or not. \u0000Method: The present study was a quantitative and correlational study. The statistical population included all firefighters in Tehran, and 150 samples were selected by available sampling method. The tools used include the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, the Deafness Abusive Scale and the Depression Symptom Index Joiner. \u0000Results: Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical methods using SPSS version 24 and correlation and predictor method and linear regression analysis. The results revealed that there is a positive and significant correlation between suicidal ideation with belongingness, burdensomeness, age and work experience, and there is a significant negative correlation between suicidal thoughts and education. \u0000Conclusion: Considering the existence of suicidal thoughts in firefighters, it is recommended that programs be made to reduce these thoughts among them.","PeriodicalId":31218,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"167-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47459794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.30491/IJBS.2020.209970.1170
Mahboobeh Maleki, Z. Moradi, Nasrin Jaberghaderi
Abstract Introduction: Although several studies have been conducted about self-directed learning readiness, it seems that in Iran there has been no research on the relationship between information literacy, motivated strategies for learning with self-directed learning readiness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between information literacy and motivated strategies for learning, and students’ self-directed learning readiness. Method: This research was a descriptive correlational study. For this purpose, 335 students were selected using convenience sampling method. To collect data, the Information Literacy Questionnaire (ILQ), Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) and Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale (SDLRS) were used. The SPSS, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis were applied to analyze the data. Results: The findings showed that information literacy, motivated studying and learning strategies, and their components, except formetacognitiveself-regulation, had a significant relationship with self-directed learning readiness. Also, the results of multiple regression analysis revealed that approximately 39 percent of students' self-directed learning readiness variance is predictable based on motivated strategies for learning. The coefficients of the regression model showed that information exchange was significantly involved in predicting self-directed learning readiness among the components of information literacy. Conclusion: It can be concluded that information literacy, motivated strategies for learning are the variables associated with self-directed learning readiness. It is necessary to focus on cognitive skills for improving self-directed learning readness in education system.
{"title":"The Relationship between Information Literacy, Motivated Strategies for Learning with Self-directed Learning Readiness","authors":"Mahboobeh Maleki, Z. Moradi, Nasrin Jaberghaderi","doi":"10.30491/IJBS.2020.209970.1170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/IJBS.2020.209970.1170","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: Although several studies have been conducted about self-directed learning readiness, it seems that in Iran there has been no research on the relationship between information literacy, motivated strategies for learning with self-directed learning readiness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between information literacy and motivated strategies for learning, and students’ self-directed learning readiness. Method: This research was a descriptive correlational study. For this purpose, 335 students were selected using convenience sampling method. To collect data, the Information Literacy Questionnaire (ILQ), Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) and Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale (SDLRS) were used. The SPSS, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis were applied to analyze the data. Results: The findings showed that information literacy, motivated studying and learning strategies, and their components, except formetacognitiveself-regulation, had a significant relationship with self-directed learning readiness. Also, the results of multiple regression analysis revealed that approximately 39 percent of students' self-directed learning readiness variance is predictable based on motivated strategies for learning. The coefficients of the regression model showed that information exchange was significantly involved in predicting self-directed learning readiness among the components of information literacy. Conclusion: It can be concluded that information literacy, motivated strategies for learning are the variables associated with self-directed learning readiness. It is necessary to focus on cognitive skills for improving self-directed learning readness in education system.","PeriodicalId":31218,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"143-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46566560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.30491/IJBS.2020.203329.1143
R. O. Azeez, S. O. Babalola
IntroductionThis study investigated the efficacy of cognitive behavioral group therapy on aggression among adolescents in secondary schools, Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria.MethodThe study employed a pretest-post-test quasi-experimental research design. Participants included 160 secondary school adolescents from four randomly selected public secondary schools who were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups for this study. Aggressive Behavior Questionnaire by Buss and Perry was used to collect data for the participants. All the formulated hypotheses were tested using the Analysis of Covariant (ANCOVA).ResultsResults revealed that the treatment was effective in treating adolescents’ aggressive behavior. Furthermore, findings revealed that the moderating variables (gender and socio-economic background) did not individually have significant effects on the aggressive behavior of adolescents. The two-way interaction of gender and socio-economic background had no significant effect on the criterion variable; and the three-way interaction of gender, socio-economic background and treatment were not significant.ConclusionIt is therefore recommended that cognitive behavioral group therapy can be adopted as an effective intervention strategy for addressing aggression among adolescents in secondary schools
