This study proposes a method, grounded in a multilevel decision-making approach, for a stationary fixed-plate photovoltaic (PV) collector system. The system is comprised of three different subsystems: cell, panel, and array. We consider photovoltaic effects for output performance and an inverter system for distribution from the PV collector, including multiple conflicting objectives in individual subsystems in terms of cell conversion efficiency, power output, incident solar energy, seasonal characteristics, and costs. In terms of the performance in individual subsystems, the problem is reformulated into several smaller subproblems at each subsystem, and a coordination problem at the system level is compromised for optimization purposes. Multilevel optimization for the stationary fixed-plate PV collector system is achieved through the results of single-objective optimization that uses Genetic Algorithm programming (GA) to find global optimum solutions with decision-making under modified game theory. Thus, this work contributes to the optimal design of a stationary fixed-plate PV collector system for the best compromise solution based on specified requirements.
{"title":"Multilevel Optimal Design of a Solar PV Array System Using Game Theory Approach","authors":"Hoe-Gil Lee","doi":"10.1115/power2019-1840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/power2019-1840","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study proposes a method, grounded in a multilevel decision-making approach, for a stationary fixed-plate photovoltaic (PV) collector system. The system is comprised of three different subsystems: cell, panel, and array. We consider photovoltaic effects for output performance and an inverter system for distribution from the PV collector, including multiple conflicting objectives in individual subsystems in terms of cell conversion efficiency, power output, incident solar energy, seasonal characteristics, and costs. In terms of the performance in individual subsystems, the problem is reformulated into several smaller subproblems at each subsystem, and a coordination problem at the system level is compromised for optimization purposes. Multilevel optimization for the stationary fixed-plate PV collector system is achieved through the results of single-objective optimization that uses Genetic Algorithm programming (GA) to find global optimum solutions with decision-making under modified game theory. Thus, this work contributes to the optimal design of a stationary fixed-plate PV collector system for the best compromise solution based on specified requirements.","PeriodicalId":315864,"journal":{"name":"ASME 2019 Power Conference","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132698561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Kothari, Dattaraj V. Vaidya, V. Shelke, S. Sahu, S. I. Kundalwal
Present experimental investigation focuses on implementing passive cooling thermal management technique using heat sinks filled with paraffin wax as phase change material (PCM). Al2O3 nanoparticles are dispersed as thermal conductivity enhancer (TCE) in different weight fractions (φ) for improved performance in the PCM. Unfinned and two finned heat sinks are used in this investigation. Experimental analysis is performed on different configurations of heat sinks and nano-enhanced phase change materials (NePCMs) consisting various weight fraction of Al2O3 nanoparticles (φ = 0%, 0.5%, 4%, and 6%) for a constant heat flux of 2.0 kW/m2. Results show that latent heat and specific heat capacity decreases with increase in the Al2O3 nanoparticle loading. Addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles in the PCM results in the reduced melting time of PCM. While, pure PCM based heat sinks keeps heat sink base temperature lower for longer time duration.
{"title":"Experimental Investigation of Thermal Performance of Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Materials for Thermal Management of Electronic Components","authors":"R. Kothari, Dattaraj V. Vaidya, V. Shelke, S. Sahu, S. I. Kundalwal","doi":"10.1115/power2019-1883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/power2019-1883","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Present experimental investigation focuses on implementing passive cooling thermal management technique using heat sinks filled with paraffin wax as phase change material (PCM). Al2O3 nanoparticles are dispersed as thermal conductivity enhancer (TCE) in different weight fractions (φ) for improved performance in the PCM. Unfinned and two finned heat sinks are used in this investigation. Experimental analysis is performed on different configurations of heat sinks and nano-enhanced phase change materials (NePCMs) consisting various weight fraction of Al2O3 nanoparticles (φ = 0%, 0.5%, 4%, and 6%) for a constant heat flux of 2.0 kW/m2. Results show that latent heat and specific heat capacity decreases with increase in the Al2O3 nanoparticle loading. Addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles in the PCM results in the reduced melting time of PCM. While, pure PCM based heat sinks keeps heat sink base temperature lower for longer time duration.","PeriodicalId":315864,"journal":{"name":"ASME 2019 Power Conference","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123933815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to convert the high-performance research reactors from High Enriched Uranium (HEU) to Low Enriched Uranium (LEU) fuel, U-Mo alloy-based fuels in monolithic form have been proposed. These plate-type fuels consist of a high density and low enriched uranium (LEU) foil coated with a diffusion barrier and encapsulated with the aluminum cladding. The performance of the fuel plate has been evaluated by many studies through experimental tests and numerical analyses. When evaluating the performance of a fuel, it is expensive and time-consuming to consider a variation of several parameters, such as fuel plate geometry, material properties, and operating conditions. Fission profile is a critical component of the fuel performance analysis, causing swelling and creep deformation of the fuel plate. Therefore, it can directly affect the stress and strain distributions over the fuel plate. This study aims at investigating the effect of different fission profiles on the thermo-mechanical performance of the fuel plate by finite element analysis. To investigate the effect of fission profile on fuel performance, several different fission profiles were generated and analyzed. The fission profiles were generated based on actual use.
