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Dayak and Malay Brotherhood in the Malay Collective Memory of Post-Independence Indonesia 印尼独立后马来人集体记忆中的达亚克与马来人兄弟会
Pub Date : 2018-10-09 DOI: 10.24260/ALALBAB.V7I1.934
H. Hermansyah
Each community in the world has a past in which their existence is commonly determined by things happening in their past. To preserve their past a community needs means of transmission, among others, through oral traditions such as stories, mantra, and way of life. They inherit stories, mantra, and ways of life with values that have related meanings to their life. The heritage of these things is very important to preserve and develop the collective identity of the community. As they continue to be passed down, they become the collective memory of a community. The West Kalimantan Malay society has collective memories that are relatively inherited in the form of oral traditions and other life practices such as cultivation. Part of the collective memory has awakened them to the brotherhood with the people called Dayak today. Nevertheless, the collective memory is confronted with challenges both coming from within themselves and from the outside that may eliminate them without a better replacement.
世界上每个社区都有自己的过去,他们的存在通常由过去发生的事情决定。为了保存他们的过去,一个社区需要通过故事、咒语和生活方式等口头传统进行传播。他们继承了与他们的生活有相关意义的故事、咒语和生活方式。这些东西的遗产对于保护和发展社区的集体身份非常重要。随着它们的不断传承,它们成为一个社区的集体记忆。西加里曼丹马来社会拥有集体记忆,这些记忆以口头传统和其他生活实践(如修养)的形式相对继承。集体记忆的一部分唤醒了他们与今天被称为达亚克的人们的兄弟情谊。然而,集体记忆面临着来自内部和外部的挑战,如果没有更好的替代品,这些挑战可能会消除它们。
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引用次数: 1
Mulai Lawan Bismillah: Religiosity of the Banjar People in the Banjar Songs Composed by Anang Ardiansyah 穆莱·拉万·俾斯麦:阿南·阿迪亚斯亚创作的班珠琴歌曲中班珠琴人的宗教性
Pub Date : 2018-10-09 DOI: 10.24260/ALALBAB.V7I1.987
N. Nasrullah
Local folk songs are often only enjoyed by local people and, of course, only a few of these songs can become national songs. However, through the song called Paris Barantai composed by Anang Ardiansyah, the Banjar song can become a nationally recognized regional folk song. In addition, Anang Ardiansyah‘s other songs have a message or religious content that reflects the Islamic culture of the Banjar community. Therefore, this paper explores religious content of four songs composed by Anang Ardiansyah with the aim that the local folk songs are not only sung but reinforce the distribution of religious values and knowledge in relation to the Banjar culture. The results of this paper describe the religious practice of urang (people of) Banjar related to faith, prayer and shalawat in everyday life and the term haram menyarah (surrender is forbidden) as Banjar people's struggle doctrine depicted from the Banjar song composed by Anang Ardiansyah. Therefore, through these songs it becomes an important part of the efforts to strengthen the Banjar religious identity and religious value distribution will take place continuously.
当地的民歌通常只有当地人喜欢,当然,这些歌曲中只有少数能成为国歌。然而,通过Anang Ardiansyah创作的《Paris Barantai》这首歌,班加尔歌可以成为全国公认的地方民歌。此外,Anang Ardiansyah的其他歌曲都有信息或宗教内容,反映了班贾尔社区的伊斯兰文化。因此,本文对Anang Ardiansyah创作的四首歌曲的宗教内容进行了探讨,目的是在演唱当地民歌的同时,加强与班贾尔文化相关的宗教价值观和知识的传播。本文的研究结果描述了班贾尔人在日常生活中与信仰、祈祷和shalawat相关的宗教实践,以及Anang Ardiansyah创作的班贾尔歌曲中描述的班贾尔人的斗争教义haram menyarah(禁止投降)。因此,通过这些歌曲成为加强班杰尔族宗教认同和宗教价值分配的重要组成部分。
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引用次数: 1
Religious Violence in the Indonesian Democratic Era 印尼民主时代的宗教暴力
Pub Date : 2018-10-09 DOI: 10.24260/alalbab.v7i1.935
J. Hasse, Mega Hidayati
The Indonesian democratic era has provided hope for the growth of mutual social practices established upon diversity of ethnicity, religions, race, and inter-group relations. Yet, in the last decade, various forms of violence were often carried out on behalf of religion instead. These acts of violence were not only physical but also psychological (cultural), in the forms of discrimination, abuse, expulsion, insult, and threat. The Ahmadiyya and Shia cases, for instance, provide an outlook regarding the prevalence of violence within social practices in the community in response to differences. Why does such violence remain to occur in Indonesia?  The work finds that, aside from a ‘failed understanding of religious texts’, excessive truth claim also triggers acts of religious violence in the current era of Indonesian democracy. It is of utmost importance that people’s understanding and interpretation of differences be set straight so that any response to differences can be considered as an embryo of national power that serves as an instrument employed for uniting the people of this nation instead of disuniting them. It is also strongly indicated by the work that religious violence may be avoided by changing the understanding of the meaning of differences.
