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The Impact of Work Ethics on Performance Using Job Satisfaction and Affective Commitment as Mediating Variables: Evidences from Lecturers in Central Java 以工作满意度和情感承诺为中介变量的职业道德对绩效的影响:来自中爪哇讲师的证据
Pub Date : 2013-09-30 DOI: 10.22164/ISEA.V7I3.108
A. Wahyudi, T. Haryono, Asri Laksmi Riyani, Mugi Harsono
The objective of this study is to examine the impact of work ethics on performance using job satisfaction and affective commitment as mediating variables. The variables used include the dimensions of multidimensional work ethic profile (independent variable), job satisfaction and affective commitment (mediating variables), and performance (dependent variable). The survey research design was applied to meet the objective of this study, with 400 questionnaires had been sent to the lecturers in Central Java. The Structural Equation Model (SEM) was adopted to test some hypotheses developed in this study. The findings, based on the response rate of 76% (304 of the 400) of the questionnaires successfully collected and ready for analysis, are that not all dimensions of multidimensional work ethic profile directly influence the task performance, of the dimensions of  multidimensional work ethic profile, only the dimension of hard work directly and significantly influence the task performance, job satisfaction mediates some of the dimensions of multidimensional work ethic profile on the task performance, and affective commitment do not mediate the influence of all dimensions of multidimensional work ethic profile on the task performance.
本研究以工作满意度和情感承诺为中介变量,探讨职业道德对绩效的影响。使用的变量包括多维职业道德概况(自变量)、工作满意度和情感承诺(中介变量)和绩效(因变量)三个维度。为了达到本研究的目的,采用了调查研究设计,向中爪哇的讲师发送了400份问卷。采用结构方程模型(SEM)对研究中提出的一些假设进行检验。根据成功收集并准备分析的400份问卷中76%(304份)的回复率,研究结果表明,并非多维职业道德档案的所有维度都直接影响任务绩效,在多维职业道德档案的维度中,只有努力工作的维度直接显著影响任务绩效。工作满意度介导了多维职业道德档案的部分维度对任务绩效的影响,情感承诺不介导多维职业道德档案所有维度对任务绩效的影响。
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引用次数: 8
Success Factors for Clean Development Mechanism Implementation in Malaysia 马来西亚实施清洁发展机制的成功因素
Pub Date : 2013-09-30 DOI: 10.22164/ISEA.V7I3.109
Say Keat Ooi, A. Amran, Zainorfarah Zainuddin
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), established under the Kyoto Protocol, is one of the market-based mechanisms developed to assist industrialized countries mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, achieve emission reduction targets, and at the same time promote sustainable development in developing countries. The CDM, which provides flexibility and costeffectiveness in meeting GHG emission reduction targets, has captured interest globally. CDM implementation is expected to generate benefits, give developing countries a sense of ownership, and share the global load in tackling global warming and climate change. However, CDM implementation faces several complications. The successful participation of developing countries in emission reduction projects presents ongoing challenges, which inhibit their drive towards sustainable development goals. Through a comprehensive review of the literature and theoretical analysis, several factors have been identified as significant to successful CDM implementation in Malaysia. These success factors, which include regulation and a legal framework, competitive advantage, green supply chain, ethical values, financial benefits, and technology transfer, are presented and the importance of each factor is discussed.
