Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v36i2.19978
Heinrich Rakuasa, Yamres Pakniany
The phenomenon of urban growth has become an important issue that affects the land use system and land cover in a region for several reasons, such as population growth and the economy. This phenomenon has also become one of the main environmental issues lately because it has devastated urban ecosystems. Ternate Tengah District has the highest population growth rate in Ternate City and has experienced extensive urban development due to several reasons, such as the pace of urbanization, economic growth, and population. Urbanization accelerates the demand to land for living. As a result, there will be gaps or disparities between land needs and available land, a decline in environmental carrying capacity, and potential environmental harm in the future. Spatial modeling of future land covers is needed to provide data on policy-making. GIS and remote sensing methods have been widely introduced, but the most effective one is CA-Markov. This model has been used in various areas worldwide, but its application to predicting land use change in the populous city of a small island under threat of volcanic hazards like Ternate is limited. This study aims to evaluate and forecast the land-use changes brought on by urbanization in Ternate City's Central Ternate District. We used a cellular automata-Markov chain to examine and forecast land cover changes in 2002, 2012, 2022, and 2032. The findings indicate that residential area development will increase along with population expansion and land demand. The results of this study can support the policy-making related to the future arrangement and utilization of space in The Central Ternate District.
{"title":"Spatial Dynamics of Land Cover Change in Ternate Tengah District, Ternate City, Indonesia","authors":"Heinrich Rakuasa, Yamres Pakniany","doi":"10.23917/forgeo.v36i2.19978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v36i2.19978","url":null,"abstract":"The phenomenon of urban growth has become an important issue that affects the land use system and land cover in a region for several reasons, such as population growth and the economy. This phenomenon has also become one of the main environmental issues lately because it has devastated urban ecosystems. Ternate Tengah District has the highest population growth rate in Ternate City and has experienced extensive urban development due to several reasons, such as the pace of urbanization, economic growth, and population. Urbanization accelerates the demand to land for living. As a result, there will be gaps or disparities between land needs and available land, a decline in environmental carrying capacity, and potential environmental harm in the future. Spatial modeling of future land covers is needed to provide data on policy-making. GIS and remote sensing methods have been widely introduced, but the most effective one is CA-Markov. This model has been used in various areas worldwide, but its application to predicting land use change in the populous city of a small island under threat of volcanic hazards like Ternate is limited. This study aims to evaluate and forecast the land-use changes brought on by urbanization in Ternate City's Central Ternate District. We used a cellular automata-Markov chain to examine and forecast land cover changes in 2002, 2012, 2022, and 2032. The findings indicate that residential area development will increase along with population expansion and land demand. The results of this study can support the policy-making related to the future arrangement and utilization of space in The Central Ternate District.","PeriodicalId":31244,"journal":{"name":"Forum Geografi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83736989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v36i2.20668
Daikai Rikuto, Gomez Christopher, B. Bradák, Aditya Saputra, D. Hadmoko
Landslide dams are less frequent than other landslides, and their very existence is often very-much short-lived, because the temporary dam tends to collapse rapidly. Because of the resulting lack of evidences, there has been less research done on this topic, although the potential catastrophe they can be at the origin of needs assessment. For this purpose, the present contribution aims at differentiating landslides that trigger dams against those that do not inside a group of valleys of the Kii peninsula in Japan, where landslides occurred after the typhoon Talas in 2011. Using topographic map before the event and LiDAR data in its aftermath, the authors have calculated the factor of safety (FS) of different landslides in the same valleys, comparing the data of landslides that created dams against those that did not. The results show that landslides that triggered dams seemed to have a higher FS than those that did not. The authors suggest that it is because larger landslides are needed and thus appear more stable, but also because at the location where the slopes are stable, the riverbed can incise further instead of growing horizontally, and thus the sediments damming the channel have more chances to block it (as it is narrow) and stop the river from flowing.
