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Le système-monde Wallerstein 沃勒斯坦世界体系
Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.4000/SOCIO.10854
S. Dufoix, Yves-David Hugot
Immanuel Wallerstein, disparu a l’ete 2019, est tres largement reconnu pour sa theorisation d’un cadre d’analyse de l’histoire du capitalisme et de son expansion mondiale depuis le xvie siecle (le systeme-monde moderne). On ne saurait cependant reduire son œuvre a cet aspect. Sociologue et africaniste de formation, il fut aussi un fervent defenseur d’une science sociale historique englobante et moins marquee par les oppositions entre disciplines. Observateur attentif de l’histoire et de l’epistemologie des sciences sociales, il devint l’un des pourfendeurs de l’eurocentrisme de ces dernieres. Partageant sa vie de chercheur entre les Etats-Unis et la France, il noua egalement des contacts approfondis avec des auteurs non occidentaux defendant une vision alternative. Dans son ensemble, sa production academique et engagee offre egalement des pistes pour comprendre le monde actuel et celui de demain.
伊曼纽尔·沃勒斯坦(Immanuel Wallerstein)于2019年夏天去世,因其对16世纪以来资本主义历史及其全球扩张(现代世界体系)的理论分析框架而广受认可。然而,他的工作不能减少到这一方面。作为一名受过训练的社会学家和非洲主义者,他也是一门历史社会科学的坚定捍卫者,这门历史社会科学具有包容性,不太受学科间对立的影响。作为社会科学历史和认识论的敏锐观察者,他成为后者欧洲中心主义的捍卫者之一。在美国和法国之间分享他的研究生活时,他还与捍卫另一种观点的非西方作家进行了广泛接触。总的来说,他的学术和引人入胜的作品也为理解当今世界和未来世界提供了线索。
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引用次数: 0
Variations sur la systématique mertonienne de la théorie sociologique 社会学理论中默顿系统的变化
Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.4000/SOCIO.11369
Arnaud Saint-Martin
Le statut et les fonctions de la theorie sociologique sont d’inevitables sujets de discussion dans la discipline. Rien d’etonnant a cela, puisqu’il en va de la scientificite de cette derniere, de son ambition a monter en generalite et a unifier aussi. Cet article vise a actualiser cette problematique a partir des propositions faites par Robert K. Merton, lesquelles n’ont rien perdu de leur pertinence. La perspective « systematique » que le sociologue introduit dans Social Theory and Social Structure (1949) permet ainsi d’evaluer les pretentions theoriques de meme qu’elle stimule une forme de reflexivite. Elle rafraichit egalement l’exercice de l’interpretation theorique, sans verser dans le culte de la theorie a distance du travail empirique. Enfin, elle rend attentif a la cumulativite dans l’ordre des savoirs sur la societe. Systematiser la systematique, tel est donc le chemin que nous proposons d’emprunter ici, sans rien cacher des difficultes qu’une telle demarche ne manque pas de soulever.
社会学理论的地位和功能是该学科不可避免的讨论主题。这并不令人惊讶,因为这是后者的科学性,它的雄心壮志,它的普遍性和统一性。本文旨在根据罗伯特·K·默顿(Robert K.Merton)提出的建议更新这一问题,这些建议没有失去任何相关性。社会学家在《社会理论和社会结构》(1949年)中引入的“系统”视角允许评估理论假设,并刺激一种反思形式。它还刷新了理论解释的实践,而不沉迷于远离经验工作的理论崇拜。最后,它关注社会知识秩序中的累积性。因此,系统化系统化是我们建议在这里走的道路,而不会掩盖这种方法所带来的困难。
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引用次数: 1
Immanuel Wallerstein’s lasting impact on the field of world history 伊曼纽尔·沃勒斯坦对世界历史领域的持久影响
Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.4000/SOCIO.11049
E. Vanhaute
In this paper I discuss the deep impact of Immanuel Wallerstein’s work on the vibrant field of world and global history. I focus on the questions of scale, ambition, and convergence and divergence. I conclude with some epistemological reflections on the challenges and limits of a world-historical perspective.
在本文中,我将讨论伊曼纽尔·沃勒斯坦的著作对充满活力的世界史和全球史领域的深刻影响。我关注的是规模、雄心、趋同与分化的问题。最后,我对世界历史观点的挑战和局限性进行了一些认识论上的反思。
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引用次数: 0
Agency in intersectionality. Towards a method for studying the situatedness of action 跨部门机构。走向一种研究行动情境性的方法
Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.4000/SOCIO.11329
P. Rebughini
The aim of this article is to offer a reflection on intersectionality as an analytical tool to investigate agency as a situated form of subjective action. In this article, the reference to intersectionality will be considered a useful epistemological and methodological tool to investigate a double specific characteristic of agency: the capability of the subject to deal with relevant social categorizations, such as gender or ethnicity; and situated agency, as a temporary subjective synthesis of the social reality, in contrast to the continuous flux of social life experienced as it changes over time.
