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Pulmonary tuberculosis and melioidosis coinfection in Brunei Darussalam: the importance of awareness and screening. 文莱达鲁萨兰国肺结核和类鼻疽病合并感染:认识和筛查的重要性。
IF 1 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.4.957
Abdur Rahman Rubel, Babu Ivan Mani, Panduru Venkata Kishore, Vui Heng Chong

Both tuberculosis (TB) and melioidosis are endemic to certain parts of the world, including Brunei Darussalam, with TB being more widespread. Despite this, coinfection with TB and melioidosis is rarely encountered and reported. Although still uncommon, there has been an increase in the number of cases of this coinfection reported during the past 10 years, all of which have been in India and the World Health Organization's Western Pacific Region. We report a case of coinfection with pulmonary TB and melioidosis in a patient with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. This 64-year-old man presented with symptoms and radiological features of pulmonary TB, confirmed by sputum smear, but sputum culture also yielded Burkholderia pseudomallei, the pathogen that causes melioidosis. Coinfection was detected due to our practice of routinely screening for other infections in patients suspected or confirmed to have pulmonary TB. This highlights the importance of awareness of melioidosis and the need to consider screening for infection, especially in endemic regions.

结核病和类鼻疽病都是世界某些地区的地方病,包括文莱达鲁萨兰国,结核病更为普遍。尽管如此,结核病和类鼻疽的合并感染很少遇到和报道。虽然仍然不常见,但在过去10年中报告的这种合并感染病例数量有所增加,所有这些病例都发生在印度和世界卫生组织西太平洋区域。我们报告一例合并感染肺结核和类鼻疽在病人控制不良的糖尿病。这名64岁男子经痰涂片证实有肺结核的症状和放射学特征,但痰培养也检出引起类鼻疽病的伯克霍尔德菌。由于我们对疑似或确诊肺结核患者的其他感染进行常规筛查,因此发现了合并感染。这突出了认识类鼻疽病的重要性和考虑筛查感染的必要性,特别是在流行地区。
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引用次数: 1
COVID-19 symptom duration: associations with age, severity and vaccination status in Brunei Darussalam, 2021. 2021年文莱达鲁萨兰国COVID-19症状持续时间:与年龄、严重程度和疫苗接种状况的关系
IF 1 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.4.941
Shi Ying Tan, Shyh Poh Teo, Muhd Syafiq Abdullah, Pui Lin Chong, Rosmonaliza Asli, Babu Ivan Mani, Natalie Riamiza Momin, Adrian Chin Ann Lim, Noor Affizan Rahman, Chee Fui Chong, Vui Heng Chong

Objective: This retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study assessed the duration of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms during the second wave in Brunei Darussalam.

Methods: Data from COVID-19 cases admitted to the National Isolation Centre during 7-30 August 2021 were included in the study. Symptom onset and daily symptom assessments were entered into a database during hospitalization and disease was categorized by severity. The time between symptom onset and hospital admission, the duration of symptoms and length of hospitalization were assessed separately by age group, disease severity and vaccination status using one-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc corrections.

Results: Data from 548 cases were included in the study: 55.7% (305) of cases were male, and cases had a mean age of 33.7 years. Overall, 81.3% (446) reported symptoms at admission (mean number of symptoms and standard deviation: 2.8 ± 1.6), with cough (59.1%; 324), fever (38.9%; 213) and sore throat (18.4%; 101) being the most common. Being older, having more severe disease and being unvaccinated were significantly associated with the time between symptom onset and hospital admission, symptom duration and length of hospitalization.

Discussion: Knowing which factors predict the duration of COVID-19 symptoms can help in planning management strategies, such as the duration of isolation, predict the length of hospitalization and treatment, and provide more accurate counselling to patients regarding their illness.