{"title":"Effects of Fission Profiles on the Performance of a U-10Mo Fuel Plate","authors":"H. Roh, W. Mohamed, H. Ozaltun","doi":"10.1115/power2019-1895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/power2019-1895","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In order to convert the high-performance research reactors from High Enriched Uranium (HEU) to Low Enriched Uranium (LEU) fuel, U-Mo alloy-based fuels in monolithic form have been proposed. These plate-type fuels consist of a high density and low enriched uranium (LEU) foil coated with a diffusion barrier and encapsulated with the aluminum cladding. The performance of the fuel plate has been evaluated by many studies through experimental tests and numerical analyses. When evaluating the performance of a fuel, it is expensive and time-consuming to consider a variation of several parameters, such as fuel plate geometry, material properties, and operating conditions. Fission profile is a critical component of the fuel performance analysis, causing swelling and creep deformation of the fuel plate. Therefore, it can directly affect the stress and strain distributions over the fuel plate. This study aims at investigating the effect of different fission profiles on the thermo-mechanical performance of the fuel plate by finite element analysis. To investigate the effect of fission profile on fuel performance, several different fission profiles were generated and analyzed. The fission profiles were generated based on actual use.","PeriodicalId":315864,"journal":{"name":"ASME 2019 Power Conference","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130528126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Significant research is ongoing on several fronts in smart sensor technologies for optimizing the performance of power generating assets. The initiatives include: 1. Real-time models with advanced computational algorithms, embedded intelligence at sensor and component level for reducing operating costs, improving efficiencies, and lowering emissions. 2. Optical sapphire sensors for monitoring operation and performance of critical components in harsh environments, for improving accuracy of measurements in combustion monitoring, and lowering operating costs. 3. Wireless technologies using (a) microwave acoustic sensors for real-time monitoring of equipment in high temperature/pressure environments (b) integrated gas/temperature acoustic sensors for combustion monitoring in diverse harsh environment locations to improve combustion efficiency, reduce emissions, and lower maintenance costs (c) sensors for sensing temperature, strain and soot accumulation inside coal-fired boilers for detailed condition monitoring, better understanding of combustion and heat exchange processes, improved designs, more efficient operation. 4. Distributed optical fiber sensing system for real-time monitoring and optimization of high temperature profiles for improving efficiency and lowering emissions. 5. Smart parts with embedded sensors for in situ monitoring of multiple parameters in existing and new facilities. 6. Optimizing advanced 3D manufacturing processes for embedded sensors in components for harsh environments to reduce costs and improve efficiency of power generation facilities with carbon capture capabilities. 7. New energy-harvesting materials for powering wireless sensors in harsh environments, improving reliability of wireless sensors in demanding environments, and in-situ monitoring and performance of devices and systems. 8. Real-time, accurate and reliable monitoring of temperature at distributed locations of sensors in harsh environments for improving operations and reducing operating costs. 9. Algorithms and methodologies for designing control systems utilizing distributed intelligence for optimal control of power generation facilities. 10. Gas sensors for monitoring high temperatures in harsh environments for lowering operating costs and better control of operations. 11. Optimizing placement of smart sensors in networks for cognitive behavior and self-learning. This paper provides an overview of the initiatives in smart sensor technologies and their applications in optimizing the performance of power generating facilities.
