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Buyback and risk-sharing contracts to mitigate the supply and demand disruption risks 回购和风险分担合同,以减轻供需中断风险
Pub Date : 2021-05-07 DOI: 10.1504/EJIE.2021.116140
Rita Maria Difrancesco, P. Meena, R. Tibrewala
Events like the recent COVID-19 create major disruptions in global supply chains. Companies find it difficult to manage business continuity under supply uncertainties and disruptions. This paper investigates the buyer's optimal ordering decisions under stochastic demand, supply uncertainty, and disruption risks. We consider a two-echelon supply chain consisting of a single buyer and two suppliers. The main supplier is cheaper, but exposed to the risks of random yield and disruption. The backup supplier is perfectly reliable, but relatively expensive. An analytical model is developed using contract-based mechanisms considering the risks of demand uncertainty, supply disruption, and random yield. Two typologies of contracts with suppliers are considered, namely, risks sharing contract and buyback contract. A numerical study is performed to explore the effects of different parameters on the supply chain members' profits, providing guidelines for managers regarding how the supply chain's risks and demand uncertainty influence the ordering decisions. [Received: 5 November 2019; Accepted: 22 August 2020]
像最近的COVID-19这样的事件对全球供应链造成了重大破坏。在供应不确定和中断的情况下,企业很难管理业务连续性。研究了随机需求、供应不确定性和中断风险下的买方最优订货决策问题。我们考虑一个由一个买方和两个供应商组成的两级供应链。主要供应商更便宜,但面临随机产量和中断的风险。备用供应商非常可靠,但相对昂贵。考虑到需求不确定性、供应中断和随机产量的风险,利用基于契约的机制建立了一个分析模型。考虑了两种类型的供应商合同,即风险分担合同和回购合同。通过数值研究探讨了不同参数对供应链成员利润的影响,为供应链的风险和需求不确定性如何影响订货决策提供了指导。[收稿日期:2019年11月5日;录用日期:2020年8月22日]
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引用次数: 4
Solution approaches for the parallel machine order acceptance and scheduling problem with sequence-dependent setup times, release dates and deadlines 具有顺序相关的安装时间、发布日期和截止日期的并行机订单接受和调度问题的解决方法
Pub Date : 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.1504/EJIE.2021.115171
P. S. Bicakci, Tusan Derya, Imdat Kara
Order acceptance and scheduling problem arises when there is limited capacity to process all orders in a make-to-order environment. The paper examines the identical parallel machines order acceptance and scheduling problem with sequence-dependent setup times, release dates and deadlines. The extant literature is deeply researched, and it is concluded that well-designed mathematical formulations are still necessitated in this area. Therefore, a new formulation is proposed for this problem and a recent formulation is chosen from the literature in order to make the comparison. An extensive computational analysis is conducted to test the performance of the formulations. The proposed formulation outperformed the existing one in terms of run times and the number of optimal values. Besides, a variable neighbourhood search-based simulated annealing algorithm is propounded to solve large-sized instances. As a result, it is observed that the heuristic algorithm can solve large-sized instances effectively in a very short span of time. [Received: 18 December 2019; Accepted: 25 April 2020]
当在按订单生产的环境中处理所有订单的能力有限时,就会出现订单接受和调度问题。本文研究了具有序列依赖的安装时间、发布日期和截止日期的相同并行机订单接受和调度问题。通过对现有文献的深入研究,得出了在这一领域仍然需要精心设计的数学公式的结论。因此,本文针对这一问题提出了一个新的公式,并从文献中选择了一个最新的公式进行比较。进行了广泛的计算分析,以测试配方的性能。提出的公式在运行时间和最优值的数量方面优于现有的公式。此外,提出了一种基于变邻域搜索的模拟退火算法来求解大型实例。结果表明,启发式算法可以在很短的时间内有效地求解大型实例。[收稿日期:2019年12月18日;录用日期:2020年4月25日]