清洁发展机制(CDM)是根据《京都议定书》建立的以市场为基础的机制之一,旨在帮助工业化国家减少温室气体排放,实现减排目标,同时促进发展中国家的可持续发展。清洁发展机制为实现温室气体减排目标提供了灵活性和成本效益,引起了全球的兴趣。清洁发展机制的实施有望产生效益,给发展中国家一种主人翁意识,并分担应对全球变暖和气候变化的全球责任。然而,清洁发展机制的实施面临着一些复杂的问题。发展中国家成功参与减排项目带来了持续的挑战,阻碍了它们实现可持续发展目标的动力。通过对文献和理论分析的全面回顾,确定了马来西亚成功实施清洁发展机制的几个重要因素。这些成功因素包括监管和法律框架、竞争优势、绿色供应链、道德价值观、财务利益和技术转让,并讨论了每个因素的重要性。
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引用次数: 1
How Use of knowledge, Skills and Cognition Enhance Board Performance in Nigerian market: A SEM-Approach 知识、技能和认知的运用如何提高尼日利亚市场的董事会绩效:sem方法
Pub Date : 2013-09-30 DOI: 10.22164/isea.v7i3.107
Bashir T. Mande
This research aims to take steps towards explaining behavioral principle-based board process as factors for effective board performance. Dominant rule-based board structure approach could not transform effective corporate functioning, thus inconclusive. Based on a survey perception of 154 respondents from Nigerian capital market participants, the study employs confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. Other studies used EFA and in developed nations. Replicates and builds upon board process constructs - cognitive conflict, effort norms, use of knowledge and skills, and groupthink. The study concludes that the items are valid measures of the latent constructs and significantly relate to board performance. The paper links corporate governance debates to broader behavioral choices in agency perspective and employs CFA and SEM as alternative approach for the measurement and structural models, in place of the usual exploratory factor analysis (EFA).
本研究旨在采取步骤解释基于行为原则的董事会过程是有效董事会绩效的因素。占主导地位的基于规则的董事会结构方法无法改变有效的公司运作,因此不具有结论性。基于对尼日利亚资本市场参与者的154名受访者的调查感知,该研究在结构方程建模(SEM)方法中采用验证性因子分析(CFA)。其他研究使用了全民教育,并在发达国家进行。复制并建立在董事会过程结构的基础上——认知冲突、努力规范、知识和技能的使用以及群体思维。研究结果表明,这些项目是潜在构念的有效测量,与董事会绩效显著相关。本文将公司治理辩论与代理视角下更广泛的行为选择联系起来,并采用CFA和SEM作为测量和结构模型的替代方法,取代了通常的探索性因素分析(EFA)。
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引用次数: 1
Determinant Factors of Corporate Social Disclosures in Indonesia 印尼企业社会信息披露的决定因素
Pub Date : 2013-06-30 DOI: 10.22164/ISEA.V7I2.78
J. Gunawan
Indonesia as one of the big developing countries has been responding rapidly to the issue of Corporate Social Disclosure (CSD). This can be seen from the CSD section in the listed companies’ annual reports which keep increasing throughout the years. However, there are still inconclusive findings in factors that determine the extent of CSD. Based on a comprehensive research, therefore, this paper examines some selected factors in their relations to the extent of CSD, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Corporate annual reports for the year 2003 to 2006 were examined to verify the CSD practices by applying a content analysis method and multiple regression analysis. Then, firm’s characteristics (category, size, financial performances, age), and group influential (creditors, auditors, owners) were analysed to seek their significant relationships to the extent of CSD. The findings show that (1) there was no significant influence of ‘company type’ to the extent of CSD; but ‘company status’ was significantl y influence CSD (2) ‘company size’, ‘financial performances’, ‘age’, and ‘auditors’ influences’ were found to have significant positi ve influences to the extent of CSD; (3) ‘Owners’ influence’ correlated positivel y rather than negati vely to CSD; and (4) Mixed results were provided by the ‘creditors’ influence’ throughout the years. The overall correlations between predictor and criterion variables are considered to be low to moderate, varied from 0.463 to 0.607 for correlation coefficients (R) and 0.215 to 0.368 for determinant coefficients (R2) in the regression model.