{"title":"Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy on Adolescents’ Aggressive Behavior","authors":"R. O. Azeez, S. O. Babalola","doi":"10.30491/IJBS.2020.203329.1143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/IJBS.2020.203329.1143","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionThis study investigated the efficacy of cognitive behavioral group therapy on aggression among adolescents in secondary schools, Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria.MethodThe study employed a pretest-post-test quasi-experimental research design. Participants included 160 secondary school adolescents from four randomly selected public secondary schools who were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups for this study. Aggressive Behavior Questionnaire by Buss and Perry was used to collect data for the participants. All the formulated hypotheses were tested using the Analysis of Covariant (ANCOVA).ResultsResults revealed that the treatment was effective in treating adolescents’ aggressive behavior. Furthermore, findings revealed that the moderating variables (gender and socio-economic background) did not individually have significant effects on the aggressive behavior of adolescents. The two-way interaction of gender and socio-economic background had no significant effect on the criterion variable; and the three-way interaction of gender, socio-economic background and treatment were not significant.ConclusionIt is therefore recommended that cognitive behavioral group therapy can be adopted as an effective intervention strategy for addressing aggression among adolescents in secondary schools","PeriodicalId":31218,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"51-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47978719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-25DOI: 10.30491/IJBS.2020.201358.1133
M. Mohammadpour, S. Amiri, Roya Farnoodi, A. Bahari, Golfam Goodarzi, A. Foroughi
Abstract Introduction: Social anxiety is a prevalent disorder among university students which interferes with their functions. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is one of the new approaches for treating psychological disorders. This research aims to study the effectiveness of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in university students suffering from social anxiety. Method: The design of this study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and follow-up assessments for control and intervention groups. For this purpose, 24 students diagnosed with social anxiety were randomly allocated to control and intervention groups. The intervention group received 8 sessions of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. The students completed the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS), Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure (IPSM) and the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) in both pretest and posttest. Follow-up assessments were done after 2 months. The data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: According to the findings of the present study, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduces social anxiety and interpersonal sensitivity significantly. Also, it can increase the components of self-compassion significantly in the intervention group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Due to the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in reducing social anxiety in students, considering and utilizing this kind of psychotherapy is of great importance.
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy on the Psychological Symptoms of Students with Social Anxiety Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial","authors":"M. Mohammadpour, S. Amiri, Roya Farnoodi, A. Bahari, Golfam Goodarzi, A. Foroughi","doi":"10.30491/IJBS.2020.201358.1133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/IJBS.2020.201358.1133","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000 \u0000Introduction: Social anxiety is a prevalent disorder among university students which interferes with their functions. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is one of the new approaches for treating psychological disorders. This research aims to study the effectiveness of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in university students suffering from social anxiety. \u0000Method: The design of this study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and follow-up assessments for control and intervention groups. For this purpose, 24 students diagnosed with social anxiety were randomly allocated to control and intervention groups. The intervention group received 8 sessions of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. The students completed the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS), Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure (IPSM) and the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) in both pretest and posttest. Follow-up assessments were done after 2 months. The data were analyzed using SPSS. \u0000Results: According to the findings of the present study, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduces social anxiety and interpersonal sensitivity significantly. Also, it can increase the components of self-compassion significantly in the intervention group compared to the control group. \u0000Conclusion: Due to the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in reducing social anxiety in students, considering and utilizing this kind of psychotherapy is of great importance.","PeriodicalId":31218,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"6-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44858566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-12DOI: 10.30491/IJBS.2020.203551.1144
Hanieh Hojabrian, A. Rezaei, I. Bigdeli, M. Najafy, M. Mohammadifar
Abstract Introduction: The increasing importance of the movement of positive psychology and consequently positive education has led scientific study to foster and promote human psychological flourishing. This research aimed to provide an educational-interventional protocol to foster and promote flourishing and evaluate its effectiveness. Method: With a pretest and posttest design and a control group, this study was performed on 34 teachers from two schools in Tehran, selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. After randomly allocating teachers to the test and control groups, they complete the Human Psychological Flourishing Scale and Flourishing Questionnaire. Then, the educational-interventional flourishing protocol was only presented to the test group during 14 sessions. The questionnaires were filled again by all the subjects at the end of the course. Results: According to the results of the univariate and multivariate covariance analyses, flourishing training significantly increased all the components of flourishing in the test group, compared to the control group. Conclusion: According to the results, the application of educational-interventional flourishing protocol increased all the components of flourishing among teachers (e.g., positive emotion, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment, sense of satisfaction/happiness, individual competency and social contribution). Therefore, this protocol can be applied to promote the flourishing of teachers.