目的:本回顾性、横断面、观察性研究评估了文莱达鲁萨兰国第二波冠状病毒病2019 (COVID-19)症状持续时间。方法:研究纳入了2021年8月7日至30日在国家隔离中心收治的COVID-19病例的数据。住院期间的症状发作和日常症状评估被录入数据库,疾病按严重程度分类。症状出现和入院之间的时间、症状持续时间和住院时间分别按年龄组、疾病严重程度和疫苗接种情况进行评估,采用单向方差分析和Bonferroni事后校正。结果:548例纳入研究,其中男性305例(55.7%),平均年龄33.7岁。总体而言,81.3%(446人)报告了入院时的症状(平均症状数和标准差:2.8±1.6),咳嗽(59.1%;324例),发热(38.9%);213例)和喉咙痛(18.4%);是最常见的。年龄越大、病情越严重、未接种疫苗与症状出现至入院时间、症状持续时间和住院时间显著相关。讨论:了解哪些因素可以预测COVID-19症状的持续时间,有助于制定隔离时间等管理策略,预测住院和治疗时间,并为患者提供更准确的疾病咨询。
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引用次数: 3
Mass COVID-19 testing of asymptomatic health-care workers in a tertiary hospital during an outbreak in another hospital in Singapore: an effective strategy? 在新加坡另一家医院爆发疫情期间,对三级医院无症状医护人员进行大规模COVID-19检测:一种有效策略?
IF 1 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.4.951
William T Wang, Hwang Ching Chan, Jyoti Somani, See Ming Lim
In response to a COVID-19 outbreak within a hospital in Singapore, a single mass swab exercise was conducted at another tertiary hospital to detect possible inter-hospital transmission. The exercise yielded no positive results, demonstrating non-targeted mass testing as an impractical strategy to track inter-hospital transmission.
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引用次数: 0
Epidemiological profile of dengue in Champasak and Savannakhet provinces, Lao People's Democratic Republic, 2003-2020. 2003-2020年老挝人民民主共和国占巴塞省和萨凡纳吉省登革热流行病学概况
IF 1 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.4.932
Sumaira Zafar, Hans J Overgaard, Tiengkham Pongvongsa, Nanthasane Vannavong, Sysavanh Phommachanh, Oleg Shipin, Joacim Rocklöv, Richard E Paul, Md Siddikur Rahman, Mayfong Mayxay
Dengue is a public health issue in tropical south-eastern Asia responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Information on dengue epidemiology is necessary for developing strategies to control infections effectively. In the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), Champasak and Savannakhet provinces account for around 30% of the national dengue burden. In this study, the dengue epidemiological profile in these two southern provinces of Lao PDR was described by analysing seasonal and spatial dengue notification data from 2003–2020 using the long-term mean (LTM) method. Savannakhet had a higher LTM (132.0 cases/month, 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 92.2–171.7) than Champasak (113.3 cases/month, 95% CI: 86.0–140.5), with peaks in dengue notifications following the rainy season in both provinces. The highest notification rates were observed in July to September; these months were also when the LTM was most frequently exceeded. Previously, dengue notifications were largely confined to the western districts of Savannakhet and the northern districts of Champasak, but more recently, notifications have increased in the eastern districts of Savannakhet and southern districts of Champasak. While the notification rate remained high in children and young adults (5–30 years), especially among students and farmers, a shift in the age structure of dengue cases was observed, with a greater proportion of notifications now occurring in those aged over 30 years. Community-based vector control and prevention programmes are needed to restrict the spread of dengue into new geographical areas in the southern provinces of Lao PDR.
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引用次数: 0
Outbreak of Ralstonia bacteraemia among chronic kidney disease patients in a haemodialysis unit in the Philippines. 在菲律宾的一个血液透析单位慢性肾脏病患者爆发拉尔斯顿菌血症。
IF 1 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.4.960
Denmarc R Aranas, Bernard A Demot, Thea Pamela T Cajulao

