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On Sandor’s conjecture 关于桑德尔的猜想
Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.54290/spect/2023.v10.1.0002
Bhabesh Das
In 1988, J. Sandor conjectured that for any positive integer n greater than 1 , where is the Euler’s totient function and is the Dedekind psi arithmetic function. This paper presents a new class of numbers for which this conjecture is valid.
1988 年,桑多尔(J. Sandor)猜想,对于任何大于 1 的正整数 n,其中是欧拉图腾函数,是戴德金 psi 算术函数。本文提出了这一猜想成立的一类新数。
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引用次数: 0
Ichthyofaunal Diversity Assessment and Formulating Framework Module for Conservational Strategies of Namchik River, Changlang, Arunachal Pradesh 阿鲁纳恰尔邦昌朗南奇克河鱼类多样性评估及制定保护战略框架模块
Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.54290/spect/2023.v10.1.0003
Kajal Kumari, Monjeet Sonowal
The study of fish diversity was carried out from Namchik River, Changlang district Arunachal Pradesh during late winter, spring and early phages of monsoon of 2023 for 6 months. A total of 15 families and 10 orders were identified and recorded. The Cyprinidae family is recorded to be the most dominant followed by others. The biodiversity index using Simpson’s diversity of fish in the river shows 0.08. The ichthyofaunal IUCN status of Namchik River is found least concerned at 82%, near threatened at 9%, and endangered at 9%. To conserve fish biodiversity a framework module for conservational strategies is formulated with five phages covering all concerned stakeholders. The Five phages are I: Identification of resources, II: Potential Scope and role in conservation of resources, III: Common guidelines in collaborating strategies and goals by the resources, IV: Enrolment of the resources in the conservational program and V: execution of conservational framework for sustainable development with resources. A total of 4 resources are identified that can be enrolled for the execution of the Ichthyofaunal biodiversity conservation in the Namchik River of Changlang district of Arunachal Pradesh.
在 2023 年冬末、春季和季风初期的 6 个月里,对阿鲁纳恰尔邦昌朗地区南奇克河的鱼类多样性进行了研究。共鉴定和记录了 15 科 10 目。据记录,鲤科是最主要的科,其次是其他科。根据辛普森鱼类多样性指数,河流中的生物多样性指数为 0.08。根据世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)对纳木奇克河鱼类的评估,82%的鱼类处于最不关注状态,9%的鱼类处于近危状态,9%的鱼类处于濒危状态。为保护鱼类生物多样性,制定了一个保护战略框架模块,包括五个阶段,涵盖所有利益相关者。这五个阶段是:I:资源识别;II:资源保护的潜在范围和作用;III:资源合作战略和目标的共同准则;IV:将资源纳入保护计划;V:执行资源可持续发展的保护框架。在阿鲁纳恰尔邦昌朗地区的南奇克河,共有 4 种资源可被纳入鱼类生物多样性保护计划。
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引用次数: 0
A Study on the Present Status of the Ornamental Ichthyofauna Population in Hahila Beel in Nagaon District, Assam 阿萨姆邦纳贡县哈希拉溪流观赏鱼类种群现状研究
Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.54290/spect/2023.v10.1.0007
Kabyashree Borah, Suranjan Bhowal, Afifa Kausar
Assam is blessed with an abundance of ornamental fishes in nature and contributes a major share of the total ichthyofauna in the North Eastern region of India. There is a vast potential for indigenous ornamental fishes in Assam. Awareness and documentation of these fishes is important for their conservation and systematic exploration which will ensure employment generation. In the present study, a total of 41 species belonging to 17 families and 7 orders were recorded in the Hahila Beel. The predominant orders were Cypriniformes, Siluriformes and Perciformes. The data to carry out the present study is based on both primary and secondary sources.