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引用次数: 1
Conservative profitability evaluation for a newsboy-type product based on achievable capacity index 基于可实现容量指数的报童型产品保守盈利能力评价
Pub Date : 2021-03-23 DOI: 10.1504/EJIE.2021.114014
R. Su, Chia-Huang Wu, Dong-Yuh Yang
The achievable capacity index (ACI) can measure the profitability of a newsboy-type product with probabilistic distributed demand. This criterion has been employed to deal with the problem of profitability evaluation by implementing statistical hypothesis testing. However, due to sampling errors, the point estimate of ACI probably overestimates the profitability. To this end, we derive a lower confidence bound of ACI (LCBA) to give a conservative evaluation of profitability. Since the complex sampling distribution of ACI makes it difficult to obtain an explicit closed-form expression of LCBA, we characterise the relationship between LCBA and estimator of ACI under given confidence level and sample size. A computational algorithm is proposed to obtain LCBA. Extensive numerical results of LCBA for various sample sizes, confidence levels and estimates are tabulated. Finally, we illustrate the practicality and applicability of the proposed method in an application example. Some managerial insights are also discussed. [Received: 21 May 2019; Accepted: 7 April 2020]
可实现容量指数(ACI)可以衡量具有概率分布需求的报童类产品的盈利能力。该准则已被用于处理盈利能力评估问题,通过实施统计假设检验。然而,由于抽样误差,ACI的点估计可能高估了盈利能力。为此,我们推导了ACI (LCBA)的下置信区间,给出了盈利能力的保守评价。由于ACI的复杂抽样分布使得很难得到LCBA的显式封闭表达式,我们描述了在给定置信水平和样本容量下LCBA与ACI估计量之间的关系。提出了一种求解LCBA的计算算法。广泛的数值结果LCBA为各种样本量,置信水平和估计表。最后,通过一个应用实例说明了该方法的实用性和适用性。还讨论了一些管理见解。[收稿日期:2019年5月21日;录用日期:2020年4月7日]
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引用次数: 0
Service capacity procurement in Logistics service supply chain with demand updating and reciprocal behavior 基于需求更新和互惠行为的物流服务供应链服务能力采购
Pub Date : 2021-02-03 DOI: 10.1504/EJIE.2021.10034936
Weihua Liu, Wanying Wei, D. Zhu
This paper builds a logistics service supply chain consisting of a logistics service integrator (LSI) and a functional logistics service provider (FLSP), where they collaborate with a reciprocity contract. We aim to analyse the impact of reciprocity on the supply chain members' two-stage service capability procurement decisions under demand updating through a multi-method, combining game theory and a case study. We find that a reciprocity contract could provide a win-win situation and coordinate the supply chain when reciprocity factors are in an appropriate range. Moreover, the reciprocal behaviour of LSI can promote the reduction of wholesale prices, and the reciprocal behaviour of FLSP will increase the purchasing quantity as well as bring forward the purchasing time point of LSI. Lastly, the reciprocal behaviour of both parties is mutually reinforcing; that is, when one party increases its own reciprocity factor, the other party also increases its reciprocity factor as a return. [Received: 30 September 2018; Accepted: 11 February 2020]
本文构建了一个由物流服务集成商(LSI)和功能物流服务提供商(FLSP)组成的物流服务供应链,并以互惠契约进行合作。本文采用博弈论与案例研究相结合的方法,分析了需求更新条件下互惠对供应链成员两阶段服务能力采购决策的影响。我们发现,当互惠因素在适当范围内时,互惠契约可以提供一个双赢的局面,并协调供应链。此外,大规模集成电路的互反行为可以促进批发价格的降低,而FLSP的互反行为将增加大规模集成电路的购买量并提前其购买时间点。最后,双方的互惠行为是相辅相成的;也就是说,当一方增加自己的互惠因子时,另一方也增加了自己的互惠因子作为回报。[收稿日期:2018年9月30日;录用日期:2020年2月11日]
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引用次数: 1
Hub location problem with balanced round-trip flows on hub links 枢纽链路上平衡往返流的枢纽定位问题
Pub Date : 2021-02-03 DOI: 10.1504/ejie.2021.10030376