{"title":"Predisposition Factor of Safety of Landslide Dams from Typhoon Talas, Kii Peninsula, Japan","authors":"Daikai Rikuto, Gomez Christopher, B. Bradák, Aditya Saputra, D. Hadmoko","doi":"10.23917/forgeo.v36i2.20668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v36i2.20668","url":null,"abstract":"Landslide dams are less frequent than other landslides, and their very existence is often very-much short-lived, because the temporary dam tends to collapse rapidly. Because of the resulting lack of evidences, there has been less research done on this topic, although the potential catastrophe they can be at the origin of needs assessment. For this purpose, the present contribution aims at differentiating landslides that trigger dams against those that do not inside a group of valleys of the Kii peninsula in Japan, where landslides occurred after the typhoon Talas in 2011. Using topographic map before the event and LiDAR data in its aftermath, the authors have calculated the factor of safety (FS) of different landslides in the same valleys, comparing the data of landslides that created dams against those that did not. The results show that landslides that triggered dams seemed to have a higher FS than those that did not. The authors suggest that it is because larger landslides are needed and thus appear more stable, but also because at the location where the slopes are stable, the riverbed can incise further instead of growing horizontally, and thus the sediments damming the channel have more chances to block it (as it is narrow) and stop the river from flowing.","PeriodicalId":31244,"journal":{"name":"Forum Geografi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77863504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v36i2.19941
Muhsi Muhsi, B. M. Sukojo, M. Taufik, P. Aji, Lalu Muhamad Jaelani
Remote sensing technique to estimate the sea surface salinity has been widely implemented in the seas of various regions. The interface between them was developed using a regression equation like the algorithm in previous research. However, the use of this algorithm for waters in Indonesia, especially in Madura Strait, still requires some adjustment since it is related to the characteristics of different areas in which the algorithm was developed. The development of an applicable local algorithm was performed by finding the best coefficient value in estimating sea surface salinity by considering the value of its lowest NMAE (Normalized Mean Absolute Error). By using salinity and in-situ Rrs(l) (Reflectance of remote sensing) data, we found that the coefficient for the slope was -0.0092, and the intercept was 1.4903. The developed algorithm produces higher accuracy than the existing algorithm, with an NMAE of 0.51%. This NMAE value is smaller than previous research, so this new model can be used to estimate sea surface salinity, particularly in Indonesian sea waters.
{"title":"Estimation of Sea Surface Salinity Concentration from Landsat 8 OLI Data in The Strait of Madura, Indonesia","authors":"Muhsi Muhsi, B. M. Sukojo, M. Taufik, P. Aji, Lalu Muhamad Jaelani","doi":"10.23917/forgeo.v36i2.19941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v36i2.19941","url":null,"abstract":"Remote sensing technique to estimate the sea surface salinity has been widely implemented in the seas of various regions. The interface between them was developed using a regression equation like the algorithm in previous research. However, the use of this algorithm for waters in Indonesia, especially in Madura Strait, still requires some adjustment since it is related to the characteristics of different areas in which the algorithm was developed. The development of an applicable local algorithm was performed by finding the best coefficient value in estimating sea surface salinity by considering the value of its lowest NMAE (Normalized Mean Absolute Error). By using salinity and in-situ Rrs(l) (Reflectance of remote sensing) data, we found that the coefficient for the slope was -0.0092, and the intercept was 1.4903. The developed algorithm produces higher accuracy than the existing algorithm, with an NMAE of 0.51%. This NMAE value is smaller than previous research, so this new model can be used to estimate sea surface salinity, particularly in Indonesian sea waters.","PeriodicalId":31244,"journal":{"name":"Forum Geografi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76075030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v36i2.12019
E. Novita, Ahmad Zaidan Karomi, H. Pradana
The variety of community activities in urban areas and a poor domestic sewage system are thought to affect the water quality of the Bedadung River. The high level of river pollution is caused by the high amount of polluting waste that enters, thus increasing the pollution load. Point source pollutant sources are sources of pollutants originating from certain sources that can be identified directly, such as domestic waste disposal, industrial activities, and others. Organic pollutants from domestic waste that enter the river can reduce the dissolved oxygen concentration in the river which can affect the quality of river water. The quality of water from pollutants can be indicated by knowing the concentration of the oxygen content in the water. To find out, it is necessary to measure the amount of BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand). The BOD value can be used as an index number to measure the level of pollutants from waste in a water system. In addition, changes in land use are also the impact of population growth and increased human activity. Land-use changes that ignore the principles of ecosystem sustainability tend to harm the environment, including a decrease in water quality. This study was conducted to determine the potential point source pollution load of Bedadung River in the Urban Area using information about the Bedadung River both spatial data and pollutant water quality (BOD) data. All data is combined and processed using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) technology. The data were analyzed and plotted into a map depicting the distribution of potential point source pollutant loads in the Bedadung River Urban Area Segment. The results of the analysis of land cover pollutant source areas based on the boundary include rice fields of 18.97%, fields of 5.98%, gardens of 12.85%, rivers of 12.25%, and settlements having the largest land area of 49.96% of the total area of the study area. The results of the calculation of the potential point source pollution load showed that the highest potential pollution load value was in the Kaliwates village of 13.966 kg/day, the lowest was in the Antirogo village of 0.004 kg/day and the total point source pollution load was 36.31 kg/day.
