Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.54290/spect/2020.v7.1.0004
Parinita Borgohain, S. P. Biswas
Assam is an abode of hundreds of small indigenous fish species (SIF) which are used as highly nutritious food and preparation of traditional dishes by the ethnic groups. As most of the population are fish eaters, the demand for fish is ever increasing. Rampant fishing, destruction as well as shrinkage of fishing habitats and above all, our ignorance about the true value of so called ‘trash fish’ have already wiped out many of our indigenous small fish species. People in general, are not aware of the importance of small fish other than their food value. The sub-tropical climate and rich water resources of the state provide good opportunity for small fish culture. This status paper highlights the importance of SIF as food, aesthetic, bio-controlling agent and therapeutic values and also their rearing prospects in captive conditions.
{"title":"Prospect of Small Indigenous Fish (SIF) Culture in Assam","authors":"Parinita Borgohain, S. P. Biswas","doi":"10.54290/spect/2020.v7.1.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54290/spect/2020.v7.1.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Assam is an abode of hundreds of small indigenous fish species (SIF) which are used as highly nutritious food and preparation of traditional dishes by the ethnic groups. As most of the population are fish eaters, the demand for fish is ever increasing. Rampant fishing, destruction as well as shrinkage of fishing habitats and above all, our ignorance about the true value of so called ‘trash fish’ have already wiped out many of our indigenous small fish species. People in general, are not aware of the importance of small fish other than their food value. The sub-tropical climate and rich water resources of the state provide good opportunity for small fish culture. This status paper highlights the importance of SIF as food, aesthetic, bio-controlling agent and therapeutic values and also their rearing prospects in captive conditions.","PeriodicalId":313430,"journal":{"name":"Spectrum: Science and Technology","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121254573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.54290/spect/2020.v7.1.0007
N. Saikia, J. Gogoi
The present study evaluates 23 medicinal plants used by the Deori community of Biswanath District, Assam, of which some are more special and new report in medicinal aspects. Generally, these medicinal plants are used to treat some common as well as special diseases and are practiced by a person called “Bez”. The efficacy of these disease depend on the selection of the medicinal plants and proper method of administration. The active ingredients of these medicinal plants are another important aspects for their phytochemical as well as clinical studies.
{"title":"Ethnobotanical Studies on Some Medicinal Plant Resources Practiced by the Deori Community of Biswanath District, Assam","authors":"N. Saikia, J. Gogoi","doi":"10.54290/spect/2020.v7.1.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54290/spect/2020.v7.1.0007","url":null,"abstract":"The present study evaluates 23 medicinal plants used by the Deori community of Biswanath District, Assam, of which some are more special and new report in medicinal aspects. Generally, these medicinal plants are used to treat some common as well as special diseases and are practiced by a person called “Bez”. The efficacy of these disease depend on the selection of the medicinal plants and proper method of administration. The active ingredients of these medicinal plants are another important aspects for their phytochemical as well as clinical studies.","PeriodicalId":313430,"journal":{"name":"Spectrum: Science and Technology","volume":"251 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134058721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.54290/spect/2020.v7.1.0009
A. Susngi, C. Sawian
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a β-coronavirus, which also includes the highly pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Emerging in December 2019 from Wuhan, China, it has spread worldwide resulting in a pandemic that has not ended till date. This review highlights some of the key features of the virology of SARS-CoV-2.