Qing-Mi Hu
This paper addresses the classical single and multiple allocation hub location problems with fully interconnected hubs, in which the balanced round-trip flows on hub links are considered in the strategic decision making process. The use of balanced round-trip flows on hub links is motivated by the need to decrease the empty-trip rate of vehicles and increase the full-load rate of vehicles. Mixed-integer programming models are presented for single and multiple allocation versions of the problems. Numerical experiments with the CAB and AP datasets are performed to analyse the impacts of balanced flows on the network configurations and the utilisation of service resources. Experimental results show that the number of located hubs tends to decrease with a decrease in the allowable unbalanced round-trip degree of the hub link flows. The utilisation rate of transportation resources can be significantly improved with a small increase in the traditional operating cost. Moreover, a better modelling of economies of scale can be achieved when considering balanced flows. [Received: 22 September 2019; Accepted: 15 March 2020]
本文研究了典型的具有完全互联枢纽的单分配和多分配枢纽选址问题,在战略决策过程中考虑了枢纽链路上的均衡往返流。在枢纽链路上使用平衡往返流的动机是需要减少车辆的空行程率和增加车辆的满载率。针对问题的单分配版本和多分配版本,提出了混合整数规划模型。在CAB和AP数据集上进行了数值实验,分析了均衡流对网络配置和业务资源利用的影响。实验结果表明,随着轮毂链流允许不平衡往返程度的减小,轮毂定位数有减少的趋势。在传统运营成本增加较少的情况下,可以显著提高运输资源的利用率。此外,在考虑平衡流量时,可以更好地模拟规模经济。[收稿日期:2019年9月22日;录用日期:2020年3月15日]
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引用次数: 2
Neoteric ranked set sampling based combined Shewhart-CUSUM and Shewhart-EWMA control charts for monitoring the process location Neoteric基于排序集抽样的组合shehart - cusum和shehart - ewma控制图,用于监控过程位置
Pub Date : 2020-09-18 DOI: 10.1504/ejie.2020.10030237
T. Nawaz, D. Han
The use of efficient sampling designs can play a vital role to enhance the efficiency of the control charts for improved process monitoring. In this paper, the neoteric ranked set sampling scheme (NRSS) is used to design combined Shewhart-CUSUM (CSCUSUM) and Shewhart-EWMA (CSEWMA) control charts for monitoring of the process location with an aim to enhance the shift detection ability of these charts. Monte Carlo simulations are used to obtain the run lengths profiles of the proposed charts. The performance of the proposed charts is compared with their competing control charts using average run length, the standard deviation of run length, median run length and extra quadratic loss (EQL) as performance metrics. The proposed control charts emerged as more sensitive and in-control robust as compare to the existing charts. A real industrial dataset is used to demonstrate the implementation of the proposed charts for the practitioners. [Received: 11 May 2019; Accepted: 17 December 2019]
采用有效的抽样设计对提高控制图的效率、改进过程监控起着至关重要的作用。本文采用现代排序集抽样方案(NRSS)设计了用于过程位置监测的shehart - cusum (CSCUSUM)和shehart - ewma (CSEWMA)组合控制图,以提高这些控制图的位移检测能力。蒙特卡罗模拟用于获得所提出的图表的运行长度分布。使用平均运行长度、运行长度标准差、中位数运行长度和额外二次损失(EQL)作为性能指标,将所提出的图表的性能与竞争控制图进行比较。与现有的控制图相比,所提出的控制图更敏感,控制更稳健。一个真实的工业数据集被用来为从业者演示所提出的图表的实现。[收稿日期:2019年5月11日;录用日期:2019年12月17日]
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引用次数: 1
An efficient generalised opposition-based multi-objective optimisation method for factory cranes with time-space constraints 具有时空约束的工厂起重机多目标优化方法
Pub Date : 2020-09-18 DOI: 10.1504/ejie.2020.10032196
Binghai Zhou, Xiu-mei Liao
