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A Numerical Tool for Assessing Disaster Related Injuries and Personal Protective Clothing 评估灾害相关伤害和个人防护服的数值工具
Jian Wang, Xinxin Zheng, M. Fu, W. Weng, Yun Zheng
Emergency rescues often face a single or composite disaster environments, such as high temperature, fire smoke, dangerous chemical accidents, explosive, cutting, cryogenic freezing. To research the mechanism of human injury and the principle of personal protection in the disaster environments, the mathematical models of the human injury and personal protection are developed to study the injury mechanism of skin, trunk and respiratory system and the principle of personal protection. An integrated analysis software is developed to simulate the injury process of typical disaster environments to human skin, trunk and respiratory system, which can guide the development of protective materials and equipments. The software system can quickly estimate the risk degree of various disaster environments. It can evaluate protective performance of personal protective equipments, and provide guidance for emergency rescue and disposal.
应急救援往往面临单一或复合灾害环境,如高温、火灾烟雾、危险化学品事故、爆炸、切割、低温冷冻等。为研究灾害环境中人体损伤机理和人身防护原理,建立了人体损伤和人身防护数学模型,研究皮肤、躯干和呼吸系统的损伤机理和人身防护原理。开发了综合分析软件,模拟典型灾害环境对人体皮肤、躯干和呼吸系统的损伤过程,为防护材料和防护装备的研制提供指导。该软件系统可以快速估计各种灾害环境的风险程度。它可以评价个人防护装备的防护性能,为应急救援和处置提供指导。
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引用次数: 0
Surface Topographical Characteristics of Electro- Discharge Machined Ti-5Al-2.5Sn: Effects of Peak Current 放电加工Ti-5Al-2.5Sn的表面形貌特征:峰值电流的影响
Thrinadh Jadam, S. Datta, M. Masanta
In the present work, topographical study of machined Ti-5Al- 2.5Sn surface is carried out in the context of Electro-Discharge Machining (EDM). EDM experiments are conducted by varying peak discharge current. Machining performance is evaluated in purview of surface topography which includes study of crater dimension, surface roughness, surface crack density, white layer thickness, material migration, phase alteration and micro- indentation hardness. Results indicated that EDM produces disappointing surface morphology of the machined specimen. Increase in peak currents results in formation of rough surface with severe surface cracks and deposition of thick white layer. Significant transfer of carbon and copper elements is detected through EDS analysis of the machined surface. Pyrolysis of dielectric media and electrode wear promote immigration of such carbon and copper element transfer, respectively. Carbon migration at the machined surface causes precipitation of titanium carbides traced through XRD analysis. Formation of such carbides contributes to higher micro-hardness value up to certain depth beneath the machined surface. Below this hardened layer, microhardness values follow gradual truncation as distance is increased towards bulk of the parent material.
在本工作中,在电火花加工(EDM)的背景下,对加工后的Ti-5Al- 2.5Sn表面进行了形貌研究。通过改变峰值放电电流进行电火花加工实验。从表面形貌的角度对加工性能进行评价,包括凹坑尺寸、表面粗糙度、表面裂纹密度、白层厚度、材料迁移、相蚀和微压痕硬度。结果表明,电火花加工产生了令人失望的表面形貌。峰值电流增大导致表面粗糙,表面裂纹严重,形成厚的白层。通过对加工表面的EDS分析,可以检测到碳和铜元素的显著转移。介质的热解和电极的磨损分别促进了碳元素和铜元素的迁移。XRD分析表明,碳在加工表面的迁移导致了碳化钛的析出。这种碳化物的形成有助于在加工表面以下一定深度处获得较高的显微硬度值。在硬化层以下,随着与母材体的距离增加,显微硬度值逐渐截断。
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引用次数: 1
Boiler Explosion In Bangladesh: Causes, Consequences and Precautions 孟加拉国锅炉爆炸:原因、后果和预防措施
Md. Zakir Hossan, Sayeed Islam, Md. Ferdous Khan, Sayma Shammi, M. A. Amin
Bangladesh is a developing country as recognized by the United Nations. The development of industries is one of the main rationales behind this huge achievement. But the safety measures and precautionary systems for industrial hazard management is nowhere to be improved in Bangladesh. Boiler explosion has been a major setback and has lashed the industry for years due to various reasons including ignorance of officials, lack of awareness and sometimes even due to lack of proper facilities. As a matter of fact, the accountability in this sector is thin and has been worsening as time elapses. This paper looks into the cases and analyzes the reason behind the incidents that have taken place in the history of boiler explosion. After much scrutiny, this paper deciphers the ignored parameters that have led to such menaces and thus points out measures to help create awareness and prevent the cases of boiler explosion and loss of lives and property.
