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An EOQ model for deteriorating item with promotional effort and credit linked demand 具有促销努力和信用关联需求的变质物品EOQ模型
Pub Date : 2019-05-28 DOI: 10.1504/EJIE.2019.100015
A. Kundu, P. Guchhait, G. Panigrahi, M. Maiti
In the traditional supply chain models, it is observed that usually suppliers offer to the retailers a credit period and also the retailer to the customers to stimulate sales and reduce inventory. This practice of retailers increases the default risk of the percentage of customers not willing to pay back. In this paper, an inventory model has been developed under two levels of trade credit policy with customers' default risk consideration for a deteriorating item having a maximum lifetime. The supplier offers a partially permissible delay in payment per order and the retailer, in turn, provides a part of it to customers. Here, both demand and default risk are functions of the customer's trade credit period, whereas demand is also promotional effort sensitive. To mimic the changing market, the inventory costs are assumed to be imprecise. The models are illustrated numerically and some sensitivity analyses are presented. [Received: 13 January 2017; Revised: 14 September 2017; Revised: 10 June 2018; Accepted: 10 December 2018]
在传统的供应链模型中,通常是供应商向零售商提供一个信用期,零售商也向顾客提供一个信用期来刺激销售和减少库存。零售商的这种做法增加了不愿意还款的客户比例的违约风险。本文建立了两级贸易信用政策下的库存模型,考虑了客户对具有最大使用寿命的劣化物品的违约风险考虑。供应商在每个订单中提供部分允许的延迟付款,而零售商则将其中的一部分提供给客户。在这里,需求和违约风险都是客户贸易信用期的函数,而需求也是促销努力敏感的。为了模拟不断变化的市场,假定库存成本是不精确的。对模型进行了数值说明,并进行了一些敏感性分析。[收稿日期:2017年1月13日;修订日期:2017年9月14日;修订日期:2018年6月10日;录用日期:2018年12月10日]
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引用次数: 5
An optimal ordering and replenishment policy for a vendor-buyer system under varying replenishment intervals and delayed payment 不同补货间隔和延迟付款条件下的最优订货和补货策略
Pub Date : 2019-03-27 DOI: 10.1504/EJIE.2019.10020077
A. Taleizadeh, H. Zarei, B. Sarker
The replenishment intervals can be probabilistic when the system or the supplier has problem with manufacturing or shipping the goods. In this paper, an economic order quantity (EOQ) model with probabilistic replenishment intervals and permissible delay in payments with partial backordering is developed. This paper considers three different possible situations and suggests optimal inventory policy for each situation separately regarding the amount of expected order quantity and replenishment-up-to level that maximises the expected cyclic profit for the buyers. The model is analysed for the uniform and exponential probability distribution functions (PDF) for time of replenishment and a closed-form solution is achieved in all cases. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed to know the general functional behaviour and to clarify the applicability of the proposed model when the system behaviour is unstable. The results indicate that a customer can obtain the optimum replenishment-up-to level and order quantity when the replenishment intervals is probabilistic in three different possible situations. [Received: 17 August 2017; Revised: 10 January 2018; Revised: 23 August 2018; Accepted: 11 November 2018]
当系统或供应商在制造或运输货物时出现问题时,补货间隔可能是概率性的。本文建立了具有概率补货间隔和允许延迟付款的部分延期订货的经济订货量模型。本文考虑了三种不同的可能情况,并针对每种情况分别提出了最优库存策略,即期望订货量和补货量达到最大的期望周期利润水平。对该模型进行了补货时间均匀概率分布函数和指数概率分布函数的分析,得到了所有情况下的封闭解。最后,进行了灵敏度分析,以了解一般的功能行为,并阐明了当系统行为不稳定时所提出的模型的适用性。结果表明,在三种不同的可能情况下,当补货间隔为概率时,客户可以获得最优的补货数量和订单数量。[收稿日期:2017年8月17日;修订日期:2018年1月10日;修订日期:2018年8月23日;录用日期:2018年11月11日]