印尼作为发展中大国之一,对企业社会信息披露(CSD)问题反应迅速。这可以从上市公司年报的CSD部分看出,该部分逐年增加。然而,在决定CSD程度的因素方面,仍有不确定的发现。因此,本文在综合研究的基础上,从定量和定性两方面考察了一些因素与社会发展程度的关系。本研究采用内容分析方法及多元回归分析,检视2003至2006年度的企业年报,以验证可持续发展计划的做法。然后,分析了公司的特征(类别、规模、财务业绩、年龄)和有影响力的群体(债权人、审计师、所有者),以寻求它们在CSD程度上的重要关系。研究结果表明:(1)“公司类型”对企业文化发展的影响不显著;(2)“公司规模”、“财务业绩”、“年龄”和“审计师的影响”对企业绩效有显著的正向影响;(3)“业主影响”与可持续发展呈正相关,而非负相关;(4)“债权人的影响”带来的结果喜忧参半。预测变量和标准变量之间的总体相关性为低至中等,回归模型中相关系数(R)为0.463至0.607,决定系数(R2)为0.215至0.368。
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引用次数: 10
Whether Audit Committee Financial Expertise Is the Only Relevant Expertise: A Review of Audit Committee Expertise and Timeliness of Financial Reporting 审计委员会财务专业知识是否是唯一相关的专业知识:对审计委员会专业知识与财务报告及时性的回顾
Pub Date : 2013-06-30 DOI: 10.22164/ISEA.V7I2.76
S. Baatwah, Zalailah Salleh, Norsiah Ahmad
This study reviews the literature on audit committee expertise and financial reporting timeliness. Financial reporting timeliness and audit committee expertise are two areas of research gaining the attention of a large number of stakeholders because they contribute to the reliability and the  relevancy of financial reporting. Indeed, the focus of this review is primarily on the recent developments in the pertinent literature in order to show the limitations of such research and encourage future research to overcome these limitations. By also looking at the development of the audit committee expertise literature, this study concludes that (1) like most audit committee literature, financial reporting timeliness literature continues to assume the absence of the contribution of expertise other than financial expertise, and ignore the role of audit committee chair; (2) most of this literature fails to find a significant effect because it ignores the interaction among corporate governance mechanisms. Accordingly, this study posits that ignoring the issues raised in such research by future research would lead to major mistakes in reforms relating to how the quality of financial reporting can be enhanced.
本研究回顾了有关审计委员会专业知识与财务报告及时性的文献。财务报告的及时性和审计委员会的专业知识是获得大量利益相关者关注的两个研究领域,因为它们有助于财务报告的可靠性和相关性。事实上,本综述的重点主要放在相关文献的最新发展上,以显示此类研究的局限性,并鼓励未来的研究克服这些局限性。通过考察审计委员会专业知识文献的发展,本研究得出结论:(1)与大多数审计委员会文献一样,财务报告及时性文献继续假设财务专业知识以外的专业知识的贡献不存在,并且忽略了审计委员会主席的作用;(2)由于忽略了公司治理机制之间的相互作用,大多数文献没有发现显著的效应。因此,本研究认为,如果未来的研究忽视这些研究中提出的问题,将导致在如何提高财务报告质量方面的改革出现重大错误。
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引用次数: 10
Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility (i-CSR) Framework from the Perspective of Maqasid al- Syariah and Maslahah 伊斯兰企业社会责任(i-CSR)框架——从Maqasid al- Syariah和Maslahah的视角看
Pub Date : 2013-06-30 DOI: 10.22164/ISEA.V7I2.77
F. Darus, Haslinda Yusoff, D. M. Naim, M. M. Zain, A. Amran, Hasan Fauzi, Y. Purwanto
The rationale behind the establishment of Islamic organisations globally is based on the precept that Islamic organisations’ practices are conducted in accordance with the strict values and principles of Syariah. In line with this premise, the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policies and practices of Islamic organisations should be underpinned by Islamic laws and principles as revealed in the Qur’an and the Sunnah. Drawing on the doctrine of Maqasid alSyariah and the concept of Maslahah, this study proposes an Islamic CSR (i-CSR) conceptual framework that will align the CSR policies and practices of Islamic organisations with the principles and values of Islam. The two conceptions are integrated with the CSR dimensions resulting in the prioritization of CSR practices based on Syariah principles. This study provides a structured approach to CSR policies and practices for Islamic organisations to ensure full compliance with Islamic principles.  Such a conceptual framework would be of interest to Islamic organisations worldwide and regulatory authorities in countries that are hosts to Islamic organisations to improve CSR policies, practices and disclosure on the part of Islamic organisations.