阿萨姆邦拥有得天独厚的丰富观赏鱼资源,在印度东北部地区的鱼类总数中占有很大份额。阿萨姆邦本土观赏鱼的潜力巨大。对这些鱼类的认识和记录对其保护和系统开发非常重要,这将确保创造就业机会。在本次研究中,哈希拉海湾共记录了隶属于 17 科 7 目 41 种鱼类。主要分类为鲤形目、丝形目和鲈形目。本研究的数据来源于一手和二手资料。
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引用次数: 0
Phytochemical and thin layer chromatographic studies on a Spondias mangifera of Kamrup District of Assam 对阿萨姆邦卡姆鲁普地区芒花的植物化学和薄层色谱研究
Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.54290/spect/2023.v10.1.0004
Pankaj Kalita
Spondias mangifera is a medicinal plant found in home gardens Kamrup. It is to be used for the treatment of dysentery, rheumatism, swollen joints, abscesses and cholera. Phytochemical investigation on ethanolic bark extract proves the presence of different important chemicals in this plant. TLC study also indicates the presence of multiple compounds in the bark of this plant.
Spondias mangifera 是卡姆鲁普家庭菜园中的一种药用植物。它可用于治疗痢疾、风湿病、关节肿胀、脓肿和霍乱。对乙醇树皮提取物进行的植物化学研究证明,这种植物中含有不同的重要化学物质。TLC 研究也表明这种植物的树皮中含有多种化合物。
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引用次数: 0
Orchid Value: Uncovering Its Significance for the People of Assam- A Review Analysis 兰花的价值:揭示其对阿萨姆邦人民的意义--回顾分析
Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.54290/spect/2023.v10.1.0006
Purnima Saikia
Orchids are one of the largest groups of Angiosperms belonging to the family Orchidaceae. They are no doubt one of the most beautiful and fascinating flowers of nature and are highly popular as ornamental plants in both national and international markets. Besides ornamental value, orchids have immense ethnomedicinal significance. In Assam, orchids have been associated with the culture of Assamese people since the past, especially in the traditional system of medicine used and described by the ethnic communities and tribes. The present paper emphasizes the medicinal uses of some of the orchids of Assam and their use for curing various ailments. However, with the advent of modern civilization and the lack of spread of proper ethnomedicinal knowledge, its awareness and beneficial values are slowly declining. Therefore, the preservation and conservation of these orchids by modern biotechnological approaches along with proper propagation of their ethnomedicinal values is necessary for their benefit to humanity.
兰花是属于兰科的最大的被子植物群之一。毫无疑问,兰花是大自然中最美丽、最迷人的花卉之一,在国内和国际市场上都是非常受欢迎的观赏植物。除了观赏价值,兰花还具有巨大的民族药用价值。在阿萨姆邦,兰花自古以来就与阿萨姆人的文化息息相关,特别是在民族社区和部落使用和描述的传统医药系统中。本文重点介绍阿萨姆邦一些兰花的药用价值及其用于治疗各种疾病的情况。然而,随着现代文明的到来,以及缺乏适当的民族医药知识的传播,人们对兰花的认识和其有益价值正在慢慢减少。因此,为了造福人类,有必要采用现代生物技术方法保存和保护这些兰花,同时适当宣传其民族药用价值。
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引用次数: 0
Traditional Practices Pertaining to Sustainable Agriculture in North East India: A Review 印度东北部与可持续农业相关的传统习俗:综述
Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.54290/spect/2023.v10.1.0005
Larihun Jeengaph
Agriculture is the backbone of India’s rural economy. Sustainable agriculture needs to emerge at an accelerated pace integrated with technical and traditional knowledge. The advent of the concept of sustainable agriculture in the late eighties in the Indian agricultural scenario has evoked interest in indigenous traditional knowledge (ITK) that uses natural products to solve the problems pertaining to agriculture and allied activities. Since the past centuries, farmers have grown food and survived in harsh environments through the knowledge gained from their ancestors, where such a rich tradition of indigenous traditional knowledge has been interwoven with the agricultural practices followed by them. The northeast region is known for its rich natural scenic beauty, diversity, ethnicity, rare and unique wildlife, people, and culture. The traditional knowledge that the people possess in these regions is a precious resource that is shared through generations. However, such knowledge remains largely unreported, especially from the northeastern region, and has slowly been lost over time. Such knowledge needs to be harnessed along with some technical inputs to make sustainable development faster. There is a need to document and record such traditional knowledge which can act as a foundation for the creation of modern technology. This paper highlights the role and challenges of agriculture to the economy, the indigenous cultivation practices, and the traditional practices in Northeast India for sustainable agriculture.