{"title":"Positive Education: A Way to Foster and Promote Psychological Flourishing in Schools","authors":"Hanieh Hojabrian, A. Rezaei, I. Bigdeli, M. Najafy, M. Mohammadifar","doi":"10.30491/IJBS.2020.203551.1144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/IJBS.2020.203551.1144","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000 \u0000Introduction: The increasing importance of the movement of positive psychology and consequently positive education has led scientific study to foster and promote human psychological flourishing. This research aimed to provide an educational-interventional protocol to foster and promote flourishing and evaluate its effectiveness. \u0000Method: With a pretest and posttest design and a control group, this study was performed on 34 teachers from two schools in Tehran, selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. After randomly allocating teachers to the test and control groups, they complete the Human Psychological Flourishing Scale and Flourishing Questionnaire. Then, the educational-interventional flourishing protocol was only presented to the test group during 14 sessions. The questionnaires were filled again by all the subjects at the end of the course. \u0000Results: According to the results of the univariate and multivariate covariance analyses, flourishing training significantly increased all the components of flourishing in the test group, compared to the control group. \u0000Conclusion: According to the results, the application of educational-interventional flourishing protocol increased all the components of flourishing among teachers (e.g., positive emotion, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment, sense of satisfaction/happiness, individual competency and social contribution). Therefore, this protocol can be applied to promote the flourishing of teachers.","PeriodicalId":31218,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42958939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the predicting role of the big five personality traits in the four components of moral decision-making. Method: The population of this descriptive-correlation study included all the students in the University of Mazandaran. The participants were 384 students selected by stratified random sampling. In order to collect data, the Mini-IPIP, Ethical Sensitivity Scale, DIT-2, Moral Identity Questionnaire and the Moral Courage Scale were used. The data were analyzed by SPSS-24. Results: According to the results of this study, neuroticism was a negative significant predictor of moral identity and moral courage, extraversion was a negative significant predictor of moral identity, openness was a positive significant predictor of moral identity, agreeableness was a positive significant predictor of moral sensitivity and moral identity and conscientiousness were a positive significant predictor of moral identity, and moral courage. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it can be stated that different personality traits can predict different aspects of moral decision making.
{"title":"Personality and Morality: Role of the Big Five Personality Traits in Predicting the Four Components of Moral Decision Making","authors":"Roya Abbasi-Asl, S. Hashemi","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/6azqs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/6azqs","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the predicting role of the big five personality traits in the four components of moral decision-making. Method: The population of this descriptive-correlation study included all the students in the University of Mazandaran. The participants were 384 students selected by stratified random sampling. In order to collect data, the Mini-IPIP, Ethical Sensitivity Scale, DIT-2, Moral Identity Questionnaire and the Moral Courage Scale were used. The data were analyzed by SPSS-24. Results: According to the results of this study, neuroticism was a negative significant predictor of moral identity and moral courage, extraversion was a negative significant predictor of moral identity, openness was a positive significant predictor of moral identity, agreeableness was a positive significant predictor of moral sensitivity and moral identity and conscientiousness were a positive significant predictor of moral identity, and moral courage. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it can be stated that different personality traits can predict different aspects of moral decision making.","PeriodicalId":31218,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"123-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46185282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to employ the theory of planned behavior in examining the inclusion of Islamic religiosity in predicting Islamic ethical work behavior. Islamic religiosity was included as Islam plays a dominant role in Brunei’s society. Participants consisted of 370 Malay Muslim teachers. Structural equation modeling was used to test three proposed models. While Model 1 was based on the theory of planned behavior, it does not take into consideration the distinctive Islamic context of the Bruneian society. Hence, Model 2 was proposed to include Islamic religiosity. To better reflect the population, a model with Islamic religiosity was further augmented leading to Model 3. Results showed support for only two models: Model 1 and Model 3. Model 3 was revised by removing non-significant paths. Model comparison indicated that the revised Model 3 (AIC = 100.82; BIC = 103.55) is a better model than Model 1 (AIC = 141.88; BIC = 143.98). This suggests that the predictive power of the theory of planned behavior can be improved by including dominant cultural factors, such as religiosity, that affect a person’s belief. In conclusion, it can be said that religion is indispensable in exploring and understanding how the people in Brunei think and behave in their workplace and society.