{"title":"Spatial Distribution of Potential Pollution Load Point Source of Bedadung River in the Urban Area Segment","authors":"E. Novita, Ahmad Zaidan Karomi, H. Pradana","doi":"10.23917/forgeo.v36i2.12019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v36i2.12019","url":null,"abstract":"The variety of community activities in urban areas and a poor domestic sewage system are thought to affect the water quality of the Bedadung River. The high level of river pollution is caused by the high amount of polluting waste that enters, thus increasing the pollution load. Point source pollutant sources are sources of pollutants originating from certain sources that can be identified directly, such as domestic waste disposal, industrial activities, and others. Organic pollutants from domestic waste that enter the river can reduce the dissolved oxygen concentration in the river which can affect the quality of river water. The quality of water from pollutants can be indicated by knowing the concentration of the oxygen content in the water. To find out, it is necessary to measure the amount of BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand). The BOD value can be used as an index number to measure the level of pollutants from waste in a water system. In addition, changes in land use are also the impact of population growth and increased human activity. Land-use changes that ignore the principles of ecosystem sustainability tend to harm the environment, including a decrease in water quality. This study was conducted to determine the potential point source pollution load of Bedadung River in the Urban Area using information about the Bedadung River both spatial data and pollutant water quality (BOD) data. All data is combined and processed using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) technology. The data were analyzed and plotted into a map depicting the distribution of potential point source pollutant loads in the Bedadung River Urban Area Segment. The results of the analysis of land cover pollutant source areas based on the boundary include rice fields of 18.97%, fields of 5.98%, gardens of 12.85%, rivers of 12.25%, and settlements having the largest land area of 49.96% of the total area of the study area. The results of the calculation of the potential point source pollution load showed that the highest potential pollution load value was in the Kaliwates village of 13.966 kg/day, the lowest was in the Antirogo village of 0.004 kg/day and the total point source pollution load was 36.31 kg/day.","PeriodicalId":31244,"journal":{"name":"Forum Geografi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88813182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v36i2.16231
R. Turyahabwe, Loy Gumisiriza Turybanawe, J. Asaba, Andrew Mulabbi, Mukisa Geofrey
Farmers in tropical rural areas are confronted with several challenges but outstandingly climate change which can only be overcome by adopting to climate change resilience strategies. This study assessed the factors affecting adoption of climate change resilience strategies in Muyembe sub-county, Bulambuli district, Uganda. We used questionnaires, interviews, focused group discussions and field observations to collect the required data, which was analyzed using basic descriptive statistics and logistic regression model. Results indicate that, the dominant climate change resilience strategies adopted in the study were, soil/water conservation (65%), drought resistant crop varieties (59.4%), and irrigation (55.6). Results of the logistic regression indicated that, gender and family size were the most important factors that influenced adoption of climate change resilience strategies with coefficient -0.86 and P0.05, and0.18 and P0.05 respectively. On the other hand, the barriers to adoption of the same by majority farmers were dominated by financial constraints and adulteration of farm inputs at 93.4% and 74% respectively. We concluded that, many farmers are still locked in indigenous practices that have made them vulnerable to climate change effects characterized by low yields, crop failure hence low incomes, poverty and food insecurity. We recommended that, government should support the adaptation strategies to climate change by the smallholder farmers technically by providing both ground and surface water irrigation facilities and financially by providing agricultural loans as well as focusing on promoting awareness and advancing education on climate change to farmers through knowledge and skill sharing platforms such as training, conferences, and seminars.