印尼民主时代为建立在种族、宗教、种族和群体间关系多样性基础上的相互社会实践的发展带来了希望。然而,在过去十年中,各种形式的暴力往往是代表宗教进行的。这些暴力行为不仅是身体上的,而且是心理上的(文化上的),表现为歧视、虐待、驱逐、侮辱和威胁。例如,Ahmadiyya和什叶派案件提供了一个关于社区中针对差异的社会实践中暴力盛行的前景。为什么这种暴力事件仍在印度尼西亚发生?研究发现,除了“对宗教文本的理解失败”之外,在当前的印尼民主时代,过度的真相主张也会引发宗教暴力行为。至关重要的是,要澄清人们对差异的理解和解释,这样对差异的任何回应都可以被视为国家力量的胚胎,成为团结而不是分裂这个国家人民的工具。这项工作也有力地表明,通过改变对差异含义的理解,可以避免宗教暴力。
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引用次数: 5
Religious Conflicts: Opportunity Structures, Group Dynamics, and Framing 宗教冲突:机会结构、群体动力和框架
Pub Date : 2018-10-09 DOI: 10.24260/ALALBAB.V7I1.961
Tomas Lindgren
Explanations of violent religious conflicts usually focus on preconditions, facilitator causes or precipitating events at micro, meso or macro levels of analysis. As social psychology is the scientific study of the ways in which thoughts, feelings, perceptions, motives, and behaviors are influenced by interactions and transactions between groups and individuals, it can increase our understanding of the dynamics of religious conflicts at micro and meso levels. In this paper, I illustrate this point with a discussion of the utility of social movement theory for understanding the dynamics of religious conflicts. Social movement theory locates religious conflicts within broader contexts and complex processes by focusing on the interplay between micro and meso factors and the ways in which people perceive macro factors. Given certain conditions, religion can and often do contribute to collective violence. Religion is rarely, if ever, the main cause of intergroup conflicts, but is often used as an instrument for the mobilization of human and non-human resources. Appeal to religion may help conflicting parties overcome the collective action problem associated with intergroup conflicts. This does not necessarily mean that religious conflicts have unique characteristics or a logic of their own that sets them apart from other types of intergroup conflicts.
对暴力宗教冲突的解释通常侧重于微观、中观或宏观分析层面的先决条件、促成因素或促成事件。由于社会心理学是对群体和个人之间的互动和交易影响思想、感受、感知、动机和行为的科学研究,它可以增加我们对微观和微观层面宗教冲突动态的理解。在本文中,我通过讨论社会运动理论对理解宗教冲突动态的效用来说明这一点。社会运动理论通过关注微观和微观因素之间的相互作用以及人们感知宏观因素的方式,将宗教冲突定位在更广泛的背景和复杂的过程中。在某些条件下,宗教可以而且经常助长集体暴力。宗教很少是群体间冲突的主要原因,但经常被用作调动人力和非人力资源的工具。诉诸宗教可以帮助冲突各方克服与群体间冲突有关的集体行动问题。这并不一定意味着宗教冲突具有独特的特征或其自身的逻辑,使其与其他类型的群体间冲突不同。
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引用次数: 4
The Involvement of Religious Leaders in Conflict Resolution within Tolaki People of Konawe District 宗教领袖参与科纳韦区Tolaki人内部冲突解决
Pub Date : 2018-10-09 DOI: 10.24260/ALALBAB.V7I1.965
E. Koodoh, Heddy Shri Ahimsa Putra, Setiadi Setiadi
This study aims to identify the various socio-cultural conditions of Tolaki people in Konawe that often engaging in inter-family conflict. The process of identifying the socio-cultural conditions leads to find the correlation between socio-cultural conditions and the types of inter-family conflicts and how they get resolved at the community level. Religious leaders are part of the efforts of solving the conflicts. In addition, this study is also aimed to determine and analyze the types of inter-family conflicts that exist and the processes for conflict resolution among families in the Tolaki in Konawe. The research data is based on two categories of informant; traditional leaders and ordinary informants that are public figures such as religious leaders, government officials within the scope of sub-district, village, and community members both at the level of individuals, families, and communities. The traditional leaders get involved in conflict resolution while public figures have experience on dealing with such conflicts and are sometime involved in a conflict. The work indicates that the conflicts in the Tolaki people take the form of closed and open conflicts. While the sources or the causes of the conflict come from tulura (speech), peowai (actions), and powaihako (behavior). The sources of the conflict then are manifested in the daily life of Tolaki people and become sisala'aineperapua (conflict in marriage), sisala'aine hapo-hapo (conflict by treasure), and conflict in social relations. Social and cultural conditions that often lead to inter-family conflicts are the difference in social strata, economic inequality, and religious differences. Tolaki People then settle their conflict through the expertise and charisma of religious and cultural leaders by the completion of melanggahako, mesokei, peohala, mombopoo'rai, sombalabu, and mosehe.