{"title":"Predicting Islamic Ethical Work Behavior Using the Theory of Planned Behavior and Religiosity in Brunei","authors":"Nur Amali Aminnuddin","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/nd2km","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/nd2km","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to employ the theory of planned behavior in examining the inclusion of Islamic religiosity in predicting Islamic ethical work behavior. Islamic religiosity was included as Islam plays a dominant role in Brunei’s society. Participants consisted of 370 Malay Muslim teachers. Structural equation modeling was used to test three proposed models. While Model 1 was based on the theory of planned behavior, it does not take into consideration the distinctive Islamic context of the Bruneian society. Hence, Model 2 was proposed to include Islamic religiosity. To better reflect the population, a model with Islamic religiosity was further augmented leading to Model 3. Results showed support for only two models: Model 1 and Model 3. Model 3 was revised by removing non-significant paths. Model comparison indicated that the revised Model 3 (AIC = 100.82; BIC = 103.55) is a better model than Model 1 (AIC = 141.88; BIC = 143.98). This suggests that the predictive power of the theory of planned behavior can be improved by including dominant cultural factors, such as religiosity, that affect a person’s belief. In conclusion, it can be said that religion is indispensable in exploring and understanding how the people in Brunei think and behave in their workplace and society.","PeriodicalId":31218,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49358205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-01DOI: 10.30491/IJBS.2015.67908
Fatemeh Akbari, M. Talebi, A. Fathi-Ashtiani
Introduction: Depression is a common disorder characterized by prolonged periods of time, variety of symptoms, a high rate of recurrence, and lots of physical and mental disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of direct electrical stimulations of the brain on reducing the symptoms of depression among female students. Method: This research is a semi-experimental study, in which the subjects were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. These groups were accompanied by pretest, posttest and follow-ups. Thirty students were selected among patients referring to the clinic using a random assignment. They were then randomly assigned into two experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The Beck Depression Scale was used in the current study. The treatment sessions with a direct electrical stimulation of the brain (tDCS) included 20-min anodal stimulation of F3 region, and Kathodal stimulation of the right orbit with a current of 2 mA. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and a dependent t-test. Results: Analysis of the data using analysis of covariance showed that there is a significant difference between experimental and control groups in the rates of depression in the post-test phase. Also, the analysis of data using dependent t-test showed that there were no significant differences among female students at the post-test and follow-up phase. In other words, the effectiveness of direct electrical stimulation of the brain (tDCS) on depressive symptoms has a good stability over time. Conclusion: The results showed that electrical stimulation of the brain (tDCS) can reduce the symptoms of depression in patient with major depression. Hence, the recommend psychologists and psychotherapists to use direct electrical stimulation of the brain (tDCS) as an intervention method to prevent problems in patient with major depression.
{"title":"The effectiveness of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the brain (tDCS) on reducing depressive symptoms among people with Depressive Disorder","authors":"Fatemeh Akbari, M. Talebi, A. Fathi-Ashtiani","doi":"10.30491/IJBS.2015.67908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/IJBS.2015.67908","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Depression is a common disorder characterized by prolonged periods of time, variety of symptoms, a high rate of recurrence, and lots of physical and mental disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of direct electrical stimulations of the brain on reducing the symptoms of depression among female students. Method: This research is a semi-experimental study, in which the subjects were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. These groups were accompanied by pretest, posttest and follow-ups. Thirty students were selected among patients referring to the clinic using a random assignment. They were then randomly assigned into two experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The Beck Depression Scale was used in the current study. The treatment sessions with a direct electrical stimulation of the brain (tDCS) included 20-min anodal stimulation of F3 region, and Kathodal stimulation of the right orbit with a current of 2 mA. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and a dependent t-test. Results: Analysis of the data using analysis of covariance showed that there is a significant difference between experimental and control groups in the rates of depression in the post-test phase. Also, the analysis of data using dependent t-test showed that there were no significant differences among female students at the post-test and follow-up phase. In other words, the effectiveness of direct electrical stimulation of the brain (tDCS) on depressive symptoms has a good stability over time. Conclusion: The results showed that electrical stimulation of the brain (tDCS) can reduce the symptoms of depression in patient with major depression. Hence, the recommend psychologists and psychotherapists to use direct electrical stimulation of the brain (tDCS) as an intervention method to prevent problems in patient with major depression.","PeriodicalId":31218,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"95-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70076589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-15DOI: 10.29171/azu_acku_risalah_bf723_p4_alif24_1393
ایمان الله بیگدلی, سعید اعظمی, سمانه قوشچیان
{"title":"مقایسه کارکرد حافظهی بالینی و دیداری-فضایی بیماران مبتلا به اختلال شخصیت مرزی و اختلال شخصیت ضد اجتماعی","authors":"ایمان الله بیگدلی, سعید اعظمی, سمانه قوشچیان","doi":"10.29171/azu_acku_risalah_bf723_p4_alif24_1393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29171/azu_acku_risalah_bf723_p4_alif24_1393","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31218,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Behavioral Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"17-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69713372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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