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引用次数: 9
Development of an operational and tactical decision support tool for a Canadian beverage firm: a case study 一个加拿大饮料公司的操作和战术决策支持工具的发展:一个案例研究
Pub Date : 2019-03-27 DOI: 10.1504/EJIE.2019.10020073
Mehmet A. Begen, M. Puterman, Hongtu Wu
This paper describes a logistics optimisation case study for a Canadian beverage manufacturer and distributor. The goal was to determine production, distribution and inventory plans for a given product line to help the company with its challenges due to production shortages, stock-outs and high transportation costs in a new and highly competitive market. We built and implemented an optimisation model in Excel with VBA as a customised planning tool. Although we originally designed the tool for operational planning, the beverage company first used it for tactical planning (in price negotiations with the firm's subcontractors, deciding whether to buy a bankrupt subcontractor production site, and quantification of carrying extra inventory). The tool has changed the way the company conducts its business planning by evaluating 'what if' scenarios, finding an optimal operational plan, and forcing the company to think more strategically and for longer horizons. [Received: 21 January 2017; Revised: 30 March 2018; Revised: 30 September 2018; Accepted: 28 October 2018]
本文描述了一个加拿大饮料制造商和分销商的物流优化案例研究。目标是确定给定产品线的生产,分销和库存计划,以帮助公司应对在竞争激烈的新市场中由于生产短缺,缺货和高运输成本而面临的挑战。我们在Excel中使用VBA作为定制规划工具构建并实现了优化模型。虽然我们最初设计的工具是用于运营规划,但饮料公司首先将其用于战术规划(与公司分包商的价格谈判,决定是否购买破产分包商的生产场地,以及携带额外库存的量化)。该工具通过评估“假设”情景,找到最佳运营计划,并迫使公司进行更具战略性和更长远的思考,改变了公司开展业务规划的方式。[收稿日期:2017年1月21日;修订日期:2018年3月30日;修订日期:2018年9月30日;录用日期:2018年10月28日]
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引用次数: 1
Two-echelon supply chain coordination with advertising-driven demand under Stackelberg game policy Stackelberg博弈策略下广告驱动需求的两级供应链协调
Pub Date : 2019-03-27 DOI: 10.1504/EJIE.2019.10020074
J. Noh, Jongsoo Kim, B. Sarkar
This paper develops a two-echelon supply chain model with a single manufacturer and a single retailer, where the demand is sensitive to advertising and retail price. To resolve the supply chain coordination, three strategies are introduced as retailer leader-manufacturer follower, manufacturer leader-retailer follower, and centralised supply chain. Based on these strategies, this paper suggests an optimal production rate, a production lot size, shortage level, an advertising expenditure, and retail price. Stackelberg approach is employed for solving leader-follower game to obtain the maximum profit of both manufacturer and retailer. The improved algorithm is developed to obtain the numerical results. For testing the model, this paper considers several numerical experiments, graphical illustrations, and sensitivity analysis. The result shows that the strategy of retailer leader-manufacturer follower obtains the highest profit than other strategies. [Received: 23 September 2017; Revised: 28 November 2017; Revised: 29 April 2018; Revised: 19 July 2018; Revised: 21 October 2018; Accepted: 21 October 2018]
本文建立了一个具有单一制造商和单一零售商的两级供应链模型,其中需求对广告和零售价格敏感。为了解决供应链协调问题,提出了零售商领导-制造商跟随者策略、制造商领导-零售商跟随者策略和集中式供应链策略。基于这些策略,本文提出了最优的生产速率、生产批量、短缺水平、广告支出和零售价格。采用Stackelberg方法求解领导者-追随者博弈,使制造商和零售商都能获得最大利润。提出了一种改进算法,得到了数值结果。为了验证模型,本文考虑了几个数值实验,图形说明和灵敏度分析。结果表明,零售商领导-制造商跟随策略比其他策略获得的利润最高。[收稿日期:2017年9月23日;修订日期:2017年11月28日;修订日期:2018年4月29日;修订日期:2018年7月19日;修订日期:2018年10月21日;录用日期:2018年10月21日]