{"title":"A Review of the Virology of SARS-CoV-2","authors":"A. Susngi, C. Sawian","doi":"10.54290/spect/2020.v7.1.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54290/spect/2020.v7.1.0009","url":null,"abstract":"The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a β-coronavirus, which also includes the highly pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Emerging in December 2019 from Wuhan, China, it has spread worldwide resulting in a pandemic that has not ended till date. This review highlights some of the key features of the virology of SARS-CoV-2.","PeriodicalId":313430,"journal":{"name":"Spectrum: Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129339302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.54290/spect/2020.v7.1.0002
R. Nath, S. Kharbuli
Cyprinid fishes of Meghalaya were investigated from twin drainage basins Brahmaputra and Barak-Surma-Meghna. 27 cyprinid fishes under 14 genus and 7 sub families were recorded from rivers and reservoirs of four different gradient zones. The diversity of Cyprinid fishes was highest with 49% representation of Cyprinids at lower elevation Zone IV below 500 m above MSL and bio diversity indices estimated as H: 3.05, 1-D: 0.10. In contrary lowest diversity with 7% representation of fishes was observed at elevation 1501 to 2000 m above MSL in Zone I with bio diversity indices H: 0.25, 1-D: 0.57. Distribution of commercially important cyprinids under genus Labeo, Systomus and Cirrhinus were found to be restricted to rivers of Barak-Surma-Meghna drainage basin. Catch percentage of cyprinids indicates that 70% of fishes exhibit occasional occurrence and 30% as common occurrence. High percentage of occasional occurrence, low catch composition percentage and with restricted distribution of commercially important fishes to only certain rivers of Barak-Surma-Meghna drainage is an indication of depletion of cyprinid resources in the state and requires taking multi prong conservation measures to protect cyprinid fishes in Meghalaya.
{"title":"Cyprinid Fishes: An Overview on the Present Status in Meghalaya, India","authors":"R. Nath, S. Kharbuli","doi":"10.54290/spect/2020.v7.1.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54290/spect/2020.v7.1.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Cyprinid fishes of Meghalaya were investigated from twin drainage basins Brahmaputra and Barak-Surma-Meghna. 27 cyprinid fishes under 14 genus and 7 sub families were recorded from rivers and reservoirs of four different gradient zones. The diversity of Cyprinid fishes was highest with 49% representation of Cyprinids at lower elevation Zone IV below 500 m above MSL and bio diversity indices estimated as H: 3.05, 1-D: 0.10. In contrary lowest diversity with 7% representation of fishes was observed at elevation 1501 to 2000 m above MSL in Zone I with bio diversity indices H: 0.25, 1-D: 0.57. Distribution of commercially important cyprinids under genus Labeo, Systomus and Cirrhinus were found to be restricted to rivers of Barak-Surma-Meghna drainage basin. Catch percentage of cyprinids indicates that 70% of fishes exhibit occasional occurrence and 30% as common occurrence. High percentage of occasional occurrence, low catch composition percentage and with restricted distribution of commercially important fishes to only certain rivers of Barak-Surma-Meghna drainage is an indication of depletion of cyprinid resources in the state and requires taking multi prong conservation measures to protect cyprinid fishes in Meghalaya.","PeriodicalId":313430,"journal":{"name":"Spectrum: Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131125702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.54290/spect/2020.v7.1.0008
M. Sonowal, Nipen Nayak, S. P. Biswas
Feeding behaviour and rearing feasibility of a multipurpose wild goby fish, Glossogobius giuris in backyard ponds has been discussed. The fish shows inclination towards animal diet with wide range of food preferences at various trophic levels. Specimens collected from natural habitat and also from rearing pond indicate its preference towards small sized fishes. The fish is a voracious feeder and exhibit somewhat aggressive behaviour when kept in fasting mode for a period of 12 to 24 hour. Further, the fish prefers mostly in live food, be it small fish, earthworm or mosquito larvae but exhibit little interest towards homemade and commercial fish feed.
{"title":"Feeding Behaviour of Tank Goby, Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton) and Its Rearing Feasibility in Upper Assam","authors":"M. Sonowal, Nipen Nayak, S. P. Biswas","doi":"10.54290/spect/2020.v7.1.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54290/spect/2020.v7.1.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Feeding behaviour and rearing feasibility of a multipurpose wild goby fish, Glossogobius giuris in backyard ponds has been discussed. The fish shows inclination towards animal diet with wide range of food preferences at various trophic levels. Specimens collected from natural habitat and also from rearing pond indicate its preference towards small sized fishes. The fish is a voracious feeder and exhibit somewhat aggressive behaviour when kept in fasting mode for a period of 12 to 24 hour. Further, the fish prefers mostly in live food, be it small fish, earthworm or mosquito larvae but exhibit little interest towards homemade and commercial fish feed.","PeriodicalId":313430,"journal":{"name":"Spectrum: Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129667200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.54290/spect/2020.v7.1.0003
Hiten Choudhury
Mobile networks are becoming a preferred choice for the Internet of Things (IoT), due to its flexibility, broad coverage, increasing bandwidth, low latency and low subscription cost. However, a long-standing security issue in any mobile network across the various generations is identity confidentiality. In a recent technical specification standardised by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) for 5G mobile network, a novel scheme called the Elliptic Curve Integrated Encryption Scheme (ECIES) is adopted to tackle the issue of identity confidentiality. While this mechanism seems to provide a reasonable solution for modern resource affluent smart phones, it’s suitability for resource constrained IoT devices needs to be analysed. In this paper, we study the computational overhead of the ECIES on IoT devices.