Ralstonia insidiosa is an opportunistic pathogen considered an emerging problem among clinically vulnerable populations such as those with chronic kidney disease. This study presents three cases of Ralstonia bacteraemia among chronic kidney disease patients in a haemodialysis unit in Baguio City, the Philippines. Case 1 was an elderly male who experienced chills during two concurrent dialysis sessions. Case 2 was a young female who also experienced chills and dizziness during a dialysis session; as this was thought to be related to hypotension, she was admitted. Case 3 was an elderly female with known hypertension and diabetes who had been newly diagnosed with chronic kidney disease; she was brought to the emergency department hypotensive, dyspnoeic and disoriented with deranged laboratory parameters and was admitted to the intensive care unit. All three cases had blood cultures positive for R. insidiosa with an attack rate of 1.67%. Drug and device tracing were conducted and environmental samples collected to identify the source of infection. A sample from the faucet of the reprocessing machine in the haemodialysis unit that was positive for Ralstonia spp. was the source of the outbreak. Control measures were implemented and the haemodialysis unit was thoroughly cleaned. No further cases were reported, with active surveillance continuing until January 2022. Taken with previously published outbreaks, these findings suggest that medical products and devices can be contaminated with Ralstonia spp. and cause illness. Early identification of cases and the source of infection is required to prevent large outbreaks in this vulnerable population.

裂谷杆菌是一种机会性病原体,被认为是临床易感人群(如慢性肾病患者)中新出现的问题。本研究提出了三例拉尔斯顿菌菌血症慢性肾病患者在碧瑶市血液透析单位,菲律宾。病例1是一位老年男性,他在两次同步透析期间经历了寒战。病例2是一名年轻女性,她在透析期间也经历了寒战和头晕;由于这被认为与低血压有关,她住院了。病例3为已知高血压和糖尿病的老年女性,新诊断为慢性肾病;她被送到急诊科低血压、呼吸困难、定向障碍、实验室参数紊乱,并被送入重症监护室。3例血培养均阳性,发病率为1.67%。进行了药物和器械追踪并收集了环境样本以确定感染源。从血液透析室的再处理机器的水龙头中采集的样本对拉尔斯顿菌呈阳性反应,这是此次疫情的源头。实施控制措施,彻底清洁血液透析室。未报告进一步病例,积极监测将持续到2022年1月。结合先前公布的疫情,这些发现表明医疗产品和设备可能被拉尔斯顿菌污染并导致疾病。需要及早发现病例和感染源,以防止在这一脆弱人群中发生大规模疫情。
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引用次数: 2
Epidemiological survey to establish thresholds for influenza among children in satellite cities of Tokyo, Japan, 2014-2018. 2014-2018年日本东京卫星城儿童流感阈值流行病学调查
IF 1 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-08-25 eCollection Date: 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.3.911
Ayako Matsuda, Kei Asayama, Taku Obara, Naoto Yagi, Takayoshi Ohkubo

Objective: We described the characteristics of children reported as having influenza across five consecutive influenza seasons and investigated the usefulness of setting influenza thresholds in two satellite cities of Tokyo, Japan.

Methods: An annual survey was conducted among parents of children at preschools (kindergartens and nursery schools), elementary schools and junior high schools in Toda and Warabi cities, Saitama prefecture, at the end of the 2014-2018 influenza seasons. Using the World Health Organization method, we established seasonal, high and alert thresholds.

Results: There were 64 586 children included in the analysis. Over the five seasons, between 19.1% and 22% of children annually were reported as having tested positive for influenza. Influenza type A was reported as the dominant type, although type B was also reported in more than 40% of cases in the 2015 and 2017 seasons. The median period of the seasonal peak was 3 weeks in mid-January, regardless of school level. Of the five surveyed seasons, the high threshold was reached in 2014 and 2018, with no season exceeding the alert threshold.

Discussion: This study provides insights into the circulation of influenza in children in the study areas of Toda and Warabi, Japan, from 2014 to 2018. Although we were able to utilize these annual surveys to calculate influenza thresholds from five consecutive seasons, the prospective usefulness of these thresholds is limited as the survey is conducted at the end of the influenza season.

