Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.54290/spect/2022.v9.1.0005
P. Shekhawat, U. K. Dwivedi, S. P. Choudhury
In this work we have studied the electronic properties of VO2 by employing the density functional theory (DFT). The CASTEP module was used for the simulation. 2x2x1 lattice of VO2 was used for study of the band structure and density of state. The electronic properties change significantly on doping the sample with Ag. Also, when Ag is doped in different quantities in VO2 , the bad gap is not the same as that of pure VO2 and the conductivity and dielectric constant also changes.
{"title":"DFT study of VO2 and Ag-VO2: Band structure and Density of state","authors":"P. Shekhawat, U. K. Dwivedi, S. P. Choudhury","doi":"10.54290/spect/2022.v9.1.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54290/spect/2022.v9.1.0005","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we have studied the electronic properties of VO2 by employing the density functional theory (DFT). The CASTEP module was used for the simulation. 2x2x1 lattice of VO2 was used for study of the band structure and density of state. The electronic properties change significantly on doping the sample with Ag. Also, when Ag is doped in different quantities in VO2 , the bad gap is not the same as that of pure VO2 and the conductivity and dielectric constant also changes.","PeriodicalId":313430,"journal":{"name":"Spectrum: Science and Technology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114959995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The principal constituent of tea, which is responsible for all the properties, is the alkaloid caffeine. Theanine is an amino acid found only in tea leaves, which imparts a pleasantly sweet taste to tea. It is degraded to glutamic acid and has relaxation effects in humans. Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline xanthine alkaloid and a stimulant drug. It is found in varying quantities in the seeds, leaves, and fruit of some plants, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyses and kills certain insects feeding on the plants, as well as enhancing the reward memory of pollinators. It is also found in coffee, tea, cola, guarana, mate, and other products. Caffeine - containing products have been consumed for hundreds of years for their pleasant flavour and stimulating effects. Caffeine is one of the most commonly used stimulants among athletes. In this paper we have discuss the extraction of caffeine from our local tea leaves, Namar Jongphi and Nalari Gold tea leaves available in the market. The liquid-liquid extraction method was followed for the extraction of caffeine and the estimation of the amount of caffeine was calculated and estimated by iodometric method.
{"title":"Caffeine Extraction from Local Tea Leaves and its Estimation by Iodometric Method","authors":"Siewdorlang Diamai, Icydora Kharkongor, Eveningstar Ryntathiang, Rodridge Russel Kharbudon","doi":"10.54290/spect/2022.v9.1.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54290/spect/2022.v9.1.0004","url":null,"abstract":"The principal constituent of tea, which is responsible for all the properties, is the alkaloid caffeine. Theanine is an amino acid found only in tea leaves, which imparts a pleasantly sweet taste to tea. It is degraded to glutamic acid and has relaxation effects in humans. Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline xanthine alkaloid and a stimulant drug. It is found in varying quantities in the seeds, leaves, and fruit of some plants, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyses and kills certain insects feeding on the plants, as well as enhancing the reward memory of pollinators. It is also found in coffee, tea, cola, guarana, mate, and other products. Caffeine - containing products have been consumed for hundreds of years for their pleasant flavour and stimulating effects. Caffeine is one of the most commonly used stimulants among athletes. In this paper we have discuss the extraction of caffeine from our local tea leaves, Namar Jongphi and Nalari Gold tea leaves available in the market. The liquid-liquid extraction method was followed for the extraction of caffeine and the estimation of the amount of caffeine was calculated and estimated by iodometric method.","PeriodicalId":313430,"journal":{"name":"Spectrum: Science and Technology","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115032553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.54290/spect/2022.v9.1.0002
Iadeishisha Kharbangar
KF-Al2O3 as a recyclable basic catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of benzoxanthenone derivatives by the reaction of aromatic aldehydes, β-naphthol and dimedone in the presence of a catalyst in ethanol under microwave irradiation. The protocol is environmentally benign, offering access to a range of benzoxanthenone derivaties in good to excellent yields.