{"title":"Computational Overhead of a Novel Scheme for Identity Confidentiality on IoT Devices in 5G Mobile Networks","authors":"Hiten Choudhury","doi":"10.54290/spect/2020.v7.1.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54290/spect/2020.v7.1.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile networks are becoming a preferred choice for the Internet of Things (IoT), due to its flexibility, broad coverage, increasing bandwidth, low latency and low subscription cost. However, a long-standing security issue in any mobile network across the various generations is identity confidentiality. In a recent technical specification standardised by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) for 5G mobile network, a novel scheme called the Elliptic Curve Integrated Encryption Scheme (ECIES) is adopted to tackle the issue of identity confidentiality. While this mechanism seems to provide a reasonable solution for modern resource affluent smart phones, it’s suitability for resource constrained IoT devices needs to be analysed. In this paper, we study the computational overhead of the ECIES on IoT devices.","PeriodicalId":313430,"journal":{"name":"Spectrum: Science and Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116751798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.54290/spect/2020.v7.1.0001
S. Saikia, Francis Iawphniaw
Thermal fluctuations or noise assisted particle dynamics in a driven underdamped inhomogeneous periodic potential system is studied. This forms an archetypal model to study different Physical and Biological processes in the microscopic domain. The particles are shown to exhibit directed transport aided by these fluctuations without the application of any external bias. This phenomenon, also known as ratchet effect, is a counterintuitive phenomenon in which systems in the microscopic domain harnesses the energy of the random fluctuations to do constructive work. Also in the presence of random thermal fluctuations or noise, the particles undergo diffusion, the amount of which can be controlled by controlling the different parameters of the system. This can have important technological applications.
{"title":"Ratchet Effect and Particle Diffusion in an Underdamped Inhomogeneous Periodic Potential System","authors":"S. Saikia, Francis Iawphniaw","doi":"10.54290/spect/2020.v7.1.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54290/spect/2020.v7.1.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal fluctuations or noise assisted particle dynamics in a driven underdamped inhomogeneous periodic potential system is studied. This forms an archetypal model to study different Physical and Biological processes in the microscopic domain. The particles are shown to exhibit directed transport aided by these fluctuations without the application of any external bias. This phenomenon, also known as ratchet effect, is a counterintuitive phenomenon in which systems in the microscopic domain harnesses the energy of the random fluctuations to do constructive work. Also in the presence of random thermal fluctuations or noise, the particles undergo diffusion, the amount of which can be controlled by controlling the different parameters of the system. This can have important technological applications.","PeriodicalId":313430,"journal":{"name":"Spectrum: Science and Technology","volume":"66 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123135419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-15DOI: 10.54290/spect/2019.v6.1.0005
Diangbha Passah
Indigenous Traditional Knowledge (ITK) is local application methods practiced in different sectors especially in fisheries by local population from time immemorial with some changes from time to time. Many of the ITKs are based on scientific values but they are not well documented. The present study aimed to evaluate the Indigenous Traditional Knowledge practiced in West Jaintia Hills District of Meghalaya. The ITKs identified are divided in three different groups. They are ITK in value added product, ITKs used as fish baits and fish poison and ITKs used as gear for catching fishes from natural water bodies.