{"title":"Factors Affecting Adoption of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies by Small Holder Farmers in Mountain and Lowland Agro-ecological Zones of Eastern Uganda","authors":"R. Turyahabwe, Loy Gumisiriza Turybanawe, J. Asaba, Andrew Mulabbi, Mukisa Geofrey","doi":"10.23917/forgeo.v36i2.16231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v36i2.16231","url":null,"abstract":"Farmers in tropical rural areas are confronted with several challenges but outstandingly climate change which can only be overcome by adopting to climate change resilience strategies. This study assessed the factors affecting adoption of climate change resilience strategies in Muyembe sub-county, Bulambuli district, Uganda. We used questionnaires, interviews, focused group discussions and field observations to collect the required data, which was analyzed using basic descriptive statistics and logistic regression model. Results indicate that, the dominant climate change resilience strategies adopted in the study were, soil/water conservation (65%), drought resistant crop varieties (59.4%), and irrigation (55.6). Results of the logistic regression indicated that, gender and family size were the most important factors that influenced adoption of climate change resilience strategies with coefficient -0.86 and P0.05, and0.18 and P0.05 respectively. On the other hand, the barriers to adoption of the same by majority farmers were dominated by financial constraints and adulteration of farm inputs at 93.4% and 74% respectively. We concluded that, many farmers are still locked in indigenous practices that have made them vulnerable to climate change effects characterized by low yields, crop failure hence low incomes, poverty and food insecurity. We recommended that, government should support the adaptation strategies to climate change by the smallholder farmers technically by providing both ground and surface water irrigation facilities and financially by providing agricultural loans as well as focusing on promoting awareness and advancing education on climate change to farmers through knowledge and skill sharing platforms such as training, conferences, and seminars.","PeriodicalId":31244,"journal":{"name":"Forum Geografi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72443956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v36i2.17990
Y. Sanusi, S. G. Owoyele, S. Medayese, N. Mohammed
This study is based on solid waste recycling activities in Minna, Nigeria. The objectives of the study are to take inventory of recycling outlets, to examine the recycling inputs and the products produced by the recyclers, to assess the operating environment of the recycling cluster and to investigate the livelihood opportunities that recycling generates. The result shows that the recycling cluster occupies an area of 0.64 hectares that accommodates 141 recycling outlets with about 40% of the outlets occupying below the standard shop size of 7.2m2. The recycling outlets use 18 types of recovered materials to reproduce 27 varieties of products. Each recycling outlet engages about 3.4 persons and offers training to an average of 6 persons each. In general, the sector contributes to creation of employment, income generation, skill development, asset building and social capital formation.
{"title":"A Green Economy Approach to Solid Waste Management in Minna, Nigeria","authors":"Y. Sanusi, S. G. Owoyele, S. Medayese, N. Mohammed","doi":"10.23917/forgeo.v36i2.17990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v36i2.17990","url":null,"abstract":"This study is based on solid waste recycling activities in Minna, Nigeria. The objectives of the study are to take inventory of recycling outlets, to examine the recycling inputs and the products produced by the recyclers, to assess the operating environment of the recycling cluster and to investigate the livelihood opportunities that recycling generates. The result shows that the recycling cluster occupies an area of 0.64 hectares that accommodates 141 recycling outlets with about 40% of the outlets occupying below the standard shop size of 7.2m2. The recycling outlets use 18 types of recovered materials to reproduce 27 varieties of products. Each recycling outlet engages about 3.4 persons and offers training to an average of 6 persons each. In general, the sector contributes to creation of employment, income generation, skill development, asset building and social capital formation.","PeriodicalId":31244,"journal":{"name":"Forum Geografi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84476939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v36i2.16279
M. W. Nabalegwa, Robert Tweheyo, J. Asaba, Muhamed Waibi
This study focused on establishing the relationship between sugarcane growing and the livelihood of small-scale farmers in Jinja District. It was guided by three objectives namely: to characterize individual farmers and their farms, establish benefits from sugarcane farming to the farmer’s livelihoods and find out the effect of sugarcane growing on household food security in the area. The study adopted descriptive research design. The target population of this study were sugarcane growing households’ heads and Village Chairpersons of sugarcane out-growers association. The study employed the purposive and simple random sampling techniques. A sample size of 42 respondents from a population of 362 small-scale farmers. The methods of data collection included; use of questionnaires, interviewing, focus group discussions and observation. The study generated both qualitative and quantitative data. The data collected was analysed by computing percentages while qualitative data was analysed by coding and establishing common themes. The study findings revealed that although women are fully involved in sugarcane growing, ownership of farms is dominated by men. The dominant age group among the sugarcane farmers is between 30 to 60 years, with mainly primary education graduates. The average farm size was 3 acres and the larges part of the farm land is devoted to sugarcane growing. There are some positive benefits from sugar growing, though many challenges have been identified. Most smallholder farmers are experiencing food insecurity. Based on the findings of the study it was recommended that there was need to encourage people owning land less than five acres to practice mixed farming, use scientific methods of farming such as intercropping, crop rotation, use fertilizers to facilitate better yields and crop diversification to improve both on their earnings and food security.