本文的目的是提供对交叉性的反思,作为一种分析工具来研究作为主观行为的一种情境形式的代理。在本文中,对交叉性的提及将被视为一种有用的认识论和方法论工具,用于研究代理的双重特定特征:主体处理相关社会分类(如性别或种族)的能力;而情境代理,作为社会现实的一种暂时的主观合成,与随着时间的变化而经历的不断变化的社会生活形成对比。
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引用次数: 2
Immanuel Wallerstein : La quête pour ouvrir les sciences sociales 伊曼纽尔·沃勒斯坦:寻求开放社会科学
Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.4000/SOCIO.11129
J. Caraça
Ce texte presente une description du contexte, des idees et des objectifs qui ont conduit a la constitution et au fonctionnement de la Commission Gulbenkian sur la restructuration des sciences sociales, presidee par Immanuel Wallerstein. Il decrit la maniere dont ce dernier a œuvre pour arriver a un rapport final, qui a ete publie en anglais en 1996 et immediatement suivi par des traductions publiees dans 24 langues differentes. Le rapport s’intitulait Open the Social Sciences et son impact fut enorme. La plupart des discussions qu’il a suscitees ont ete tres ouvertes, dans l’esprit dans lequel la Commission Gulbenkian souhaitait qu’elles se poursuivent. La realisation intellectuelle du rapport est une indication claire de l’enthousiasme, de la vision et du leadership d’Immanuel Wallerstein.
本文描述了导致伊曼纽尔·沃勒斯坦(Immanuel Wallerstein)担任主席的古尔本基安社会科学重组委员会成立和运作的背景、想法和目标。他描述了他编写最后报告的方式,该报告于1996年以英文出版,随后立即以24种不同语言出版了译本。这份名为《开放社会科学》的报告产生了巨大影响。他提出的大多数讨论都是非常公开的,符合古尔本基安委员会希望继续进行的精神。报告的智力实现清楚地表明了伊曼纽尔·沃勒斯坦的热情、远见和领导力。
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引用次数: 0
Knowledge in an age of transition 转型时代的知识
Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.4000/SOCIO.11074
Gennaro Ascione
Immanuel Wallerstein was one among those social scientists who constantly confront their analyses of the structures of injustice and inequality with the problem of the future. As a modern thinker, he provided rationalized forms of forecasting that proved correct previsions. He was right in anticipating the timing and configuration of the age of transition we are currently living, particularly as much as the pandemics informs global historical change and functions as a new social regulator across different arenas. Wallerstein engaged in the future as an expert as well as a public intellectual concerned about the present of world politics. This attitude is coherent with his understanding of global historical social change. For involving social theory into public debate may inform culture through knowledge and participate into ongoing transformations, in order to move towards a less unjust and less unequal world. This tension towards the future calls for a deep understanding of the political and transformative role of social theory in this age of transition, which can occur through the intellectual transgression of the spatiotemporal borders of modernity wherein social theory has given legitimacy to its own epistemological foundations.
伊曼纽尔·沃勒斯坦(Immanuel Wallerstein)是那些不断把对不公正和不平等结构的分析与未来问题相结合的社会科学家之一。作为一名现代思想家,他提供了合理化的预测形式,证明了正确的预测。他正确地预测了我们目前所处的过渡时代的时机和结构,特别是鉴于大流行病为全球历史变化提供了信息,并在不同领域发挥了新的社会调节作用。沃勒斯坦从事未来作为一个专家和公共知识分子关心世界政治的现状。这种态度与他对全球历史社会变迁的理解是一致的。因为将社会理论纳入公共辩论可以通过知识为文化提供信息,并参与正在进行的变革,从而走向一个不那么不公正和不平等的世界。这种面向未来的张力要求我们深刻理解社会理论在这个转型时代的政治和变革作用,这可能是通过对现代性时空边界的智力越界而发生的,在这种越界中,社会理论赋予了其自身认识论基础的合法性。
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引用次数: 1
Inclusive educational environment in Zaporizhzhia region: results of pilot project implementation 区域全纳教育环境:试点实施结果
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.26565/2218-2470-2021-11-07
Social work in inclusive education is to create conditions for the educational process in which a child with a disability can acquire basic knowledge, skills, social interaction and feedback skills, receive psychological, socio-educational and, if necessary, legal support to meeting their needs. The role of the social worker in the school is leading and undisputed. But modernity requires constant improvement of skills and advanced training. The purpose of the social worker at school is to create a special environment among children. The feedback of a social worker is to overcome fears and prejudices, promote friendships, mutual respect and understanding among students, and improve the cognitive, motor, speech, social, and emotional development of children. The most pressing issue of today’s education system is inclusive education for children with disabilities in a single educational space. Each country has its own experience of special education for children and has gone through a different path from integration to inclusion. Today, in modern Ukraine, the education system is being transformed, the model of inclusive education is gaining wide significance and a new pattern of its development. Attempts to form an inclusive education system have not yet yielded significant results, which is manifested in the constant division of children into «normal majority» and «backward minority». In Ukraine, children with disabilities have long been isolated from their peers. Boarding schools or individual learning provide knowledge, but take away the opportunity to communicate, hinder the socialization of such pupils. This article provides a brief analysis of the pilot project, in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Education and Science dated 15.07.2016 № 836 «On conducting a scientific and pedagogical experiment «Development of an inclusive environment in the Zaporozhye region». Building an effective system of inclusive education in Ukraine is possible on the basis of the interaction of various factors, first of all, strengthening the financing of education, improving its regulatory support, improving the methodological and staffing of inclusive education. The results of the work can be used in further research on this problem.