{"title":"KF-Al2O3 catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of Benzo[α]xanthene-11-ones","authors":"Iadeishisha Kharbangar","doi":"10.54290/spect/2022.v9.1.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54290/spect/2022.v9.1.0002","url":null,"abstract":"KF-Al2O3 as a recyclable basic catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of benzoxanthenone derivatives by the reaction of aromatic aldehydes, β-naphthol and dimedone in the presence of a catalyst in ethanol under microwave irradiation. The protocol is environmentally benign, offering access to a range of benzoxanthenone derivaties in good to excellent yields.","PeriodicalId":313430,"journal":{"name":"Spectrum: Science and Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115292338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.54290/spect/2022.v9.1.0003
R. K. Singh, Deepjyoti Choudhury, Arpita Sen
The human brain is more engaged by viewing images than by reading lists of facts. Whenever we try to view, edit, or create an image, we actually have our own interaction with the visual expression in the image. Although everyone has a unique editing style, it is a common practice in the photography industry. Photo editing enables users to enhance and stylize images in ways that would be impossible in-camera. It is much more difficult without image editing application. This paper presents an approach for the development of Windows application that can be a full-scale photo editing tool. Our application is easy to use and it also helps to store images via different extensions. The various image editing libraries used to develop this application are explained here. Different image editing features such as cropping, drawing, etc. help all type of users to use the application efficiently. The detailed explanation of these features are provided. This paper shows how image processing can be used to edit images by using various computer vision algorithms to perform several operations on an image. However, there are certain image editing applications available, but photosav is a simple and comprehensive windows application in which maximum features are clubbed together for the users
{"title":"photosav: A Tkinter Based Photo Editing Application","authors":"R. K. Singh, Deepjyoti Choudhury, Arpita Sen","doi":"10.54290/spect/2022.v9.1.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54290/spect/2022.v9.1.0003","url":null,"abstract":"The human brain is more engaged by viewing images than by reading lists of facts. Whenever we try to view, edit, or create an image, we actually have our own interaction with the visual expression in the image. Although everyone has a unique editing style, it is a common practice in the photography industry. Photo editing enables users to enhance and stylize images in ways that would be impossible in-camera. It is much more difficult without image editing application. This paper presents an approach for the development of Windows application that can be a full-scale photo editing tool. Our application is easy to use and it also helps to store images via different extensions. The various image editing libraries used to develop this application are explained here. Different image editing features such as cropping, drawing, etc. help all type of users to use the application efficiently. The detailed explanation of these features are provided. This paper shows how image processing can be used to edit images by using various computer vision algorithms to perform several operations on an image. However, there are certain image editing applications available, but photosav is a simple and comprehensive windows application in which maximum features are clubbed together for the users","PeriodicalId":313430,"journal":{"name":"Spectrum: Science and Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134456704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.54290/spect/2021.v8.1.0002
Arcadius Puwein, S. Thomas
Paris polyphylla Smith is an erect and herbaceous plant. It has rich chemical constituents such steroidal saponins, phytosterols, flavonoids, and alkaloids that possess antimicrobial and anticancer activities. In the current investigation, we examined the effect of different solvents in the extraction yield and further purification via column chromatography. The ground powdered rhizomes of P. polyphylla was extracted with 100% hexane, 100% ethyl acetate, 70% ethanol, and 70% methanol. The extracts were filtered, evaporated using a rotary evaporator, concentrated, and measured. Subsequently, the solvent with high extraction yield was further purified using column chromatography. Ethanol produced the highest extraction yield as compared to the other solvents. About 30 fractions were eluted which was pooled into four fractions based on the Rf values and bands observed through thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis.
{"title":"Extraction and Purification of Secondary Metabolites of Paris polyphylla (Smith) Using Column Chromatography.","authors":"Arcadius Puwein, S. Thomas","doi":"10.54290/spect/2021.v8.1.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54290/spect/2021.v8.1.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Paris polyphylla Smith is an erect and herbaceous plant. It has rich chemical constituents such steroidal saponins, phytosterols, flavonoids, and alkaloids that possess antimicrobial and anticancer activities. In the current investigation, we examined the effect of different solvents in the extraction yield and further purification via column chromatography. The ground powdered rhizomes of P. polyphylla was extracted with 100% hexane, 100% ethyl acetate, 70% ethanol, and 70% methanol. The extracts were filtered, evaporated using a rotary evaporator, concentrated, and measured. Subsequently, the solvent with high extraction yield was further purified using column chromatography. Ethanol produced the highest extraction yield as compared to the other solvents. About 30 fractions were eluted which was pooled into four fractions based on the Rf values and bands observed through thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis.","PeriodicalId":313430,"journal":{"name":"Spectrum: Science and Technology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123303385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.54290/spect/2021.v8.1.0004
Nisha Chettri, Karan Nayak
The Shillong Plateau is characterised by multiple phases of deformation and number of prominent sets joints/fracture system. The Southern Shillong Plateau unlike the northern part is highly dissected by the scarp faces which are mostly erosional. The area is characterised by deep incising river networks which cuts across many lithological units. To understand the factors influencing the drainage characteristic of the area and landscape development, the present study has been done in context of morphometry, geomorphology and geology of the drainage basin. Fifteen sub basins of 4th order have been selected from the Um Sohrynkew River basin. Drainage morphometry, indices of active tectonism, geology and tectonics and landform features have been worked out for better evaluation of drainage characteristics. The study area forms part of the Meghalaya Precambrian province of upper Proterozoic age. The southern border of the Shillong Plateau is demarcated by Dauki (Also known as Dawki) fault which is a prominent structural lineament. It consists of at least four E-W trending normal faults with occasional reversal. The segment of the Dauki fault in the study area is believed to be active. The present study focuses on the drainage network and the landscape development of the study area where a very strong relationship has been observed between the lithology and structure together with the tectonic activity influencing the drainage pattern in the area.