{"title":"Indigenous Traditional Knowledge in West Jaintia Hills District, Meghalaya","authors":"Diangbha Passah","doi":"10.54290/spect/2019.v6.1.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54290/spect/2019.v6.1.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Indigenous Traditional Knowledge (ITK) is local application methods practiced in different sectors especially in fisheries by local population from time immemorial with some changes from time to time. Many of the ITKs are based on scientific values but they are not well documented. The present study aimed to evaluate the Indigenous Traditional Knowledge practiced in West Jaintia Hills District of Meghalaya. The ITKs identified are divided in three different groups. They are ITK in value added product, ITKs used as fish baits and fish poison and ITKs used as gear for catching fishes from natural water bodies.","PeriodicalId":313430,"journal":{"name":"Spectrum: Science and Technology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127884727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-15DOI: 10.54290/spect/2019.v6.1.0003
Wympher Langstang, Melvorene Kharsahnoh, Teilinda Khongwir, N. Venugopal
Flemingia vestita (Family: Fabaceae), is a leguminous root crop commonly found in the northeastern region of India. The tubers are anthelmintic and eaten unpeeled by the natives against gastrointestinal worm infection. The present study deals with the pharmacognostic studies on the rhizome of crude drug F. vestita. Our preliminary phytochemical studies of the powdered rhizome revealed the presence of alkaloid, carbohydrate, protein, amino ac-ids, phenol, tannic acid flavonoid, phytosterols, saponins, fat, oil, gum and mucilage. The physico-chemical, morphological, histological parameter may be proposed as parameters to establish the authencity of F. vestita.
{"title":"Pharmacognostic studies of Flemingia vestita","authors":"Wympher Langstang, Melvorene Kharsahnoh, Teilinda Khongwir, N. Venugopal","doi":"10.54290/spect/2019.v6.1.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54290/spect/2019.v6.1.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Flemingia vestita (Family: Fabaceae), is a leguminous root crop commonly found in the northeastern region of India. The tubers are anthelmintic and eaten unpeeled by the natives against gastrointestinal worm infection. The present study deals with the pharmacognostic studies on the rhizome of crude drug F. vestita. Our preliminary phytochemical studies of the powdered rhizome revealed the presence of alkaloid, carbohydrate, protein, amino ac-ids, phenol, tannic acid flavonoid, phytosterols, saponins, fat, oil, gum and mucilage. The physico-chemical, morphological, histological parameter may be proposed as parameters to establish the authencity of F. vestita.","PeriodicalId":313430,"journal":{"name":"Spectrum: Science and Technology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133409750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-15DOI: 10.54290/spect/2019.v6.1.0002
Jasmine T. Sawian, Elizabeth Nemhoihkim
Indian fisheries are an important sector of food production, providing nutritional and livelihood security to a vast majority of the population and contributes significantly to the foreign exchange earnings. There is a big demand of fish in north-eastern states of India. Fish market infrastructures include wholesale market, retail market and fish shops. Iewduh, also called Bara Bazaar, is one of the oldest and largest traditional market and trade centre in the northeast. A variety of fish are being sold in Iewduh in Shillong, Meghalaya. Majority of the fishes are sourced from other parts of the country. A total of 30 distinguishable taxa were observed in the market, representing 18 families. There was a predominance of different carp species and a number of catfishes were also available.
{"title":"A survey of edible fresh fish resources in Iewduh (Bara Bazaar) in Shillong, Meghalaya","authors":"Jasmine T. Sawian, Elizabeth Nemhoihkim","doi":"10.54290/spect/2019.v6.1.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54290/spect/2019.v6.1.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Indian fisheries are an important sector of food production, providing nutritional and livelihood security to a vast majority of the population and contributes significantly to the foreign exchange earnings. There is a big demand of fish in north-eastern states of India. Fish market infrastructures include wholesale market, retail market and fish shops. Iewduh, also called Bara Bazaar, is one of the oldest and largest traditional market and trade centre in the northeast. A variety of fish are being sold in Iewduh in Shillong, Meghalaya. Majority of the fishes are sourced from other parts of the country. A total of 30 distinguishable taxa were observed in the market, representing 18 families. There was a predominance of different carp species and a number of catfishes were also available.","PeriodicalId":313430,"journal":{"name":"Spectrum: Science and Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130125188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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