本研究旨在确定科纳韦Tolaki人经常参与家庭间冲突的各种社会文化条件。识别社会文化条件的过程会发现社会文化条件与家庭间冲突类型之间的相关性,以及如何在社区层面解决这些冲突。宗教领袖是解决冲突努力的一部分。此外,本研究还旨在确定和分析科纳韦Tolaki地区存在的家庭间冲突类型以及家庭间冲突解决过程。研究数据基于两类线人;传统领袖和普通举报人是宗教领袖、街道范围内的政府官员、村庄和社区成员等个人、家庭和社区层面的公众人物。传统领导人参与冲突解决,而公众人物有处理此类冲突的经验,有时也会卷入冲突。研究表明,托拉基人的冲突表现为封闭冲突和开放冲突。而冲突的来源或原因来自于tulura(言语)、peowai(行动)和powaihako(行为)。冲突的根源表现在托拉基人的日常生活中,并成为婚姻冲突、财富冲突和社会关系冲突。经常导致家庭间冲突的社会和文化条件是社会阶层的差异、经济不平等和宗教差异。托拉基人通过宗教和文化领袖的专业知识和魅力,通过完成melanggahako、mesokei、peohala、mombopoo'rai、somalabu和mosehe,解决了他们的冲突。
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引用次数: 1
Christian Torajan Youth in Perceiving Aluk To Dolo 基督教托拉詹青年对阿鲁克到多洛的感知
Pub Date : 2018-10-09 DOI: 10.24260/ALALBAB.V7I1.985
Erin Gayatri
The fascinating influence of world religion has given important impact to the existence of indigenous religion such as Aluk To Dolo within the life of the Christian Torajan Youth who live in Yogyakarta. Aluk To Dolo as one of indigenous religions in Indonesia, in fact, is almost in the position of weak as its followers are decreasing in its region of origin, Tanah Toraja of Sulawesi. It is found that only one leader is still remaining in Toraja accompanied by the practice of Rambu Solo which is also still being maintained in the region. This work is based on the view of the youth toward Alok To Dolo as the youth play an important role to determine and negotiate the inheritance of their religion including indigenous religion within their life. This article examines how Christian Torajan Youth perceive Christianity and Aluk To Dolo. Data collection is conducted through depth interview and focused group discussion with a group of Christian Torajan Youth members who stay in Yogyakarta for their studies. They are affiliated to Torajan student organizations and Torajan tribal church in Yogyakarta. This work concludes that Torajan students perceive the Aluk To Dolo as pendamping agama or the companion of religion they practice (Christianity) besides perceiving it as their cultural home base. In other words, they mean the Aluk To Dolo for cultural practices supporting their Christianity practice in their life. It is also found that the decreasing of the practice of Alok To Dolo by the students is more caused by three factors including the distance to the origin land, the influence from the Toraja tribal church, and the literatures having influence in their believe. As student, although the Christian Torajan youth are close and more influenced by literatures in Christianity (church), they also practice the teachings of the local religion to keep their cultural identity.