在全球范围内建立伊斯兰组织的基本原则是,伊斯兰组织的活动必须严格遵守伊斯兰教法的价值观和原则。在这个前提下,伊斯兰组织的企业社会责任(CSR)政策和实践应该以古兰经和圣训所揭示的伊斯兰法律和原则为基础。根据伊斯兰教的教义和Maslahah的概念,本研究提出了一个伊斯兰企业社会责任(i-CSR)概念框架,该框架将使伊斯兰组织的企业社会责任政策和实践与伊斯兰教的原则和价值观保持一致。这两个概念与企业社会责任维度相结合,导致基于伊斯兰原则的企业社会责任实践的优先级。本研究为伊斯兰组织提供了一种结构化的企业社会责任政策和实践方法,以确保完全遵守伊斯兰原则。世界各地的伊斯兰组织和伊斯兰组织所在国的监管机构将对这样一个概念性框架感兴趣,以改善伊斯兰组织的企业社会责任政策、实践和信息披露。
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引用次数: 39
Business Case for Integrated Reporting in the Nigerian Oil and Gas Sector 尼日利亚油气行业综合报告的商业案例
Pub Date : 2013-03-31 DOI: 10.22164/ISEA.V7I1.74
T. Ayoola, O. Olasanmi
The oil and gas sector is the mainstay of the Nigerian economy, accounting for over 95% of its revenue. The study therefore examines the business case for the adoption of Integrated Reporting in the sector. Secondary data were sourced from the annual reports and stand-alone sustainability reports of the six multinational companies operating in the Nigerian oil and gas sector. The results found that efforts to address environmental, social and governance reporting (ESG) were adhoc, short term and unrelated to the core activities of the corporations and as such were not integrated into their business strategies and model. Information on ESG was also duplicated over many medium in a haphazard and distorted form. The study therefore concluded that the introduction of integrated reporting will streamline performance reporting that is in line with international best practice in the sector.
石油和天然气行业是尼日利亚经济的支柱,占其收入的95%以上。因此,该研究考察了在该部门采用综合报告的商业案例。二级数据来源于在尼日利亚油气行业运营的六家跨国公司的年度报告和独立可持续发展报告。结果发现,解决环境、社会和治理报告(ESG)的努力是临时的、短期的,与公司的核心活动无关,因此没有整合到他们的商业战略和模式中。关于ESG的信息也以随意和扭曲的形式在许多媒体上重复。因此,该研究的结论是,采用综合报告将简化执行情况报告,使其符合该部门的国际最佳做法。
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引用次数: 23
Board Effectiveness and Employee Engagement: Nigeria Stakeholder Perceptions 董事会有效性和员工敬业度:尼日利亚利益相关者的看法
Pub Date : 2013-03-31 DOI: 10.22164/isea.v7i1.75
Bashir T. Mande
The objective of this study is to determine whether employee participation yields effective board performance. To stimulatedebates inthe stakeholder theoretical perspective in an attempt to offer more inclusive approach to strengthen the existing governance structure in Nigeria.This research intends to investigate the suitability of employees participating in board’s decision-making hierarchy because of their contractual importance as wealth creators of the firm. A conceptual model is proposed and tested on public listed companies in Nigeria based on survey perception of sampled 154 respondents. The study employs in-depth confirmatory factory analysis in a structural equation modeling approach. Building upon constructs such as union relations, productivity, and skilled-labor turnover, the study found the indicator variables measure employee participation, which focused more on the board’s control, operational decisions, and strategy in monitoring, service, and networking roles. Hence, we conclude that employees as important contractual company stakeholders affect board performance. Builds on the limited research agenda for boards and corporate governance that focus on coordinating, exploring and distribution of stakes using adventurous research designs and statistical tools, especially in Nigerian emerging economy. This paper exposes the firm’s potentials as provider of sustainable and longer-term benefits not only limited to equityholders, but also to employees as wealth creators, which will improve mutual trust, harmony and confidence for more stable and productive outputs that could give visibility to income inequality. The paper provides valid measures that link corporate governance debates to broader stakeholder perspective.