孟加拉国是联合国承认的发展中国家。工业的发展是这一巨大成就背后的主要原因之一。但是在孟加拉国,工业危害管理的安全措施和预防系统没有得到改善。锅炉爆炸是一个重大挫折,多年来一直困扰着该行业,原因包括官员的无知,意识的缺乏,有时甚至是由于缺乏适当的设施。事实上,这一部门的问责制很薄弱,而且随着时间的推移,问责制一直在恶化。本文对锅炉爆炸历史上发生的事故进行了调查,分析了事故发生的原因。经过仔细研究,本文破译了导致这种威胁的被忽视的参数,从而指出了有助于提高认识和防止锅炉爆炸和生命财产损失的措施。
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引用次数: 1
A Supply Chain Network Design Under Advance-Cash-Credit Payment Scheme 预付现金-信用支付方案下的供应链网络设计
Yu-Chung Tsao, Aisyah Dewi Muthi'ah, N. Arvitrida
The increase of e-commerce activities affects many aspects of supply chain decisions, including payment term alternatives. There are many variations of payment terms used in e-commerce practices. The vendor may offer the retailer a combination of several payment terms. It may consist of an advance-cash-credit (ACC) payment scheme, which means that the buyer needs to pay a fraction of the purchasing cost before he receives the item (advance payment). The other payment alternatives are enabling the buyer whether to pay some cash when the item is arrived (cash on delivery), and/or to pay the remaining purchasing cost after a credit period (credit payment). This paper investigates the effect of payment schemes on the supply chain network design. The network consists of an outside supplier, multiple DC's, and multiple retailers. The distribution centers receive an upstream ACC payment from the supplier. The problem is to determine the optimum location, allocation, as well as the inventory cycle time with the objective function of minimize total cost. A continuous approximation is used in the model development, and the concept of time value of money concept is considered. The numerical example is used to demonstrate the solution approach. This paper provides modeling approach that supply chain network designer can use as a reference.
电子商务活动的增加影响了供应链决策的许多方面,包括支付条件的选择。在电子商务实践中有许多不同的付款条件。卖方可以向零售商提供几种付款条件的组合。它可能包括预付现金信用(ACC)支付方案,这意味着买方在收到物品之前需要支付购买成本的一小部分(预付款)。其他付款选择是使买方能够在物品到达时支付一些现金(货到付款),和/或在信用期后支付剩余的购买成本(信用付款)。本文研究了支付方案对供应链网络设计的影响。该网络由一个外部供应商、多个DC和多个零售商组成。配送中心从供应商那里收到上游ACC付款。问题是在总成本最小的目标函数下确定最优的位置、配置和库存周期时间。在模型开发中采用了连续逼近,并考虑了货币概念的时间价值概念。用数值算例说明了求解方法。本文提供的建模方法可供供应链网络设计者参考。
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引用次数: 1
A Comparative Study of Object Recognition Techniques: Softmax, Linear and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis Based on Convolutional Neural Network Feature Extraction 基于卷积神经网络特征提取的Softmax、线性和二次判别分析的目标识别技术比较研究
Napol Siripibal, S. Supratid, Chaitawatch Sudprasert
This paper presents a comparison study on using softmax, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) for object recognition. The least effort is needed for hyper-parameter tuning or selection for all such three classifiers. Convolutional neural network (CNN), using feed-forward-architecture deep learning neural network is employed here for efficient feature extraction and reduction. Then, the extracted, reduced features are fed into the classification comparison. The experiments rely on a small-image CIFAR-10 dataset such that a simple, four convolutional-layer CNN architecture can possibly handle effective feature extraction with hardly over-fitting. Recognition performance evaluations rely on averages of precision, recall, F1 scores and accuracy rates, based on 10-fold cross validation for bias reduction purpose. Such performance measures are implemented under balanced as well as unbalanced --class data, respectively referred to equal and uniform-random-sampling unequal --size class dataset. The results indicate a few bits of recognition performance differences regarding F1 scores as well as accuracy rates among the CNN-LDA, CNN-QDA and CNN-softmax, where the balanced-class and unbalanced-class are separately determined. However, the lowest and the highest of the largest wrong prediction cases are generated by CNN-QDA and CNN-softmax respectively for both balanced and unbalanced-class data.