目的:我们描述了连续五个流感季节报告的流感儿童的特征,并调查了日本东京两个卫星城设置流感阈值的有效性。方法:在2014-2018年流感季节结束时,对埼玉县户田市和原腊比市的幼儿园(幼儿园和托儿所)、小学和初中的儿童家长进行年度调查。利用世界卫生组织的方法,我们建立了季节性、高阈值和警戒阈值。结果:共纳入64 586例儿童。在五个季节中,每年有19.1%至22%的儿童报告流感检测呈阳性。据报道,甲型流感是主要类型,尽管在2015年和2017年季节,超过40%的病例也报告了乙型流感。季节性高峰的中位数为1月中旬的3周,与学校水平无关。在调查的五个季节中,2014年和2018年达到了高阈值,没有一个季节超过警戒阈值。讨论:本研究提供了2014年至2018年日本户田和原比研究地区儿童流感传播的见解。虽然我们能够利用这些年度调查计算连续五个季节的流感阈值,但由于调查是在流感季节结束时进行的,因此这些阈值的预期有用性有限。
{"title":"Epidemiological survey to establish thresholds for influenza among children in satellite cities of Tokyo, Japan, 2014-2018.","authors":"Ayako Matsuda,&nbsp;Kei Asayama,&nbsp;Taku Obara,&nbsp;Naoto Yagi,&nbsp;Takayoshi Ohkubo","doi":"10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.3.911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.3.911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We described the characteristics of children reported as having influenza across five consecutive influenza seasons and investigated the usefulness of setting influenza thresholds in two satellite cities of Tokyo, Japan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An annual survey was conducted among parents of children at preschools (kindergartens and nursery schools), elementary schools and junior high schools in Toda and Warabi cities, Saitama prefecture, at the end of the 2014-2018 influenza seasons. Using the World Health Organization method, we established seasonal, high and alert thresholds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 64 586 children included in the analysis. Over the five seasons, between 19.1% and 22% of children annually were reported as having tested positive for influenza. Influenza type A was reported as the dominant type, although type B was also reported in more than 40% of cases in the 2015 and 2017 seasons. The median period of the seasonal peak was 3 weeks in mid-January, regardless of school level. Of the five surveyed seasons, the high threshold was reached in 2014 and 2018, with no season exceeding the alert threshold.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study provides insights into the circulation of influenza in children in the study areas of Toda and Warabi, Japan, from 2014 to 2018. Although we were able to utilize these annual surveys to calculate influenza thresholds from five consecutive seasons, the prospective usefulness of these thresholds is limited as the survey is conducted at the end of the influenza season.</p>","PeriodicalId":31512,"journal":{"name":"Western Pacific Surveillance and Response","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9671205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40504948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Factors contributing to a measles outbreak in a hard-to-reach rural village in Xaisomboun Province, 
Lao People's Democratic Republic. 导致在老挝人民民主共和国小松本省一个难以到达的农村暴发麻疹的因素
。
IF 1 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-08-03 eCollection Date: 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.3.874
Vannida Douangboupha, Philippa L Binns, Bouaphanh Khamphaphongphane, Virasack Som Oulay, Khanxay Sengsaiya, Thounchay Boupphaphanh, Phonepadith Xangsayarath

Objective: An increase in measles cases was reported in the north-western of the Lao People's Democratic Republic beginning in January 2019, with outbreaks quickly spreading throughout the country. Following identification of two laboratory-confirmed cases in Xaisomboun Province, we conducted an outbreak investigation to identify factors contributing to the measles outbreak in hard-to-reach Village X.

Methods: Active case-finding was undertaken at the provincial hospital and primary health care centre via a retrospective search through admission logbooks and house-to-house surveys in Village X and surrounding villages. Clinical samples were collected from suspected cases, and data were collected using a standard case investigation form. Vaccine coverage data were reviewed.

Results: Of the 40 suspected measles cases with rash onset during 12 February-27 April 2019, 83% (33/40) resided in Village X and 98% (39/40) were of Hmong-Lu Mien ethnicity. Ages ranged from 22 days to 5 years, with 70% (28) aged < 24 months. Almost half of cases aged 9 to < 18 months (5/11) and 67% (8/12) of cases aged 324 months had received a measles-containing vaccine (MCV). Reported MCV coverage in Xaisomboun for children aged < 1 year in 2017-2018 was < 50%. In 55% (22/40) of cases, case notification was delayed by 36 days. The final case classification comprised 10% laboratory-confirmed, 20% clinically compatible, 60% epidemiologically linked and 10% non-cases.