全纳教育中的社会工作是为教育过程创造条件,使残疾儿童能够获得基本知识、技能、社会交往和反馈技能,并获得心理、社会教育和必要时的法律支持,以满足他们的需要。社会工作者在学校中的作用是领导的和无可争议的。但现代化需要不断提高技能和高级培训。学校社工的目的是为孩子们创造一个特殊的环境。社工的反馈是克服恐惧和偏见,促进学生之间的友谊,相互尊重和理解,并改善儿童的认知,运动,言语,社交和情感发展。当今教育系统最紧迫的问题是在单一教育空间中为残疾儿童提供全纳教育。每个国家都有自己的特殊儿童教育经验,经历了从融合到包容的不同道路。今天,在现代乌克兰,教育体制正在转型,全纳教育模式正在获得广泛的意义,并成为一种新的发展模式。形成全纳教育体系的尝试尚未取得显著成果,这表现在不断将儿童划分为“正常多数”和“落后少数”。在乌克兰,残疾儿童长期以来一直与同龄人隔绝。寄宿学校或个人学习提供了知识,但剥夺了交流的机会,阻碍了这类学生的社会化。本文根据教育和科学部2016年7月15日№836“关于开展科学和教学实验”扎波罗热地区包容性环境的发展”的命令,对试点项目进行了简要分析。在乌克兰建立一个有效的全纳教育体系是多种因素相互作用的基础上可能的,首先是加强教育的资金投入,改善其监管支持,改进全纳教育的方法和人员配备。本文的研究结果可用于该问题的进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
The features of communication in social work in the convention of the Сovid-19 pandemic Сovid-19大流行公约中社会工作沟通的特点
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.26565/2218-2470-2021-11-02
The article presents the study of communication as a way of interpersonal and intergroup interaction, as a source of human activity, which is manifested in the search for information, communication of their thoughts, experiences and ways to communicate for help. The role of social communication in modern society is studied. The article emphasizes the growing role of social work in crisis situations in society as a resource that contains timely, professional, reliable information. The article presents information how the communicative process has changed within social work in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic: the transition to remote communication, the emergence of new «pandemic» functions in the activities of specialists, the emergence of new and exacerbation of old social problems. Statistics are provided on social workers who work in an enhanced mode during the quarantine period for the provision of social services (material, psychological, legal aid) to clients. These are especially client groups such as the elderly, war and labor veterans, people with special needs, children and other vulnerable groups. The authors draw attention to the fact that under conditions of quarantine restrictions, some traditional sources of communication have lost their effectiveness and relevance, however, the need for information has increased significantly. There are several areas of communicative interaction, which are becoming increasingly relevant in social work: the creation of online communities, on-line paperwork, on-line consultations, training, supervision and others.