本研究的目的是确定员工参与是否会产生有效的董事会绩效。激发利益相关者理论视角的辩论,试图提供更具包容性的方法来加强尼日利亚现有的治理结构。本研究旨在探讨员工参与董事会决策层级的适宜性,因为他们作为公司财富创造者的契约重要性。基于抽样154名受访者的调查感知,提出了一个概念模型,并对尼日利亚上市公司进行了检验。本研究采用结构方程模型方法进行深入的验证性工厂分析。在工会关系、生产率和熟练劳动力流动率等概念的基础上,该研究发现指标变量衡量员工参与,更侧重于董事会的控制、运营决策以及监控、服务和网络角色方面的战略。因此,我们得出结论,员工作为重要的契约公司利益相关者影响董事会绩效。以有限的董事会和公司治理研究议程为基础,重点是利用冒险的研究设计和统计工具协调、探索和分配股权,特别是在尼日利亚新兴经济体。本文揭示了企业作为可持续和长期利益提供者的潜力,不仅限于股东,而且还包括作为财富创造者的员工,这将改善相互信任、和谐和信心,以实现更稳定、更有成效的产出,从而使收入不平等变得可见。本文提供了将公司治理辩论与更广泛的利益相关者观点联系起来的有效措施。
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引用次数: 3
Effects Of Rotation On Auditor Independence And Quality Of Audit Service In Malaysian Banking Industry 轮岗对马来西亚银行业审计师独立性和审计服务质量的影响
Pub Date : 2012-12-31 DOI: 10.22164/ISEA.V6I2.72
K. Dandago, Nur Diyana Binti Zamro
This study highlights the nature of auditor rotation in the Malaysian banking industry and its effects on auditor independence and quality of audit service in the industry. To generate primary data for analysis, interviews were conducted on officials of two banking institutions and one accounting/audit firm. The study finds that there have not been significant changes in the annual appointment of auditors in the Malaysian banking institutions over the last ten years, suggesting that there is a good working relationship between the auditors (especially the Big4) and the banks. This allows room for continuous debate on the need for mandatory rotation as a means for ensuring auditor independence and high audit quality in the Malaysian banking industry. In the absence of statutory/mandatory requirement for auditor rotation, it is recommended that the Malaysian banking institutions should be carefully evaluating the impact auditor rotation would have on the quality of audit work on their current and future financial statements, as they decide whether to rotate their auditors or not.
本研究强调了审计师轮岗在马来西亚银行业的性质及其对审计师独立性和审计服务质量的影响。为了产生用于分析的原始数据,对两家银行机构和一家会计/审计事务所的官员进行了访谈。研究发现,在过去十年中,马来西亚银行机构的年度审计师任命没有发生重大变化,这表明审计师(特别是四大)与银行之间存在良好的工作关系。这为是否需要强制轮岗作为确保马来西亚银行业审计师独立性和高审计质量的手段提供了持续辩论的空间。在没有法定/强制性要求审计师轮岗的情况下,建议马来西亚银行机构在决定是否轮换审计师时,应仔细评估审计师轮岗对其当前和未来财务报表审计工作质量的影响。
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引用次数: 4
The Effect of Board Independence on the Sustainability Reporting Practices of Large U.S. Firms 董事会独立性对美国大型公司可持续发展报告实践的影响
Pub Date : 2012-12-31 DOI: 10.22164/ISEA.V6I2.69
David N. Herda, M. Taylor, Glyn J. Winterbotham
As sustainability reporting becomes more commonplace, it is important to understand the factors that influence firms’ voluntary reporting decisions. This exploratory study examines whether board independence affects the sustainability reporting decisions of the 500 largest firms in the United States. We also investigate other factors that may be associated with sustainability reporting, including environmental performance and reputation. We find that firms with a greater proportion of independent board members are: 1) more likely to publish standalone sustainability reports, and 2) more likely to publish higher quality sustainability reports. This paper contributes to prior literature that reports somewhat mixed results on the effect of board independence on voluntary disclosure.
随着可持续发展报告变得越来越普遍,了解影响公司自愿报告决策的因素是很重要的。本探索性研究考察了董事会独立性是否影响美国500家最大公司的可持续发展报告决策。我们还调查了可能与可持续发展报告相关的其他因素,包括环境绩效和声誉。我们发现,独立董事比例较高的公司:1)更有可能发布独立的可持续发展报告;2)更有可能发布高质量的可持续发展报告。本文对先前关于董事会独立性对自愿披露的影响的研究结果有所贡献。
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引用次数: 24
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