Discussion: This measles outbreak was likely associated with low immunization coverage, compounded by delays in reporting. Effective strategies are needed to address beliefs about and health literacy barriers to immunization and measles awareness. Such strategies may improve MCV coverage and early diagnosis, enabling timely public health interventions and reducing mortality and morbidity.

目标:据报告,从2019年1月开始,老挝人民民主共和国西北部的麻疹病例有所增加,疫情在全国迅速蔓延。在小松本省发现两例实验室确诊病例后,我们开展了疫情调查,以确定导致难以到达的X村麻疹疫情的因素。方法:在省医院和初级卫生保健中心,通过住院日志进行回顾性搜索,并在X村及周边村庄进行挨家挨户的调查,积极发现病例。从疑似病例中收集临床样本,并使用标准病例调查表收集数据。对疫苗覆盖数据进行了审查。结果:2019年2月12日至4月27日期间出现皮疹的40例麻疹疑似病例中,83%(33/40)居住在X村,98%(39/40)为苗族苗族。年龄从22天到5岁不等,324个月大的人中有70%(28人)接种了含麻疹疫苗。据报道,小松本36日龄儿童MCV覆盖率。最终病例分类包括10%实验室确诊、20%临床符合、60%流行病学相关和10%非病例。讨论:这次麻疹暴发可能与免疫覆盖率低以及报告延迟有关。需要有效的战略来解决关于免疫和麻疹意识障碍的信念和卫生知识障碍。这种战略可以提高MCV的覆盖率和早期诊断,从而能够及时采取公共卫生干预措施,降低死亡率和发病率。
{"title":"Factors contributing to a measles outbreak in a hard-to-reach rural village in Xaisomboun Province, \u2028Lao People's Democratic Republic.","authors":"Vannida Douangboupha,&nbsp;Philippa L Binns,&nbsp;Bouaphanh Khamphaphongphane,&nbsp;Virasack Som Oulay,&nbsp;Khanxay Sengsaiya,&nbsp;Thounchay Boupphaphanh,&nbsp;Phonepadith Xangsayarath","doi":"10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.3.874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.3.874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>An increase in measles cases was reported in the north-western of the Lao People's Democratic Republic beginning in January 2019, with outbreaks quickly spreading throughout the country. Following identification of two laboratory-confirmed cases in Xaisomboun Province, we conducted an outbreak investigation to identify factors contributing to the measles outbreak in hard-to-reach Village X.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Active case-finding was undertaken at the provincial hospital and primary health care centre via a retrospective search through admission logbooks and house-to-house surveys in Village X and surrounding villages. Clinical samples were collected from suspected cases, and data were collected using a standard case investigation form. Vaccine coverage data were reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 40 suspected measles cases with rash onset during 12 February-27 April 2019, 83% (33/40) resided in Village X and 98% (39/40) were of Hmong-Lu Mien ethnicity. Ages ranged from 22 days to 5 years, with 70% (28) aged < 24 months. Almost half of cases aged 9 to < 18 months (5/11) and 67% (8/12) of cases aged <sup>3</sup>24 months had received a measles-containing vaccine (MCV). Reported MCV coverage in Xaisomboun for children aged < 1 year in 2017-2018 was < 50%. In 55% (22/40) of cases, case notification was delayed by <sup>3</sup>6 days. The final case classification comprised 10% laboratory-confirmed, 20% clinically compatible, 60% epidemiologically linked and 10% non-cases.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This measles outbreak was likely associated with low immunization coverage, compounded by delays in reporting. Effective strategies are needed to address beliefs about and health literacy barriers to immunization and measles awareness. Such strategies may improve MCV coverage and early diagnosis, enabling timely public health interventions and reducing mortality and morbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":31512,"journal":{"name":"Western Pacific Surveillance and Response","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9583712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40459491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A rare presentation of Mycobacterium africanum after two decades: a case report from Brunei Darussalam. 二十年后非洲分枝杆菌的罕见呈现:来自文莱达鲁萨兰国的病例报告。
IF 1 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.3.926
Abdur Rahman Rubel, Panduru Venkata Kishore, May Thu Hla Aye, Nor Azian Hafneh, Vui Heng Chong

Mycobacterium africanum is endemic to West Africa and is rare outside this region. Most of the people infected with 
M. africanum outside Africa are migrants from affected parts of Africa. We report a rare case of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) secondary to M. africanum in a man in Brunei Darussalam who had lived and worked in Guinea, West Africa for 6 years more than 20 years ago. He had been well until December 2020, when he presented with a chronic cough and was diagnosed with coinfections of Klebsiella pneumoniae and M. africanum, and newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus. This case highlights an interesting manifestation of pulmonary TB secondary to M. africanum in a patient whose last exposure was 20 years ago, contributed to by development of diabetes mellitus.