{"title":"Sugarcane Growing and the Livehoods of Small-Scale Farmers in Jinja District, Uganda","authors":"M. W. Nabalegwa, Robert Tweheyo, J. Asaba, Muhamed Waibi","doi":"10.23917/forgeo.v36i2.16279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v36i2.16279","url":null,"abstract":"This study focused on establishing the relationship between sugarcane growing and the livelihood of small-scale farmers in Jinja District. It was guided by three objectives namely: to characterize individual farmers and their farms, establish benefits from sugarcane farming to the farmer’s livelihoods and find out the effect of sugarcane growing on household food security in the area. The study adopted descriptive research design. The target population of this study were sugarcane growing households’ heads and Village Chairpersons of sugarcane out-growers association. The study employed the purposive and simple random sampling techniques. A sample size of 42 respondents from a population of 362 small-scale farmers. The methods of data collection included; use of questionnaires, interviewing, focus group discussions and observation. The study generated both qualitative and quantitative data. The data collected was analysed by computing percentages while qualitative data was analysed by coding and establishing common themes. The study findings revealed that although women are fully involved in sugarcane growing, ownership of farms is dominated by men. The dominant age group among the sugarcane farmers is between 30 to 60 years, with mainly primary education graduates. The average farm size was 3 acres and the larges part of the farm land is devoted to sugarcane growing. There are some positive benefits from sugar growing, though many challenges have been identified. Most smallholder farmers are experiencing food insecurity. Based on the findings of the study it was recommended that there was need to encourage people owning land less than five acres to practice mixed farming, use scientific methods of farming such as intercropping, crop rotation, use fertilizers to facilitate better yields and crop diversification to improve both on their earnings and food security.","PeriodicalId":31244,"journal":{"name":"Forum Geografi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75018991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v36i1.15287
Y. Saleh, H. Mahat, M. Hashim, N. Nayan, Samsudin Suhaily, Mohamad Khairul Anuar Ghazali
This article aims to measure the level of sustainability of heritage cities in Malaysia. A thousand residents of ten selected heritage cities throughout Malaysia were selected as the respondents based on the cluster sampling and simple random methods to complete the questionnaire. A Likert scale on questionnaires 1 to 5 was used to elicit feedback. Five sustainability constructs were used: economic, social, environmental, cultural heritage, and government/community role. The results showed that the items in each study construct achieved an acceptable reliability level, with a Cronbach Alpha value greater than 0.70, and also met the normality test requirements. Descriptive analyses of the frequencies, percentages, and average mean values were used to establish each construct's level of sustainability. The results of the study show that the cities that attracted high scores were Georgetown (3.94), Taiping (4.00), Melaka City (3.76), and Muar (3.71). Meanwhile, the cities that attracted moderate scores were Kuala Kubu Bharu (3.36), Jugra (3.23), Tampin (3.37), Kuala Lipis (3.28), Kota Bharu (3.65) and Kuching (3.51). The implications of this study can be used to indicate the actual situation of the level of sustainability of heritage cities and be a reference to carry out the process of improvement towards a more sustainable city by 2030.