世界宗教的迷人影响对土著宗教的存在产生了重要影响,例如生活在日惹的基督教Torajan青年中的Aluk to Dolo。Aluk To Dolo作为印度尼西亚的土著宗教之一,实际上几乎处于弱势地位,因为它的信徒在其原籍地区苏拉威西的Tanah Toraja正在减少。据发现,托拉贾只剩下一名首领,同时在该区域仍保持着兰布独奏的做法。这项工作是基于青年对Alok To Dolo的看法,因为青年在决定和谈判他们的宗教遗产方面发挥着重要作用,包括他们生活中的土著宗教。这篇文章检视托拉扬青年基督徒如何看待基督教和阿卢克托多洛。数据收集是通过深度访谈和重点小组讨论与一组基督徒托拉扬青年成员留在日惹学习进行的。他们隶属于日惹的托拉扬学生组织和托拉扬部落教堂。这项研究的结论是,托拉扬学生将阿卢克托多洛视为他们信仰的宗教(基督教)的伴侣,而不是将其视为他们的文化基础。换句话说,他们指的是Aluk To Dolo的文化习俗,在他们的生活中支持他们的基督教实践。研究还发现,学生Alok To Dolo实践的减少更多地是由与原籍地的距离、托拉贾部落教堂的影响和对其信仰有影响的文献三个因素造成的。作为学生,虽然托拉扬的基督徒青年与基督教(教会)的文献关系密切,受到更多的影响,但他们也实践当地宗教的教义,以保持他们的文化身份。
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引用次数: 4
Heterogeneous Islam as a Cultural Identity of Multicultural ­Communities in the Suburbs of Pontianak 异质伊斯兰教作为蓬蒂亚纳克郊区多元文化社区的文化特征
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.24260/ALALBAB.V7I1.1094
Y. Yusriadi, Imron Muttaqin
This article discusses the variant of Islam that lives in a multicultural society in the Sungai Ambawang area in the suburbs of Pontianak City, West Kalimantan. In the Javanese, Bugis, Malay and Madurese communities, Islam has served as an important element in the formation of their cultural identity, thus causing them to be synonymous with the Islamic community. Islamic elements that are used and have become part of the culture of society include the choice of Islamic dates such as the Hijri month in determining the time of cultural activities, the use of Al-fitihah and several other verses from the Qur’an as well as shalawat and prayer, the use of mosques as a center of cultural activities and the involvement of Islamic religious leaders in traditional ceremonies. The use of these elements has become a hallmark of the community culture and its form has been preserved until today.
本文讨论了生活在西加里曼丹Pontianak市郊区Sungai Ambawang地区的多元文化社会中的伊斯兰教变体。在爪哇人、武吉人、马来人和马杜罗人社区中,伊斯兰教是形成其文化认同的重要因素,因此使他们成为伊斯兰社区的代名词。使用并已成为社会文化一部分的伊斯兰元素包括选择伊斯兰日期,如确定文化活动时间的回历月,使用《古兰经》中的Al-fitihah和其他几节经文以及sharawat和祈祷,使用清真寺作为文化活动的中心,以及伊斯兰宗教领袖参与传统仪式。这些元素的使用已成为社区文化的标志,其形式一直保存到今天。
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引用次数: 2
Religious-Based Higher Education Institution and Human Resource Development: A Case Study of Universitas Pesantren Tinggi Darul Ulum Jombang (UNIBDU) 基于宗教的高等教育机构与人力资源开发——以北京师范大学为例
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.24260/ALALBAB.V7I1.962
S. Ma’arif
The role of higher education is very crucial in developing human resource because it is a future investment which has great effect on the improvement of real sector. Higher education is proven to be an effective agent of social change. In human resource management, the role of higher education is embodied in community service program which is more known as “Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi” including acquisition, transmission and application. Human Resource management is basic administrative description or educational management based on a series of interrelated processes in guiding the behavior of individuals as the member of an organization in order to achieve its goals. The process can be identified as follows: planning, compensation, recruitment, selection, induction, appraisal, development, maintenance, performance, security, integration, and information.