非洲分枝杆菌是西非的地方病,在该地区以外很少见。大多数感染
M的人。非洲以外的非洲人是来自非洲受影响地区的移民。我们报告一例罕见的肺结核(TB)继发于非洲支原体,发生在文莱达鲁萨兰国的一名男子,20多年前曾在西非几内亚生活和工作6年。直到2020年12月,他一直很好,当时他出现慢性咳嗽,并被诊断为肺炎克雷伯菌和非洲支原体合并感染,以及新诊断的糖尿病。本病例突出了一种有趣的肺结核继发于非洲支原体的表现,该患者的最后一次接触是在20年前,是由于糖尿病的发展。
{"title":"A rare presentation of <i>Mycobacterium africanum</i> after two decades: a case report from Brunei Darussalam.","authors":"Abdur Rahman Rubel,&nbsp;Panduru Venkata Kishore,&nbsp;May Thu Hla Aye,&nbsp;Nor Azian Hafneh,&nbsp;Vui Heng Chong","doi":"10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.3.926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.3.926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Mycobacterium africanum</i> is endemic to West Africa and is rare outside this region. Most of the people infected with \u2028<i>M. africanum</i> outside Africa are migrants from affected parts of Africa. We report a rare case of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) secondary to <i>M. africanum</i> in a man in Brunei Darussalam who had lived and worked in Guinea, West Africa for 6 years more than 20 years ago. He had been well until December 2020, when he presented with a chronic cough and was diagnosed with coinfections of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and <i>M. africanum</i>, and newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus. This case highlights an interesting manifestation of pulmonary TB secondary to <i>M. africanum</i> in a patient whose last exposure was 20 years ago, contributed to by development of diabetes mellitus.</p>","PeriodicalId":31512,"journal":{"name":"Western Pacific Surveillance and Response","volume":"13 3","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9831599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10598811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Replacement of SARS-CoV-2 strains with variants carrying N501Y and L452R mutations in Japan: an epidemiological surveillance assessment. 日本用携带N501Y和L452R突变的变异体替代SARS-CoV-2毒株:流行病学监测评估
IF 1 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.3.943
Yusuke Kobayashi, Takeshi Arashiro, Miyako Otsuka, Yuuki Tsuchihashi, Takuri Takahashi, Yuzo Arima, Yura K Ko, Kanako Otani, Masato Yamauchi, Taro Kamigaki, Tomoko Morita-Ishihara, Hiromizu Takahashi, Sana Uchikoba, Michitsugu Shimatani, Nozomi Takeshita, Motoi Suzuki, Makoto Ohnishi

Objective: Monitoring the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants is important due to concerns regarding infectivity, transmissibility, immune evasion and disease severity. We evaluated the temporal and regional replacement of previous SARS-CoV-2 variants by the emergent strains, Alpha and Delta.

Methods: We obtained the results of polymerase chain reaction screening tests for variants conducted in multiple commercial laboratories. Assuming that all previous strains would be replaced by one variant, the new variant detection rate was estimated by fitting a logistic growth model. We estimated the transmission advantage of each new variant over the pre-existing virus strains.

Results: The variant with the N501Y mutation was first identified in the Kinki region in early February 2021, and by early May, it had replaced more than 90% of the previous strains. The variant with the L452R mutation was first detected in the Kanto-Koshin region in mid-May, and by early August, it comprised more than 90% of the circulating strains. Compared with pre-existing strains, the variant with the N501Y mutation showed transmission advantages of 48.2% and 40.3% in the Kanto-Koshin and Kinki regions, respectively, while the variant with the L452R mutation showed transmission advantages of 60.1% and 71.9%, respectively.