{"title":"Sustainability Level of Heritage Cities in Malaysia","authors":"Y. Saleh, H. Mahat, M. Hashim, N. Nayan, Samsudin Suhaily, Mohamad Khairul Anuar Ghazali","doi":"10.23917/forgeo.v36i1.15287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v36i1.15287","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to measure the level of sustainability of heritage cities in Malaysia. A thousand residents of ten selected heritage cities throughout Malaysia were selected as the respondents based on the cluster sampling and simple random methods to complete the questionnaire. A Likert scale on questionnaires 1 to 5 was used to elicit feedback. Five sustainability constructs were used: economic, social, environmental, cultural heritage, and government/community role. The results showed that the items in each study construct achieved an acceptable reliability level, with a Cronbach Alpha value greater than 0.70, and also met the normality test requirements. Descriptive analyses of the frequencies, percentages, and average mean values were used to establish each construct's level of sustainability. The results of the study show that the cities that attracted high scores were Georgetown (3.94), Taiping (4.00), Melaka City (3.76), and Muar (3.71). Meanwhile, the cities that attracted moderate scores were Kuala Kubu Bharu (3.36), Jugra (3.23), Tampin (3.37), Kuala Lipis (3.28), Kota Bharu (3.65) and Kuching (3.51). The implications of this study can be used to indicate the actual situation of the level of sustainability of heritage cities and be a reference to carry out the process of improvement towards a more sustainable city by 2030.","PeriodicalId":31244,"journal":{"name":"Forum Geografi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83423769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v36i1.16093
B. Bradák, C. Gomez, Á. Kereszturi, T. Stevens
Increasing attention has been paid to multi-hazards in environmental disaster studies produced during the last decade. Multi-hazard studies focus on the occurrence, interaction and effect of several natural hazards in the same region. Despite the increasing number of multi-hazard studies, few investigations have focused on global-scale multi-hazard events. With the aim of closing this gap, our study focuses on the identification of periods during the last 1.5 million years of the Pleistocene epoch, with the quasi-parallel appearance of natural hazards (e.g., asteroid impacts and large volcanic eruptions with a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 8 and 7) amplifying their individual effects and thus causing long-term, global-scale changes. Of the seven identified potential multi-hazard events, three were considered as possible global-scale events with a longer term environmental (paleoclimatic) impact; dated to c.a., 1.4 Ma (marine isotope stage – MIS45), 1.0 Ma (MIS 27), and 100 ka (MIS 5c), respectively. Two additional periods (around 50 and 20 ka) were identified as being associated with more restricted scale multi-hazard events, which might cause a “Little Ice Age-like” climatic episode in the history of the Pleistocene Period. In addition, we present a hypothesis about the complex climatic response to a global-scale multi-hazard event consisting of a series of asteroid impacts and volcanic eruption linked to a geomagnetic polarity change, namely the Matuyama-Brunhes Boundary, which might be accompanied by global cooling and result in the final step of the Early Middle Pleistocene Transition.