农业是印度农村经济的支柱。可持续农业需要结合技术和传统知识加速发展。八十年代末,印度农业领域出现了可持续农业的概念,唤起了人们对本土传统知识(ITK)的兴趣,这种知识利用天然产品来解决与农业和相关活动有关的问题。自过去几个世纪以来,农民们通过从祖先那里获得的知识种植粮食,并在恶劣的环境中生存下来,这种丰富的本土传统知识传统与他们遵循的农业实践交织在一起。东北地区以其丰富的自然风光、多样性、民族性、稀有和独特的野生动物、人民和文化而闻名。这些地区的人们所拥有的传统知识是世代共享的宝贵资源。然而,这些知识在很大程度上仍未得到报道,尤其是来自东北地区的知识,并随着时间的推移慢慢流失。这些知识需要与一些技术投入一起加以利用,以加快可持续发展。有必要记载和记录这些传统知识,为创造现代技术奠定基础。本文重点介绍了农业对经济的作用和挑战、本土耕作方法以及印度东北部可持续农业的传统做法。
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引用次数: 0
Metal Oxide-Based Semiconductor as Photoanode for Photovoltaic Cells 作为光伏电池光阳极的金属氧化物基半导体
Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.54290/spect/2023.v10.1.0001
Lakshmi K. Singh
The contributing factors to the overall improvement in photovoltaic efficiency are visible light absorption, enhanced dye absorption, rapid electron transport and minimal carrier recombination. To improve the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) capacity to harvest light focus is mostly placed on the synthesis of photoanode material. Photo anodes made of several metal oxide semiconductors, such as TiO2, ZnO, SnO2, Nb2O5, etc., have been used in DSSCs. The most suitable material for DSSC use is anatase TiO2 with a band gap of 3.2 eV that is chemically stable, non-toxic, and easily accessible. The synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles and their morphological variation are described in detail in the paper. The nanoparticles exhibit a tetragonal crystalline structure with lattice parameters a= 3.74 Å and b= 9.39 Å. The effect of sintering temperature on phase transition and on electrical properties affecting particle size and surface area is investigated and optimized. Characterization techniques including X-ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are employed to analyze the TiO2 nanoparticles. These techniques provide insights into the morphology and size of the coated TiO2 nanoparticles. The paper reports the effect of sintering temperature on the efficiency of the fabricated DSSCs. Additionally; it reviews recent advancements in TiO2-based nanomaterials, particularly through doping, to further enhance the efficiency of DSSCs. Overall, the study highlights the importance of optimizing the synthesis and properties of TiO2 nanoparticles for improved performance of DSSCs, and it discusses potential strategies for enhancing the efficiency of DSSCs through modifications in TiO2-based nanomaterials.
全面提高光电效率的因素包括可见光吸收、增强的染料吸收、快速的电子传输和最小的载流子重组。要提高染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)的光收集能力,重点主要放在光阳极材料的合成上。由多种金属氧化物半导体(如 TiO2、ZnO、SnO2、Nb2O5 等)制成的光阳极已被用于 DSSC。最适合用于 DSSC 的材料是带隙为 3.2 eV 的锐钛型 TiO2,这种材料化学性质稳定、无毒且易于获得。本文详细介绍了二氧化钛纳米粒子的合成及其形态变化。本文研究并优化了烧结温度对相变和电性能的影响,这些影响涉及颗粒尺寸和表面积。表征技术包括 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和透射电子显微镜 (TEM),用于分析二氧化钛纳米颗粒。这些技术有助于深入了解涂层 TiO2 纳米粒子的形态和尺寸。论文报告了烧结温度对制造的 DSSC 效率的影响。此外,论文还回顾了基于 TiO2 的纳米材料的最新进展,特别是通过掺杂进一步提高 DSSC 的效率。总之,本研究强调了优化 TiO2 纳米粒子的合成和特性对提高 DSSC 性能的重要性,并讨论了通过改性 TiO2 基纳米材料提高 DSSC 效率的潜在策略。
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引用次数: 0
Study on Soil nutrients of some selected areas of Khasi and Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya with reference to Scientific Fish farming 参考科学养鱼对梅加拉亚邦卡西和贾因蒂亚山部分地区土壤养分的研究
Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.54290/spect/2022.v9.1.0006
R. Nath, Wanshaphrang Tiewsoh
Good quality soil is very important for better productivity in the fish farm. Some areas of Khasi and Jaintia Hills District were selected to collect soil sample and analysed to check suitability for fish farming. The soil analysis of the selected areas reveals that soils are highly acidic in nature and deficient in available nitrogen and phosphorus. Proper treatment with lime, nitrogen and phosphorus based fertilizers are required to enhance the productivity of fish farm. Soil texture of the study areas was found sandy loam to clay loam which indicates suitability of the areas for construction of fish farm.