Discussion: In Japan, Alpha and Delta variants displayed regional differences in the replacement timing and their relative transmission advantages. Our method is efficient in monitoring and estimating changes in the proportion of variant strains in a timely manner in each region.

目的:监测严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2)变异的流行情况对传染性、传播性、免疫逃避和疾病严重程度具有重要意义。我们评估了新出现的Alpha和Delta毒株在时间和区域上对先前SARS-CoV-2变种的替代情况。方法:我们获得了在多个商业实验室进行的变异聚合酶链反应筛选试验的结果。假设所有之前的菌株都将被一种变异所取代,通过拟合logistic增长模型估计新的变异检出率。我们估计了每个新变种相对于先前存在的病毒株的传播优势。结果:具有N501Y突变的变异于2021年2月初首次在Kinki地区被发现,到5月初,它已经取代了90%以上的先前菌株。5月中旬在关东-高信地区首次发现L452R变异,到8月初,它占流行毒株的90%以上。与已有菌株相比,N501Y突变型在关东-高新和近基地区的传播优势分别为48.2%和40.3%,L452R突变型在关东-高新和近基地区的传播优势分别为60.1%和71.9%。讨论:在日本,Alpha和Delta型在更换时间和相对传输优势方面表现出地区差异。该方法可以有效地监测和及时估计各地区变异菌株比例的变化。
{"title":"Replacement of SARS-CoV-2 strains with variants carrying N501Y and L452R mutations in Japan: an epidemiological surveillance assessment.","authors":"Yusuke Kobayashi,&nbsp;Takeshi Arashiro,&nbsp;Miyako Otsuka,&nbsp;Yuuki Tsuchihashi,&nbsp;Takuri Takahashi,&nbsp;Yuzo Arima,&nbsp;Yura K Ko,&nbsp;Kanako Otani,&nbsp;Masato Yamauchi,&nbsp;Taro Kamigaki,&nbsp;Tomoko Morita-Ishihara,&nbsp;Hiromizu Takahashi,&nbsp;Sana Uchikoba,&nbsp;Michitsugu Shimatani,&nbsp;Nozomi Takeshita,&nbsp;Motoi Suzuki,&nbsp;Makoto Ohnishi","doi":"10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.3.943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.3.943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Monitoring the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants is important due to concerns regarding infectivity, transmissibility, immune evasion and disease severity. We evaluated the temporal and regional replacement of previous SARS-CoV-2 variants by the emergent strains, Alpha and Delta.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We obtained the results of polymerase chain reaction screening tests for variants conducted in multiple commercial laboratories. Assuming that all previous strains would be replaced by one variant, the new variant detection rate was estimated by fitting a logistic growth model. We estimated the transmission advantage of each new variant over the pre-existing virus strains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The variant with the N501Y mutation was first identified in the Kinki region in early February 2021, and by early May, it had replaced more than 90% of the previous strains. The variant with the L452R mutation was first detected in the Kanto-Koshin region in mid-May, and by early August, it comprised more than 90% of the circulating strains. Compared with pre-existing strains, the variant with the N501Y mutation showed transmission advantages of 48.2% and 40.3% in the Kanto-Koshin and Kinki regions, respectively, while the variant with the L452R mutation showed transmission advantages of 60.1% and 71.9%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In Japan, Alpha and Delta variants displayed regional differences in the replacement timing and their relative transmission advantages. Our method is efficient in monitoring and estimating changes in the proportion of variant strains in a timely manner in each region.</p>","PeriodicalId":31512,"journal":{"name":"Western Pacific Surveillance and Response","volume":"13 3","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9831602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10604975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Use of Epidemic Intelligence from Open Sources for global event-based surveillance of infectious diseases for the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games. 利用开源流行病情报为2020年东京奥运会和残奥会开展基于事件的全球传染病监测。
IF 1 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.3.959
Manami Yanagawa, John Carlo Lorenzo, Munehisa Fukusumi, Tomoe Shimada, Ayu Kasamatsu, Masayuki Ota, Manami Nakashita, Miho Kobayashi, Takuya Yamagishi, Anita Samuel, Tomohiko Ukai, Katsuki Kurosawa, Miho Urakawa, Kensuke Takahashi, Keiko Tsukada, Akane Futami, Hideya Inoue, Shun Omori, Hiroko Komiya, Takahisa Shimada, Sakiko Tabata, Yuichiro Yahata, Hajime Kamiya, Tomimasa Sunagawa, Tomoya Saito, Viema Biaukula, Tatiana Metcalf, Dina Saulo, Tamano Matsui, Babatunde Olowokure