In order to improve the performance of large manufacturing enterprises, besides the adoption of new technologies, it is also feasible to efficiently schedule logistics equipment such as cranes, which costs much less since only software changes are involved. In this research, the objectives of minimising total waiting cost and total delay cost are optimised simultaneously when executing crane-delivery tasks in factories. Given the time-space constraints and NP-hard nature of the problem, a generalised opposition-based learning (GOBL) mechanism and two problem-based searching strategies are developed and fused into the multi-objective differential evolution approach, namely GOMODE. The introduction of GOBL mechanism enables the proposed algorithm to search in a more extensive solution space, which improves the population diversity and avoids the premature problem. The performance of the GOMODE has been compared with classical multi-objective optimisation algorithms. The experimental results indicate that the GOMODE achieves a better performance both on solutions' quality and diversity. [Received: 11 December 2018; Accepted: 23 December 2019]
为了提高大型制造企业的绩效,除了采用新技术之外,高效调度起重机等物流设备也是可行的,由于只涉及软件更改,因此成本要低得多。在本研究中,工厂在执行起重机交付任务时,同时优化了总等待成本和总延迟成本最小化的目标。考虑到问题的时空约束和NP-hard性质,本文提出了一种基于广义对立的学习(GOBL)机制和两种基于问题的搜索策略,并将其融合为多目标差分进化方法,即GOMODE。引入GOBL机制使算法能够在更广泛的解空间中进行搜索,提高了种群多样性,避免了早熟问题。并与经典的多目标优化算法进行了性能比较。实验结果表明,该算法在解的质量和多样性方面都取得了较好的效果。[收稿日期:2018年12月11日;录用日期:2019年12月23日]
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引用次数: 0
Project management under uncertainty: using flexible resource management to exploit schedule flexibility 不确定条件下的项目管理:利用柔性资源管理挖掘进度灵活性
Pub Date : 2020-09-18 DOI: 10.1504/ejie.2020.109899
João Faria, M. Araújo, E. Demeulemeester, Anabela Tereso
Project management still faces a wide gap separating theory from practice, especially regarding the robustness of the generated project schedules facing the omnipresence of uncertainty. A new approach to deal with uncertainty is presented to explore slack that might exist in a given project schedule. We propose that renewable resources' capacity to perform work can be increased so that they can perform additional work in a time unit or can be decreased with the consequent reduction on the performed work. This possibility combined with the slack that some activities have in a specific schedule can be used to absorb deviations that might occur during a project's execution. When a critical activity is about to have its duration increased, slowing down other non-critical activities by putting their resources in a decreased work mode enables the activity to still be executed within time by using resources in an increased working mode. [Received: 14 February 2018; Revised: 2 January 2019; Revised: 8 June 2019; Accepted: 17 November 2019]
项目管理仍然面临着理论与实践之间的巨大差距,特别是在面对无所不在的不确定性时所生成的项目进度的鲁棒性方面。提出了一种处理不确定性的新方法,以探索给定项目进度中可能存在的懈怠。我们建议可以增加可再生资源的做功能力,以便在一个时间单位内完成额外的工作,或者可以减少可再生资源的做功能力,从而减少已完成的工作。这种可能性与特定进度表中某些活动的空闲相结合,可以用来吸收在项目执行期间可能发生的偏差。当一个关键活动的持续时间即将增加时,通过将其他非关键活动的资源置于减少的工作模式中来减慢它们的速度,从而使该活动仍然能够在增加的工作模式中使用资源来执行。[收稿日期:2018年2月14日;修订日期:2019年1月2日;修订日期:2019年6月8日;录用日期:2019年11月17日]
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引用次数: 0
Commission production contracts with revenue sharing for a capacitated manufacturer and multiple retailers 一个有生产能力的制造商和多个零售商的委托生产合同的收益分成
Pub Date : 2020-07-08 DOI: 10.1504/ejie.2020.10030238
Xiyang Hou, Yongjiang Guo, P. Cao