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引用次数: 27
An integrated model of statistical process control and maintenance planning for a two-stage dependent process under general deterioration 一般劣化情况下两阶段依赖过程的统计过程控制与维修计划集成模型
Pub Date : 2019-03-27 DOI: 10.1504/EJIE.2019.10020065
H. Rasay, M. Fallahnezhad, Y. Zaremehrjerdi
Consider a two-stage dependent process in which each stage has a unique quality characteristic. Based on a regression formula, the quality characteristic of the second stage is dependent on that of the first stage. There may be two assignable causes in the process. Each cause can lead to a change in the mean of the process. The process failure mechanism for each stage follows a general continuous distribution function, and two control charts are simultaneously used to monitor the process. Specifically, the first stage is monitored using a Shwehart control chart, and the second stage is monitored using a cause-selecting control chart. An integrated model is developed for maintenance planning (MP) and statistical process control (SPC). To analyse the performance of the integrated model, a stand-alone model for SPC is developed. A comparison of the two models, i.e., the integrated model and the stand-alone model, is conducted. Finally, using a fractional factorial design, a depth analysis is performed about the integrated model. [Received: 10 February 2018; Revised: 21 April 2018; Revised: 4 June 2018; Revised: 12 September 2018; Revised: 7 October 2018; Accepted: 9 October 2018]
考虑一个两阶段相关的过程,其中每个阶段都有一个独特的质量特征。根据回归公式,第二阶段的质量特征依赖于第一阶段的质量特征。在这个过程中可能有两个可分配的原因。每个原因都可能导致过程平均值的变化。每个阶段的过程失效机制遵循一般连续分布函数,并同时使用两个控制图来监控过程。具体来说,第一阶段使用施韦哈特控制图进行监控,第二阶段使用原因选择控制图进行监控。建立了维修计划(MP)和统计过程控制(SPC)的集成模型。为了分析集成模型的性能,开发了一个SPC独立模型。对两种模型即集成模型和独立模型进行了比较。最后,采用分数因子设计对集成模型进行深度分析。[收稿日期:2018年2月10日;修订日期:2018年4月21日;修订日期:2018年6月4日;修订日期:2018年9月12日;修订日期:2018年10月7日;录用日期:2018年10月9日]
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引用次数: 10
Effect of supply disruption on inventory policy 供应中断对库存政策的影响
Pub Date : 2019-03-27 DOI: 10.1504/EJIE.2019.10020067
Chirakiat Saithong, H. T. Luong
This research examines a two-stage supply chain that comprises a supplier who is subject to stochastic disruption and a retailer who has to deal with supply disruption by holding inventory. Under a periodic-review base-stock inventory policy, the main objectives of this study are to determine the optimal inventory policy in the presence of stochastic supply disruption so as to minimise the total inventory cost as well as to analyse the impact of supply disruption on the optimal inventory policy. In this research, the length of a supply disruption is modelled as a continuous random variable, distinguishing it from previous research which modelled the length of a supply disruption as a discrete random variable that receives values only as multiples of the length of a review period. Numerical experiments have been conducted to illustrate the applicability of the proposed inventory model and to examine the effects of various input parameters on the optimal inventory policy. Furthermore, compared with the optimal inventory policy derived when the length of a supply disruption is considered as a multiple of the length of a review period, the proposed inventory model in this research can help derive a more precise optimal inventory policy. [Received: 13 February 2017; Revised: 7 December 2017; Accepted: 17 October 2018]