The establishment of enhanced surveillance systems for mass gatherings to detect infectious diseases that may be imported during an event is recommended. The World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific contributed to enhanced event-based surveillance for the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games (the Games) by using Epidemic Intelligence from Open Sources (EIOS) to detect potential imported diseases and report them to the National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Japan. Daily screening of media articles on global infectious diseases was conducted using EIOS, which were systematically assessed to determine the likelihood of disease importation, spread and significant impact to Japan during the Games. Over 81 days of surveillance, 103 830 articles were screened by EIOS, of which 5441 (5.2%) met the selection criteria for initial assessment, with 587 (0.6%) assessed as signals and reported to NIID. None of the signals were considered to pose a significant risk to the Games based on three risk assessment criteria. While EIOS successfully captured media articles on infectious diseases with a likelihood of importation to and spread in Japan, a significant manual effort was required to assess the articles for duplicates and against the risk assessment criteria. Continued improvement of artificial intelligence is recommended to reduce this effort.
{"title":"Use of Epidemic Intelligence from Open Sources for global event-based surveillance of infectious diseases for the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games.","authors":"Manami Yanagawa,&nbsp;John Carlo Lorenzo,&nbsp;Munehisa Fukusumi,&nbsp;Tomoe Shimada,&nbsp;Ayu Kasamatsu,&nbsp;Masayuki Ota,&nbsp;Manami Nakashita,&nbsp;Miho Kobayashi,&nbsp;Takuya Yamagishi,&nbsp;Anita Samuel,&nbsp;Tomohiko Ukai,&nbsp;Katsuki Kurosawa,&nbsp;Miho Urakawa,&nbsp;Kensuke Takahashi,&nbsp;Keiko Tsukada,&nbsp;Akane Futami,&nbsp;Hideya Inoue,&nbsp;Shun Omori,&nbsp;Hiroko Komiya,&nbsp;Takahisa Shimada,&nbsp;Sakiko Tabata,&nbsp;Yuichiro Yahata,&nbsp;Hajime Kamiya,&nbsp;Tomimasa Sunagawa,&nbsp;Tomoya Saito,&nbsp;Viema Biaukula,&nbsp;Tatiana Metcalf,&nbsp;Dina Saulo,&nbsp;Tamano Matsui,&nbsp;Babatunde Olowokure","doi":"10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.3.959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.3.959","url":null,"abstract":"The establishment of enhanced surveillance systems for mass gatherings to detect infectious diseases that may be imported during an event is recommended. The World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific contributed to enhanced event-based surveillance for the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games (the Games) by using Epidemic Intelligence from Open Sources (EIOS) to detect potential imported diseases and report them to the National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Japan. Daily screening of media articles on global infectious diseases was conducted using EIOS, which were systematically assessed to determine the likelihood of disease importation, spread and significant impact to Japan during the Games. Over 81 days of surveillance, 103 830 articles were screened by EIOS, of which 5441 (5.2%) met the selection criteria for initial assessment, with 587 (0.6%) assessed as signals and reported to NIID. None of the signals were considered to pose a significant risk to the Games based on three risk assessment criteria. While EIOS successfully captured media articles on infectious diseases with a likelihood of importation to and spread in Japan, a significant manual effort was required to assess the articles for duplicates and against the risk assessment criteria. Continued improvement of artificial intelligence is recommended to reduce this effort.","PeriodicalId":31512,"journal":{"name":"Western Pacific Surveillance and Response","volume":"13 3","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9831600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10828177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
期刊
Western Pacific Surveillance and Response
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