In this paper, we consider a manufacturer with limited production capacity producing multiple kinds of independent products, such that each kind of product is sold by a distinct retailer who is offered a commission production contract with revenue sharing by the manufacturer. We study the contract in the centralised and decentralised systems respectively. Under certain conditions of price elasticities and cost fractions, we show the uniqueness of optimal revenue share for all products. Moreover, by comparing both systems with same capacity constraint, we find that at least one retailer's price in the centralised system is higher than that of the decentralised system, and the order quantity for that retailer is lower under some conditions. As a consequence, the decentralised system's profit is always higher than the centralised system's profit under that condition. Also, the retailers' optimal prices (resp. order quantities) are increasing (resp. decreasing) in production capacity of the manufacturer, whereas the manufacturer's expected profit is increasing in its production capacity in both systems. Finally, we conduct numerical study to justify our theoretical results, and examine the effect of processing cost on both systems' profits, and the effect of demand uncertainty on the optimal prices and order quantities. [Received 22 May 2018; Accepted 28 October 2019]
在本文中,我们考虑一个生产能力有限的制造商生产多种独立的产品,每种产品由不同的零售商销售,零售商提供委托生产合同,制造商分享收益。我们分别研究了中心化系统和去中心化系统中的契约。在一定的价格弹性和成本分数条件下,我们证明了所有产品的最优收益份额的唯一性。此外,通过比较具有相同容量约束的两种系统,我们发现在某些条件下,集中式系统中至少有一个零售商的价格高于分散式系统,并且该零售商的订货量更低。因此,在这种情况下,去中心化系统的利润总是高于集中化系统的利润。同时,零售商的最优价格(p < 0)。订单数量正在增加(见图表)。在两个系统中,制造商的生产能力都在下降,而制造商的预期利润在其生产能力中都在增加。最后,我们通过数值研究来证明我们的理论结果,并检验了加工成本对两个系统利润的影响,以及需求不确定性对最优价格和订单数量的影响。[收到2018年5月22日;接受2019年10月28日]
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引用次数: 0
A HYBRID MODEL FOR MIX-BANK BUFFER CONTENT DETERMINATION IN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY 汽车工业混合缓冲液含量测定的混合模型
Pub Date : 2020-07-08 DOI: 10.1504/ejie.2020.10029433
Elif Elçin Günay, Ufuk Kula
In mixed-model automobile assembly lines, paint defective vehicles are the main reason for unintentional sequence alteration that stirs up the production sequence so that resequencing is required. This study aims to decide optimal spare vehicles that are held in the mix-bank buffer to be replaced instead of defective vehicles in order to regain the production sequence. We develop a hybrid solution methodology in which optimal spare vehicle content is determined by genetic algorithm (GA) and the releasing order of the vehicles to final assembly (FA) are decided by stochastic mixed integer programming (MIP) model. In addition to discussing the efficiency of the hybrid model, the following insights were gained: 1) not only FA but also paint shop constraints should be considered in production sequence determination when mix-bank buffer is efficiently used; 2) the decrease in defect rate improves sequence restoration linearly; 3) effect of an additional lane on SSAR increase is diminishing. [Received: 22 December 2018; Accepted: 28 October 2019]
在混合车型装配线中,油漆缺陷车辆是导致生产序列发生非故意改变的主要原因,从而打乱了生产序列,需要重新排序。本研究的目的是确定混合银行缓冲区中最优的备用车辆来替代有缺陷的车辆,以恢复生产顺序。提出了一种混合求解方法,采用遗传算法确定最优备用车辆数量,采用随机混合整数规划(MIP)模型确定车辆到总装的释放顺序。除了讨论混合模型的效率外,还获得了以下见解:1)在有效使用混合银行缓冲液时,在确定生产顺序时不仅要考虑FA,还要考虑油漆车间的约束;2)缺陷率的降低线性提高了序列恢复;3)增加一条车道对SSAR增加的影响正在减弱。[收稿日期:2018年12月22日;录用日期:2019年10月28日]
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引用次数: 3
期刊
European J. of Industrial Engineering
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