高等教育在人力资源开发中的作用是至关重要的,因为它是一种未来的投资,对实体经济的发展有很大的影响。高等教育已被证明是社会变革的有效推动者。在人力资源管理中,高等教育的作用体现在社区服务项目上,更被称为“三法教规”,包括获取、传播和应用。人力资源管理是基于一系列相互关联的过程的基本行政描述或教育管理,以指导个人作为组织成员的行为,以实现其目标。该过程可识别如下:计划、薪酬、招聘、选拔、诱导、评估、发展、维护、绩效、安全、集成和信息。
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引用次数: 0
Practicing Ihsan with Tasawuf Amaliyah
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.24260/ALALBAB.V7I1.959
A. Fuad
Moch. Djamaluddin Ahmad, Tasawuf Amaliyah, Jombang: Februari, 2018Practicing Ihsan with Tasawuf AmaliyahAs Islam is spread out by the Prophet of Muhammad (Peace be Upon Him: PbUH) for the seeks of becoming the blessing for the universe (raḥmatan lil ‘ālamīn), Islam offers three main pillars namely iman, islam, and ihsan. The first pillar of iman consisting of its principles (rukun) is the manifestation of the belief of a believer which is known as theology (akidah). The second pillar of Islam together with its five principles is the manifestation of the practice of Islamic teaching (syariat). And the third pillar of ikhsan is the essence of the practicing of the values of Allah the almighty God and the values of the worshipers as later known as hakikat. 
Moch。Djamaluddin Ahmad,Tasawuf Amaliyah,Jombang:2018年2月18日与Tasawuv Amaliyah一起练习Ihsan伊斯兰教由穆罕默德的先知传播(愿他平安:PbUH),以寻求成为宇宙的祝福(raḥmatan lilālamīn),伊斯兰教提供了三大支柱,即伊曼、伊斯兰教和伊赫桑。iman的第一个支柱由其原则组成(rukun)是信徒信仰的表现,这被称为神学(akidah)。伊斯兰教的第二个支柱及其五项原则是伊斯兰教学实践的体现。ikhsan的第三根支柱是实践全能的真主的价值观和后来被称为hakikat的崇拜者的价值观的精髓。
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引用次数: 0
Religious Harmony Within Ahmadiyah Community: (Study of Living Qur'an and the Peace Construction in the Village of Gondrong Kenanga 阿赫玛底亚群体的宗教和谐:贡德鲁克南加村《古兰经》生活与和平建设研究
Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.24260/alalbab.v6i2.725
Adrika Fithrotul Aini
In the midst of intolerant attitudes toward Ahmadiyah, the community of Ahmadiyah in Gondrong Kenanga present as a villagers that value diversity. Not only Ahmadiyah followers but also many other groups live in the village, such as Muslims affiliated to NU, Muhammadiyah, and other groups of religious believers. Interstingly, in everyday life they are able to protect themselve from getting involved in conflict and creating a peaceful and harmonious life. Harmony in the village Gondrong appears in at least two forms including in the pattern of inter-community relations in the environment and in daily life interction of people reflected in the social environment. Gondrong Ahmadiyah community is actively involved in various social activities that promote tolerance, cooperation, and solidarity. The work aims at getting the concept of peace in the Ahmadiyah community in Gondrong Kenanga. This study also examines the living Qur’an regarding the understanding of the concept of pluralism and harmony within Ahmadiyah members. This work is based on a field research project on the phenomenon of living Qur’an studies that examines the understanding of the Islamic teaching on diversity by the Jamaah Ahmadiyah Indonesia of Gondrong-kenanga (JAIG), and also the construction of peace which is practiced in their daily life.
在对Ahmadiyah的不宽容态度中,Gondrong Kenanga的Ahmadiyah社区作为一个重视多样性的村民呈现出来。村子里不仅住着阿赫玛迪亚教派的信徒,还有许多其他教派,如隶属于NU的穆斯林、穆罕默德教派和其他宗教信徒团体。有趣的是,在日常生活中,他们能够保护自己不卷入冲突,创造一个和平和谐的生活。村社和谐至少表现为两种形式,一是环境中社区间关系的形态,二是社会环境中人们日常生活交往的反映。Gondrong Ahmadiyah社区积极参与各种促进宽容、合作和团结的社会活动。这项工作的目的是在Gondrong Kenanga的Ahmadiyah社区获得和平的概念。本研究还考察了活的古兰经中关于Ahmadiyah成员对多元主义和和谐概念的理解。这项工作是基于一个实地研究项目的基础上,实地研究古兰经研究的现象,该项目考察了印度尼西亚Jamaah Ahmadiyah的Gondrong-kenanga (JAIG)对伊斯兰教多样性教义的理解,以及他们在日常生活中实践的和平建设。
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引用次数: 1
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