{"title":"Drainage Basin Morphometry Analysis in Parts of South Shillong Plateau, Meghalaya: Implications for Landscape Development","authors":"Nisha Chettri, Karan Nayak","doi":"10.54290/spect/2021.v8.1.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54290/spect/2021.v8.1.0004","url":null,"abstract":"The Shillong Plateau is characterised by multiple phases of deformation and number of prominent sets joints/fracture system. The Southern Shillong Plateau unlike the northern part is highly dissected by the scarp faces which are mostly erosional. The area is characterised by deep incising river networks which cuts across many lithological units. To understand the factors influencing the drainage characteristic of the area and landscape development, the present study has been done in context of morphometry, geomorphology and geology of the drainage basin. Fifteen sub basins of 4th order have been selected from the Um Sohrynkew River basin. Drainage morphometry, indices of active tectonism, geology and tectonics and landform features have been worked out for better evaluation of drainage characteristics. The study area forms part of the Meghalaya Precambrian province of upper Proterozoic age. The southern border of the Shillong Plateau is demarcated by Dauki (Also known as Dawki) fault which is a prominent structural lineament. It consists of at least four E-W trending normal faults with occasional reversal. The segment of the Dauki fault in the study area is believed to be active. The present study focuses on the drainage network and the landscape development of the study area where a very strong relationship has been observed between the lithology and structure together with the tectonic activity influencing the drainage pattern in the area.","PeriodicalId":313430,"journal":{"name":"Spectrum: Science and Technology","volume":"178 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124412207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.54290/spect/2021.v8.1.0001
S. Dey, Mahendra Saha, S. Goswami
This paper addresses the different methods of estimation of the unknown parameter of one parameter A(α) distribution from the frequentist point of view. We briefly describe different approaches, namely, maximum likelihood estimator, least square and weighted least square estimators, maximum product spacing estimators, Cram´er-von Mises estimator and compare those using extensive numerical simulations. Next, we obtain parametric bootstrap confidence interval of the parameter using frequentist approaches. Finally, one real data set has been analysed for illustrative purposes.
{"title":"One Parameter A (α) Distribution: Different Methods of Estimation","authors":"S. Dey, Mahendra Saha, S. Goswami","doi":"10.54290/spect/2021.v8.1.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54290/spect/2021.v8.1.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the different methods of estimation of the unknown parameter of one parameter A(α) distribution from the frequentist point of view. We briefly describe different approaches, namely, maximum likelihood estimator, least square and weighted least square estimators, maximum product spacing estimators, Cram´er-von Mises estimator and compare those using extensive numerical simulations. Next, we obtain parametric bootstrap confidence interval of the parameter using frequentist approaches. Finally, one real data set has been analysed for illustrative purposes.","PeriodicalId":313430,"journal":{"name":"Spectrum: Science and Technology","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133623774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.54290/spect/2021.v8.1.0003
Jefrin Ahmed, J. Lamo, B. J. Mylliemngap
Protein kinases are key regulators of cell function that constitute one of the largest and most functionally diverse gene families. By adding phosphate groups to substrate proteins, they direct the activity, localization and overall function of many proteins, and serve to orchestrate the activity of almost all cellular processes. The main protein kinases consist of protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase B (PKB), and protein kinase C (PKC) and are distinguished from each other by the different intracellular second messengers involved in their regulation and by the selective substrates they use. They all have a binding site for Mg2+-ATP (phosphate donor) and for substrate protein as well as various regulatory sites. We formulated to compare the binding capacity of protein kinases at the active site to allosteric sites. By comparing the active site and allosteric site of the protein kinases – A, B and C, using molecular docking it was found that in most of the cases the binding energy is high when an inhibitor binds to an active site as compared to the allosteric site. This comparison gave us an understanding of the interaction and inhibition of compounds to protein kinases in order to inhibit the activity of protein kinase A, B and C. It was concluded that for inhibiting the protein kinase function such as cell division and proliferation, binding of inhibitor to the allosteric site will be more effective.