本文对softmax、线性判别分析(LDA)和二次判别分析(QDA)在目标识别中的应用进行了比较研究。这三种分类器的超参数调优或选择需要的工作量最小。本文采用卷积神经网络(CNN),采用前馈结构的深度学习神经网络进行高效的特征提取和约简。然后,将提取的约简特征输入到分类比较中。实验依赖于一个小图像CIFAR-10数据集,这样一个简单的,四卷积层CNN架构可能可以处理有效的特征提取,几乎没有过度拟合。识别性能评估依赖于准确率、召回率、F1分数和准确率的平均值,基于10倍交叉验证以减少偏倚。这些性能测量是在平衡和不平衡类数据下实现的,分别指相等和均匀随机抽样不等大小的类数据集。结果表明,在分别确定平衡类和不平衡类的CNN-LDA、CNN-QDA和CNN-softmax之间,在F1分数和准确率方面存在一些识别性能差异。然而,对于平衡类和非平衡类数据,CNN-QDA和CNN-softmax分别生成了最大错误预测案例中的最低和最高。
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引用次数: 6
Inflation and Bank Profitability: G20 Countries Banks Panel Data Analysis 通货膨胀与银行盈利能力:G20国家银行面板数据分析
Huseyin Cetin
In that research, by using panel data analysis the relationship between G20 countries banks profitabilities and G20 countries inflation rates was found for the period of 2013-2015. Fixed effect was used in the model. When panel data analysis was done for G20 countries, inflation was found to have negative impact on banks profitability. When micro analysis was done on panel data, it was observed that inflation had negative fixed effect on return on assets of developed countries banks and it was observed that inflation had positive fixed effect on return on assets of developing countries banks.
在该研究中,通过面板数据分析发现了2013-2015年期间G20国家银行盈利能力与G20国家通货膨胀率之间的关系。模型采用固定效应。在对G20国家进行面板数据分析时,发现通胀对银行盈利能力有负面影响。在对面板数据进行微观分析时,我们发现通货膨胀对发达国家银行的资产收益率具有负的固定效应,而通货膨胀对发展中国家银行的资产收益率具有正的固定效应。
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引用次数: 11
Analysis on the Differences of Capital Structure Industry of Chinese Listed Companies and Their Changing Trends 我国上市公司资本结构行业差异及变化趋势分析
Y. Jie
The capital structure of enterprises is the embodiment of enterprise financing decisions. Understanding the trend of changes in corporate capital structure is of great significance for understanding the financing behavior of enterprises. This paper uses the panel data of China's A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2017 to reveal the different capital structures of listed companies in different industries. The study found that the capital structure of listed companies in China fluctuated between 2007 and 2013, and remained at a relatively stable level from 2013 to 2017.From a macro perspective, the trend of changes in the capital structure of enterprises and the prosperity index of GDP and economic environment shows a clear consistency. It can be seen that the trend of capital structure changes of listed companies is affected by external economic environment factors. From the perspective of industry differences, the capital structure of each industry has obvious industry characteristics. There is a significant difference in the average level of capital structure between different industries, and it has universality and stability in time. Chinese listed companies should consider their own industry capital structure, the overall trend of change and its influencing factors rationally optimize its own capital structure.
企业的资本结构是企业融资决策的体现。了解企业资本结构的变化趋势,对于理解企业的融资行为具有重要意义。本文利用2007 - 2017年中国a股上市公司的面板数据,揭示了不同行业上市公司资本结构的差异。研究发现,中国上市公司资本结构在2007年至2013年期间波动较大,2013年至2017年保持在相对稳定的水平。从宏观上看,企业资本结构变化趋势与GDP景气指数和经济环境表现出明显的一致性。由此可见,上市公司资本结构变化的趋势受到外部经济环境因素的影响。从行业差异来看,各行业的资本结构具有明显的行业特征。不同行业间资本结构平均水平存在显著差异,且具有普遍性和时间稳定性。我国上市公司应综合考虑自身行业资本结构、整体变化趋势及其影响因素,合理优化自身资本结构。
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引用次数: 1
Real Time Electronic Design Automation (EDA) Scheduling System in IC Design Industry 集成电路设计行业实时电子设计自动化(EDA)调度系统
Jia-Nian Zheng, Chen-Fu Chien, Tzu-Yu Lin
Because of the global competition and short life cycle in semiconductor industry, the IC design companies try to keep their competitiveness. Besides the human resources and advanced technology, enhancing the speed of the development is important for market share and time to market. IC designers usually use electronic design automation tool to shorten and verify the development. However, the EDA tools and servers are expensive and limited. Hence, it becomes a critical problem to allocate the resources and schedule the jobs. This study aims to develop the decision support system framework for IC design job scheduling. The framework enhances the throughput and reduces waiting time. In practice, this study implements the proposed framework in an IC design service company in Taiwan as the empirical study. The empirical study reduced 77.4% of waiting time and 60% of makespan.