在过去十年进行的环境灾害研究中，越来越多地注意到多重危害。多灾害研究关注的是同一地区几种自然灾害的发生、相互作用和影响。尽管多灾害研究越来越多，但很少有研究关注全球范围的多灾害事件。为了缩小这一差距，我们的研究侧重于确定更新世最后150万年的时期，其中自然灾害(例如小行星撞击和火山爆发指数(VEI)分别为8和7的大型火山爆发)的准平行出现放大了它们的个体影响，从而导致长期的全球尺度变化。在确定的7个潜在多灾害事件中，3个被认为可能是具有长期环境(古气候)影响的全球规模事件;其年代分别为公元1.4 Ma(海洋同位素阶段- MIS45)、1.0 Ma (MIS 27)和100 ka (MIS 5c)。另外两个时期(约50 ka和20 ka)被确定为与更有限规模的多灾害事件有关，这可能导致更新世历史上的“小冰河期”气候事件。此外，我们还提出了一个复杂的气候响应假设，该假设是由一系列小行星撞击和火山喷发组成的全球性多灾变事件与地磁极性变化有关，即Matuyama-Brunhes边界，该边界可能伴随着全球变冷，导致中更新世早期过渡的最后一步。
{"title":"Searching for potential multi-hazard events during the last 1.5 million years of the Pleistocene epoch","authors":"B. Bradák, C. Gomez, Á. Kereszturi, T. Stevens","doi":"10.23917/forgeo.v36i1.16093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v36i1.16093","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing attention has been paid to multi-hazards in environmental disaster studies produced during the last decade. Multi-hazard studies focus on the occurrence, interaction and effect of several natural hazards in the same region. Despite the increasing number of multi-hazard studies, few investigations have focused on global-scale multi-hazard events. With the aim of closing this gap, our study focuses on the identification of periods during the last 1.5 million years of the Pleistocene epoch, with the quasi-parallel appearance of natural hazards (e.g., asteroid impacts and large volcanic eruptions with a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 8 and 7) amplifying their individual effects and thus causing long-term, global-scale changes. Of the seven identified potential multi-hazard events, three were considered as possible global-scale events with a longer term environmental (paleoclimatic) impact; dated to c.a., 1.4 Ma (marine isotope stage – MIS45), 1.0 Ma (MIS 27), and 100 ka (MIS 5c), respectively. Two additional periods (around 50 and 20 ka) were identified as being associated with more restricted scale multi-hazard events, which might cause a “Little Ice Age-like” climatic episode in the history of the Pleistocene Period. In addition, we present a hypothesis about the complex climatic response to a global-scale multi-hazard event consisting of a series of asteroid impacts and volcanic eruption linked to a geomagnetic polarity change, namely the Matuyama-Brunhes Boundary, which might be accompanied by global cooling and result in the final step of the Early Middle Pleistocene Transition.","PeriodicalId":31244,"journal":{"name":"Forum Geografi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80109948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v36i1.16984
Sudaryatno Sudaryatno, J. Sumantyo, Taufik Heri Purwanto, Inti Raidah Hidayat, Maulida Allya Nasikha
The coastal area of Purworejo Regency has the potential to be hit by a mega-tsunami disaster because it includes the southern coast of Java Island which is faced with seismic gaps that may produce large earthquakes in the future. This study aims to simulate tsunami disaster mitigation in the coastal area of Purworejo Regency in an effort to raise awareness and increase the community capacity for dealing with potential tsunamis so that the level of loss can be minimized. The tsunami risk analysis is based on the Disaster Crunch model, which is a combination of vulnerability analysis based on the weighted overlay quantitative method and tsunami hazard analysis based on tsunami inundation reduction modeling and cost distance analysis. The planning of the tsunami evacuation route is based on the network analysis method. The tsunami-risk area with a run-up scenario of three meters in the coastal area of Purworejo Regency 126,29 square kilometers or about 72,52% of the total coastal area. There are five tsunami evacuation plan points, with five main tsunami evacuation routes that lead directly to each of these points.
{"title":"Simulated Mitigation of Tsunami Disasters in the Coastal Area of Purworejo Regency, Central Java, Indonesia","authors":"Sudaryatno Sudaryatno, J. Sumantyo, Taufik Heri Purwanto, Inti Raidah Hidayat, Maulida Allya Nasikha","doi":"10.23917/forgeo.v36i1.16984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v36i1.16984","url":null,"abstract":"The coastal area of Purworejo Regency has the potential to be hit by a mega-tsunami disaster because it includes the southern coast of Java Island which is faced with seismic gaps that may produce large earthquakes in the future. This study aims to simulate tsunami disaster mitigation in the coastal area of Purworejo Regency in an effort to raise awareness and increase the community capacity for dealing with potential tsunamis so that the level of loss can be minimized. The tsunami risk analysis is based on the Disaster Crunch model, which is a combination of vulnerability analysis based on the weighted overlay quantitative method and tsunami hazard analysis based on tsunami inundation reduction modeling and cost distance analysis. The planning of the tsunami evacuation route is based on the network analysis method. The tsunami-risk area with a run-up scenario of three meters in the coastal area of Purworejo Regency 126,29 square kilometers or about 72,52% of the total coastal area. There are five tsunami evacuation plan points, with five main tsunami evacuation routes that lead directly to each of these points.","PeriodicalId":31244,"journal":{"name":"Forum Geografi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73307093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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