本研究考察了一个两阶段的供应链,包括一个受随机中断影响的供应商和一个必须通过持有库存来处理供应中断的零售商。在定期审查基础库存政策下,本研究的主要目标是在随机供应中断的情况下确定最优库存政策,以使总库存成本最小化,并分析供应中断对最优库存政策的影响。在本研究中,供应中断的长度被建模为一个连续的随机变量,区别于之前的研究,后者将供应中断的长度建模为一个离散的随机变量,其值仅作为审查周期长度的倍数。通过数值实验验证了所提库存模型的适用性,并检验了不同输入参数对最优库存策略的影响。此外,与考虑供应中断长度为审查周期长度的倍数时推导出的最优库存策略相比,本文提出的库存模型有助于推导出更精确的最优库存策略。[收稿日期:2017年2月13日;修订日期:2017年12月7日;录用日期:2018年10月17日]
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引用次数: 5
Flowshop sequence-dependent group scheduling with minimisation of weighted earliness and tardiness 最小化加权早迟到的流水车间序列相关群调度
Pub Date : 2019-02-25 DOI: 10.1504/EJIE.2019.10019371
T. Keshavarz, Nasser Salmasi, Mohsen Varmazyar
In this research, we approach the flowshop sequence-dependent group scheduling problem with minimisation of total weighted earliness and tardiness as the objective for the first time. A mixed integer linear programming model is developed to solve the problem optimally. Since the proposed research problem is proven to be NP-hard, a hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm based on the particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm, enhanced with neighbourhood search is developed to heuristically solve the problem. Since the objective is a non-regular, a timing algorithm is developed to find the best schedule for each sequence provided by the metaheuristic algorithm. A lower bounding method is also developed by reformulating the problem as a Dantzig-Wolf decomposition model to evaluate the performance of the proposed PSO algorithm. The computational results, based on using available test problems in the literature, demonstrate that the proposed PSO algorithm and the lower bounding method are quite effective, especially in the instances with loose due date. [Received: 17 February 2018; Revised: 27 July 2018; Accepted: 25 August 2018]
本文首次以最小化总加权早迟到为目标,研究了基于流水车间序列的群调度问题。为了最优地解决这一问题,建立了一个混合整数线性规划模型。由于所提出的研究问题被证明是np困难的,因此提出了一种基于粒子群优化(PSO)算法并增强邻域搜索的混合元启发式算法来启发式解决该问题。由于目标是非规则的,因此开发了一种定时算法来为元启发式算法提供的每个序列找到最佳调度。通过将问题重新表述为dantzigg - wolf分解模型,提出了一种下边界方法来评估所提出的粒子群算法的性能。利用文献中已有的测试问题,计算结果表明,所提出的粒子群算法和下边界方法是非常有效的,特别是在期限松散的情况下。[收稿日期:2018年2月17日;修订日期:2018年7月27日;录用日期:2018年8月25日]
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引用次数: 22
Scheduling TV advertisements via genetic algorithm 基于遗传算法的电视广告调度
Pub Date : 2019-02-25 DOI: 10.1504/EJIE.2019.097926
Kateryna Czerniachowska
Television advertising is vital to the television industry and is one of the most popular ways for advertisers to increase sales. This paper discusses the problem of scheduling TV advertisements according to each advertisers' need and budget limitations, with the objective of maximising total viewership. The proposed solution is the genetic algorithm, and its efficiency has been evaluated using list and random-list algorithms during long (one month) and short (one week) advertising campaign periods. Computational results show that this algorithm can obtain satisfactory results for real-world test problems, based on data from a marketing research company. [Received: 30 November 2017; Revised: 14 April 2018; Revised: 15 September 2018; Revised: 20 September 2018; Accepted: 22 September 2018]