{"title":"Comparative Study of Active and Allosteric Interaction in Protein Kinases","authors":"Jefrin Ahmed, J. Lamo, B. J. Mylliemngap","doi":"10.54290/spect/2021.v8.1.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54290/spect/2021.v8.1.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Protein kinases are key regulators of cell function that constitute one of the largest and most functionally diverse gene families. By adding phosphate groups to substrate proteins, they direct the activity, localization and overall function of many proteins, and serve to orchestrate the activity of almost all cellular processes. The main protein kinases consist of protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase B (PKB), and protein kinase C (PKC) and are distinguished from each other by the different intracellular second messengers involved in their regulation and by the selective substrates they use. They all have a binding site for Mg2+-ATP (phosphate donor) and for substrate protein as well as various regulatory sites. We formulated to compare the binding capacity of protein kinases at the active site to allosteric sites. By comparing the active site and allosteric site of the protein kinases – A, B and C, using molecular docking it was found that in most of the cases the binding energy is high when an inhibitor binds to an active site as compared to the allosteric site. This comparison gave us an understanding of the interaction and inhibition of compounds to protein kinases in order to inhibit the activity of protein kinase A, B and C. It was concluded that for inhibiting the protein kinase function such as cell division and proliferation, binding of inhibitor to the allosteric site will be more effective.","PeriodicalId":313430,"journal":{"name":"Spectrum: Science and Technology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126278983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.54290/spect/2021.v8.1.0005
B. Massar
The present communication is the result of the analysis of drinking water of Lapalang village in Pynursla Block, East Khasi Hills District of Meghalaya performed in order to rule out the unscientific claims by villagers that the village drinking water is likely to have high concentration of lime. Water samples collected from the source (spring), storage tank and tap are analysed. The study shows that spring water is fit for consumption, however the same water supply collected from storage tank and tap is highly contaminated with coliform bacteria.
{"title":"Community managed Drinking water in Lapalang village: A challenge from Coliform Contamination","authors":"B. Massar","doi":"10.54290/spect/2021.v8.1.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54290/spect/2021.v8.1.0005","url":null,"abstract":"The present communication is the result of the analysis of drinking water of Lapalang village in Pynursla Block, East Khasi Hills District of Meghalaya performed in order to rule out the unscientific claims by villagers that the village drinking water is likely to have high concentration of lime. Water samples collected from the source (spring), storage tank and tap are analysed. The study shows that spring water is fit for consumption, however the same water supply collected from storage tank and tap is highly contaminated with coliform bacteria.","PeriodicalId":313430,"journal":{"name":"Spectrum: Science and Technology","volume":"32 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116355603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.54290/spect/2021.v8.1.0006
P. Phukan, M. A. Laskar, B. J. Mylliemngap, J. Lamo
Clitoria ternatea L. of the family Fabaceae is an economical, ornamental as well as medicinal important species. Chromosome characterization of C. ternatea, encompassing karyomorphological as well as fluorochrome binding was carried out in the present investigation. Karyomorphological studies showed the presence of 2n = 16 somatic chromosome number with three pairs of metacentric chromosomes and five pairs of submedian chromosomes. The analysis also revealed the present of one pair of nucleolar organizing region or satellite. Fluorochrome binding using chromomycin A3 (CMA) and 4-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) showed the presence of GC- and AT- rich heterochromatic region. Further analysis revealed the percentage of GC-rich was comparatively higher than AT-rich heterochromatic region. This is the first report on heterochromatin characterization in C. ternatea.
{"title":"Cytogenetical analysis of Clitoria ternatea","authors":"P. Phukan, M. A. Laskar, B. J. Mylliemngap, J. Lamo","doi":"10.54290/spect/2021.v8.1.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54290/spect/2021.v8.1.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Clitoria ternatea L. of the family Fabaceae is an economical, ornamental as well as medicinal important species. Chromosome characterization of C. ternatea, encompassing karyomorphological as well as fluorochrome binding was carried out in the present investigation. Karyomorphological studies showed the presence of 2n = 16 somatic chromosome number with three pairs of metacentric chromosomes and five pairs of submedian chromosomes. The analysis also revealed the present of one pair of nucleolar organizing region or satellite. Fluorochrome binding using chromomycin A3 (CMA) and 4-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) showed the presence of GC- and AT- rich heterochromatic region. Further analysis revealed the percentage of GC-rich was comparatively higher than AT-rich heterochromatic region. This is the first report on heterochromatin characterization in C. ternatea.","PeriodicalId":313430,"journal":{"name":"Spectrum: Science and Technology","volume":"192 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128389434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：