本文将交际研究作为人际交往和群体间交往的一种方式,作为人类活动的一种来源,表现为寻找信息、交流思想、交流经验和寻求帮助的方式。研究了社会交往在现代社会中的作用。文章强调社会工作作为一种及时、专业、可靠的信息资源,在社会危机情境中扮演着越来越重要的角色。本文介绍了在Covid-19大流行背景下社会工作中的沟通过程如何发生变化:向远程沟通的过渡,专家活动中新的“大流行”功能的出现,新的和旧的社会问题的出现和恶化。提供了在隔离期间以强化模式为客户提供社会服务(物质、心理和法律援助)的社会工作者的统计数据。特别是老年人、战争和劳动退伍军人、有特殊需要的人、儿童和其他弱势群体。提交人提请注意,在检疫限制的条件下,一些传统的传播来源已经失去了效力和相关性,然而,对信息的需求却大大增加了。在社会工作中,有几个交流互动的领域正变得越来越重要:创建在线社区、在线文书工作、在线咨询、培训、监督等等。
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引用次数: 0
«Sociology» and «History of Sociology» for «Social work»: to the conceptualization of sociological component education 《社会学》和《社会工作》的《社会学史》:社会学成分教育的概念化
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.26565/2218-2470-2021-11-01
The article proposes a review and substantiation of the conceptual foundations of the study of sociology within the framework of the Educational Programme «Social work» at the sociological faculty of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. The relevance of such a statement of the problem is associated with a discussion of the definition of the purpose of this educational program and its features, which consist, in particular, in in-depth training in sociology. Based on the characteristics and features of the educational program, the article formulates the initial provisions that guide the conceptualization of its sociological component, in particular, the nature of the discipline, the main direction of the sociological component of training, its central concept and requirements for the structure. Thematic priorities in teaching courses in «Sociology» and «History of Sociology» within the framework of the Social Work educational program have been determined. The substantiation of the conceptual foundations and thematic structure of the course «History of Sociology» is presented. In particular, the main questions have been identified that the course should answer and, accordingly, the historical and sociological material was selected. Reorientation from methodological to ontological features of sociological theorizing is substantiated. A method of paradigmatic unification of sociological concepts for effective understanding by students of the essence of sociological thinking has been chosen. The main sections of the course are characterized and its thematic structure is presented. The thematic plan of the course «Sociology» as an element of the sociological component of the educational program «Social work» is proposed and its differences from the thematic structure of the sociology course for non-core audiences are argued. By referring to the psychological, pedagogical and didactic aspects, the author describes the introduction of an appropriate system of methods of teaching, learning, support and assessment of educational activities within the framework of the courses «Sociology» and «History of Sociology».
本文在哈尔科夫国立卡拉津大学社会学学院“社会工作”教育计划的框架内,对社会学研究的概念基础进行了回顾和证实。这种对问题的陈述的相关性与对这一教育计划的目的及其特征的定义的讨论有关,特别是包括社会学的深入培训。本文根据教育项目的特点和特点,制定了指导其社会学组成部分概念化的初步规定,特别是学科性质、培养社会学组成部分的主要方向、其核心概念和结构要求。在社会工作教育计划的框架内,已经确定了“社会学”和“社会学历史”课程的主题优先级。提出了概念基础和课程«社会学历史»主题结构的实证。特别是,已经确定了课程应该回答的主要问题,因此选择了历史和社会学材料。社会学理论化的方法论特征向本体论特征的重新定位得到了证实。为了使学生有效地理解社会学思想的本质,选择了社会学概念的范式统一方法。课程的主要部分的特点,并提出了其主题结构。本文提出了“社会学”课程的专题计划,作为教育计划“社会工作”的社会学组成部分的一个要素,并讨论了它与针对非核心受众的社会学课程的专题结构的区别。通过参考心理学、教育学和教学方面,作者描述了在“社会学”和“社会学历史”课程框架内引入一套适当的教学、学习、支持和评估教育活动的方法系统。
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引用次数: 0
Prison, genre et féminismes, du Nord aux Amériques : des sentiers battus aux sentiers à défricher 监狱、性别和女权主义,从北方到美洲:从人迹罕至的道路
Pub Date : 2020-11-19 DOI: 10.4000/socio.10676
C. Constant
Cet article propose d’examiner les apports theoriques et epistemologiques des feminismes du Nord et des Suds aux etudes sur la prison et le genre. Il y a pres de cinquante ans, les scientifiques francaises et etasuniennes ont pose des regards critiques et novateurs sur la prison comme champ d’etude ; or, la richesse de leurs apports ne rendait compte que de leurs propres contextes. C’est ainsi que divers courants feministes etasuniens et latino-americains se positionnerent face au feminisme hegemonique blanc et ouvrirent de nouvelles pistes de recherche pour etudier la relation entre genre et prison, et approfondir ce champ de connaissance dans leurs contextes particuliers.
本文旨在探讨北方和南方女性主义对监狱和性别研究的理论和认识论贡献。近50年前,法国和美国的科学家对监狱作为一个研究领域提出了批判性和创新的观点;然而,他们贡献的丰富性只反映了他们自己的背景。因此,美国和拉丁美洲的各种女权主义思潮将自己定位于霸权的白人女权主义,并为研究性别与监狱之间的关系开辟了新的研究途径,并在各自的背景下深化这一知识领域。
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引用次数: 0
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