电视广告对电视行业至关重要,是广告商增加销售的最受欢迎的方式之一。本文讨论了以总收视率最大化为目标,根据每个广告主的需求和预算限制来安排电视广告的问题。提出的解决方案是遗传算法,并使用列表和随机列表算法在长(一个月)和短(一周)广告活动期间对其效率进行了评估。计算结果表明,该算法在实际测试问题中可以获得满意的结果,基于某市场研究公司的数据。[收稿日期:2017年11月30日;修订日期:2018年4月14日;修订日期:2018年9月15日;修订日期:2018年9月20日;录用日期:2018年9月22日]
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引用次数: 1
A continuous review (s, S) inventory system with postponed demands at service facility 对服务设施的延期需求进行持续审查的库存系统
Pub Date : 2019-02-25 DOI: 10.1504/EJIE.2019.10019377
J. Jenifer, B. Sivakumar
In this article, we present a continuous review (s, S) inventory system with a service facility consisting of finite waiting hall (capacity N) and a single server. The customers arrive according to a Poisson process. The individual customer's unit demand is satisfied after a random time of service, which is assumed to be exponential. An arriving customer, who finds the waiting hall is full, enters into the pool of infinite size or leaves the system which is according to a Bernolli trial. The joint probability distribution of the number of customers in the pool, number of customers in the waiting hall and the inventory level is obtained in the steady-state case. Various stationary system performance measures are computed and total expected cost rate is calculated. The results are illustrated numerically. [Received: 8 January 2017; Revised: 28 February 2018; Accepted: 30 July 2018]
在本文中,我们提出了一个具有有限的等待大厅(容量N)和单个服务器组成的服务设施的连续审查(s, s)库存系统。客户按照泊松过程到达。单个客户的单位需求在一个随机的服务时间后得到满足,假设服务时间是指数型的。根据伯诺利试验,到达的顾客发现等候大厅已经满了,就会进入无限大的水池,或者离开系统。在稳态情况下,得到了池中顾客数量、等候大厅顾客数量和库存水平的联合概率分布。计算了固定系统的各种性能指标,并计算了总预期成本率。结果用数值说明。[收稿日期:2017年1月8日;修订日期:2018年2月28日;录用日期:2018年7月30日]
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引用次数: 4
Side-sensitive synthetic double sampling X control charts 侧敏合成双采样X控制图
Pub Date : 2019-02-25 DOI: 10.1504/EJIE.2019.10019375
J. Malela‐Majika, E. Rapoo
This paper develops two new synthetic double sampling (SDS) charts based on the revised side-sensitive (RSS) and modified side-sensitive (MSS) schemes for monitoring the location process parameter. In this paper, we first give the operation of the proposed charts and secondly, the exact form expression of the probability of declaring a sampling stage as 'conforming'. Thirdly, we investigate the zero-state and steady-state performances of the proposed charts in terms of the out-of-control average run-length, average sample size, average number of observations to signal and average extra quadratic loss. Finally, we compare the performance of the new charts with some well-known charts. It is observed that the proposed charts have attractive zero-state and steady-state properties and outperform the existing SDS chart and all other competing charts in many situations. An example of a real-life application is given to facilitate the design and implementation of the proposed charts. [Received: 28 February 2017; Revised: 14 March 2018; Revised: 28 August 2018; Accepted: 4 October 2018]
本文在修正侧敏(RSS)和修正侧敏(MSS)方案的基础上,开发了两种新的合成双采样(SDS)图,用于定位过程参数的监测。在本文中,我们首先给出了所提出的图表的操作,然后给出了声明一个抽样阶段为“符合”的概率的确切形式表达式。第三,我们从失控的平均运行长度、平均样本量、平均观测到的信号数量和平均额外二次损失等方面研究了所提出的图表的零状态和稳态性能。最后,我们将新图表的性能与一些知名图表进行了比较。我们观察到,所提出的图表具有吸引人的零状态和稳态特性,并且在许多情况下优于现有的SDS图表和所有其他竞争图表。为了便于设计和实现所提出的图表,文中给出了一个实际应用的例子。[收稿日期:2017年2月28日;修订日期:2018年3月14日;修订日期:2018年8月28日;录用日期:2018年10月4日]
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引用次数: 6
期刊
European J. of Industrial Engineering
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