良好的土壤质量对提高养鱼场的生产力非常重要。选择卡西和贾因提亚山区的一些地区收集土壤样本并进行分析,以检查是否适合养鱼。所选地区的土壤分析表明,土壤本质上是高酸性的,缺乏有效氮和磷。为了提高养鱼场的生产力,需要用石灰、氮和磷基肥料进行适当的处理。研究区土壤质地以砂壤土为主,以粘壤土为主,适合建设养鱼场。
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引用次数: 0
A study of the ITK used in fisheries and Bioresources of Lai Lyngdoh area, West Khasi Hills, Meghalaya 梅加拉亚邦西卡西山赖林多地区渔业和生物资源中使用的ITK研究
Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.54290/spect/2022.v9.1.0007
Jylliewkupar Kharbani, Jasmine T. Sawian
Indigenous traditional knowledge (ITK) has been in use different districts of Meghalaya and it is of different types. In West Khasi hills of district few important ITK is used especially in connection with fish. Besides ITK, bioresources are seen to play an important role in the lives of indigenous communities in Lai Lyngdoh area. The Lai Lyngdoh area in Nongstoin is a group of 34 villages that falls under the jurisdiction of the three Lyngdoh i.e. Marskuin, Nonglwai and Nongkhlaw located in West Khasi Hills District, Meghalaya. The locals in the area mostly depend on the surrounding environment for their livelihood. From the surrounding forests and forest streams, a variety of minor products are harvested and a number of edibles which include wild fruits, leafy green, wild vegetables, mushroom, fish, frog, crustaceans, tubers and medicinal plants are also gathered. Indigenous traditional knowledge (ITK) in the use of bio-resources is still preserved and practised in the indigenous communities and the documentation of local culture and knowledge will play an important role in conservation process. These resources, however, need to be valued and used sustainably so that they can continue to support the community.
梅加拉亚邦的不同地区一直在使用土著传统知识(ITK),它有不同的类型。在西卡西山区,很少使用重要的ITK,特别是与鱼有关。除了ITK之外,生物资源在莱林多地区土著社区的生活中也发挥着重要作用。Nongstoin的Lai Lyngdoh地区是一个由34个村庄组成的团体,属于三个Lyngdoh的管辖范围,即marskun, Nonglwai和Nongkhlaw,位于梅加拉亚邦西卡西山区。该地区的当地人大多依靠周围的环境来维持生计。从周围的森林和森林溪流中收获各种各样的小产品,并收集一些可食用的食物,包括野果,绿叶,野菜,蘑菇,鱼,青蛙,甲壳类动物,块茎和药用植物。土著社区仍然保存和实践着利用生物资源的土著传统知识,当地文化和知识的记录将在保护过程中发挥重要作用。然而,这些资源需要得到重视和可持续地利用,以便它们能够继续支持社区。
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引用次数: 0
A thought experiment based graphical illustration of the various sections of the characteristic curve of the gas-filled detectors 一个思想实验为基础的图形说明的特征曲线的各个部分的充气探测器
Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.54290/spect/2022.v9.1.0001
Rangaraj Bhattacharjee, Ananya Bhattacharjee
The purpose of this study is to establish similarities between two ideas – a hypothetical thought experiment and a known fact. The study relies on the use of various functions to mathematically quantify the different components of the characteristic or voltage response curve and the operation of the gas-filled detectors. A thought experiment was created by taking into account an imagined particle to travel across space in specific ways. Here, a comparison was made between the characteristic curve and the imagined particle's locus.
这项研究的目的是建立两个想法之间的相似性-一个假设的思想实验和一个已知的事实。该研究依赖于使用各种函数来数学量化特性或电压响应曲线的不同组成部分以及充气探测器的操作。一个思想实验是通过考虑一个想象中的粒子以特定的方式穿越空间而创建的。在这里,将特征曲线与想象的粒子轨迹进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
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Spectrum: Science and Technology
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