由于半导体产业的全球竞争和生命周期短,IC设计公司试图保持竞争力。除了人力资源和先进的技术,提高开发速度对市场份额和上市时间也很重要。集成电路设计人员通常使用电子设计自动化工具来缩短和验证开发。然而,EDA工具和服务器既昂贵又有限。因此,如何分配资源和调度作业就成为一个关键问题。本研究旨在开发集成电路设计作业调度的决策支持系统框架。该框架提高了吞吐量并减少了等待时间。在实践中,本研究以台湾一家集成电路设计服务公司为实证研究对象。实证研究减少了77.4%的等待时间和60%的总跨度。
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引用次数: 1
Reliability Analysis and Maintenance Engineering of Anti-rear Device Based on Fuzzy FMECA 基于模糊FMECA的防后装置可靠性分析与维修工程
Jingying Liu, Yang Hu
In this paper, in order to improve the comprehensive reliability of the ship and improve its maintenance engineering, the domestic anti-rear device of a marine ship in China is taken as the research.The system structure and working principle of the anti-rear device of the naval gun are analyzed. Compared with the previous FMECA method, which is difficult to obtain quantitative results after partial fuzzy description, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to improve the FMECA method to form a fuzzy FMECA method in this paper. The selection principle of reliability key parts and the quantitative risk analysis of process failure mode are given. The functional FMECA table is obtained through fault mode data analysis. The results show that the highest damage in the manufacture of the control rod is the roughness in the grinding process.It also shows that the fuzzy FMECA is effective and has a positive effect on improving the reliability of the system. Improvement measures are proposed for this failure mode,at the same time, the maintenance engineering of the anti-rear device of the naval gun is also given.
为了提高船舶的综合可靠性,改进船舶维修工程,本文以国产某型船舶防后装置为研究对象。分析了舰炮防后装置的系统结构和工作原理。针对以往FMECA方法在部分模糊描述后难以获得定量结果的问题,本文采用模糊综合评价法对FMECA方法进行改进,形成模糊FMECA方法。给出了可靠性关键部件的选择原则和过程失效模式的定量风险分析。通过故障模式数据分析得到功能FMECA表。结果表明,在控制杆的制造过程中,磨削过程中的粗糙度是最大的损伤。结果表明,模糊FMECA是有效的,对提高系统的可靠性有积极的作用。针对这种失效模式提出了改进措施,同时给出了舰炮防后装置的维修工程。
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引用次数: 0
An Application of Production Scheduling Problems with Sequence-Dependent Setup Time in a Glass Bottle Forming Process 装配时间序列相关的生产调度问题在玻璃瓶成型工艺中的应用
Chansiri Singhtaun, Thanaphat Nutchaphan
In this research, a parallel identical machine scheduling problem with sequence-dependent setup time is applied in a glass container manufacturing plant. The production scheduling program is developed to provide the optimal production schedule for 82 products with 9 identical individual section machines in a forming process with a minimum makespan objective. The machine setup time depends on the sequence of products produced. By using Visual Basic for Applications in Excel, a mathematical model is developed from input data and imported data from a database. The problem is solved by branch and cut algorithm using OpenSolver and Premium Solver. The answers from the program are translated and illustrated in terms of tables and Gantt charts that report the production sequence and total makespan. The results show that OpenSolver has the capability to solve the problem of 20 products and 4 machines, which is the maximum problem size of the case study company when using a present production plan within 3.65 hours. A new production plan or schedule for 82 products with 9 machines using Premium Solver is also proposed. The new production schedules give 4.79% lower makespan within 74.25 minutes.
本文研究了玻璃容器制造工厂中具有序列相关设置时间的并行同机调度问题。以最小完工时间为目标,为82种产品和9台相同的独立型材机在一次成形过程中提供最优生产计划。机器设置时间取决于产品的生产顺序。在Excel中使用Visual Basic for Applications,根据输入数据和从数据库中导入的数据建立数学模型。采用OpenSolver和Premium Solver进行分支割算法求解。从程序的答案被翻译和说明的表格和甘特图,报告生产顺序和总完工时间。结果表明,OpenSolver有能力在3.65小时内解决20种产品和4台机器的问题,这是案例研究公司在使用现有生产计划时的最大问题规模。利用Premium Solver对9台机器的82种产品提出了新的生产计划或进度表。新的生产计划使完工时间在74.25分钟内降低了4.79%。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Management Science and Industrial Engineering - MSIE 2019
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