{"title":"Smart Sensor Technologies for Performance Optimization of Power Generating Assets","authors":"Komandur S. Sunder Raj","doi":"10.1115/power2019-1904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/power2019-1904","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Significant research is ongoing on several fronts in smart sensor technologies for optimizing the performance of power generating assets. The initiatives include:\u0000 1. Real-time models with advanced computational algorithms, embedded intelligence at sensor and component level for reducing operating costs, improving efficiencies, and lowering emissions.\u0000 2. Optical sapphire sensors for monitoring operation and performance of critical components in harsh environments, for improving accuracy of measurements in combustion monitoring, and lowering operating costs.\u0000 3. Wireless technologies using (a) microwave acoustic sensors for real-time monitoring of equipment in high temperature/pressure environments (b) integrated gas/temperature acoustic sensors for combustion monitoring in diverse harsh environment locations to improve combustion efficiency, reduce emissions, and lower maintenance costs (c) sensors for sensing temperature, strain and soot accumulation inside coal-fired boilers for detailed condition monitoring, better understanding of combustion and heat exchange processes, improved designs, more efficient operation.\u0000 4. Distributed optical fiber sensing system for real-time monitoring and optimization of high temperature profiles for improving efficiency and lowering emissions.\u0000 5. Smart parts with embedded sensors for in situ monitoring of multiple parameters in existing and new facilities.\u0000 6. Optimizing advanced 3D manufacturing processes for embedded sensors in components for harsh environments to reduce costs and improve efficiency of power generation facilities with carbon capture capabilities.\u0000 7. New energy-harvesting materials for powering wireless sensors in harsh environments, improving reliability of wireless sensors in demanding environments, and in-situ monitoring and performance of devices and systems.\u0000 8. Real-time, accurate and reliable monitoring of temperature at distributed locations of sensors in harsh environments for improving operations and reducing operating costs.\u0000 9. Algorithms and methodologies for designing control systems utilizing distributed intelligence for optimal control of power generation facilities.\u0000 10. Gas sensors for monitoring high temperatures in harsh environments for lowering operating costs and better control of operations.\u0000 11. Optimizing placement of smart sensors in networks for cognitive behavior and self-learning.\u0000 This paper provides an overview of the initiatives in smart sensor technologies and their applications in optimizing the performance of power generating facilities.","PeriodicalId":315864,"journal":{"name":"ASME 2019 Power Conference","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126739631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dieni Indarti, E. Osigwe, Yi-Guang Li, Dody Widyantoro
Gas turbine components are susceptible to degradation during operations; hence, the identification of the engine condition is really important for the gas turbine users. To this end, a comprehensive adaptive diagnostic tool is an important step to monitoring the engine health condition and planning appropriate maintenance actions, thereby increasing the availability and reliability of the unit, and at the same time reducing the operation and maintenance expenses. In this paper, the capability of PYTHIA; a computer software technology for engine diagnostic purpose using a non-linear gas path analysis was explored on GE MS7001EA industrial heavy duty gas turbine during a plot period of 12,000 hours. The method used in this paper was to adapt an accurate engine performance model from the real engine historical data readings, and by implicating multiple component degradation parameters onto the diagnostic tool; which represents the possible phenomena in the real engine operation period. The adaptive gas path analysis was used to identify the level of degradation or health indices of the gas turbine at the module level and its degraded performance compared with the actual engine data trending. The results obtained indicated the capability of PYTHIA to successfully adapt real engine data and detect fault patterns in response to implanted faults of selected measurement set during engine operation period. The deviations between the predicted and measured values showed a satisfactory result with a root mean square error (RMS) ≤ 0.004 and Gas Path Analysis index value ≥ 0.996. The component parameter degradation during the 12000 hours engine operation was detected, indicating a decrease in flow capacity by 2.1% for compressor and turbine by 2.8%.
{"title":"Integration of Technology Capability for Performance Diagnostics of MS7001EA Using PYTHIA","authors":"Dieni Indarti, E. Osigwe, Yi-Guang Li, Dody Widyantoro","doi":"10.1115/power2019-1831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/power2019-1831","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Gas turbine components are susceptible to degradation during operations; hence, the identification of the engine condition is really important for the gas turbine users. To this end, a comprehensive adaptive diagnostic tool is an important step to monitoring the engine health condition and planning appropriate maintenance actions, thereby increasing the availability and reliability of the unit, and at the same time reducing the operation and maintenance expenses. In this paper, the capability of PYTHIA; a computer software technology for engine diagnostic purpose using a non-linear gas path analysis was explored on GE MS7001EA industrial heavy duty gas turbine during a plot period of 12,000 hours. The method used in this paper was to adapt an accurate engine performance model from the real engine historical data readings, and by implicating multiple component degradation parameters onto the diagnostic tool; which represents the possible phenomena in the real engine operation period. The adaptive gas path analysis was used to identify the level of degradation or health indices of the gas turbine at the module level and its degraded performance compared with the actual engine data trending. The results obtained indicated the capability of PYTHIA to successfully adapt real engine data and detect fault patterns in response to implanted faults of selected measurement set during engine operation period. The deviations between the predicted and measured values showed a satisfactory result with a root mean square error (RMS) ≤ 0.004 and Gas Path Analysis index value ≥ 0.996. The component parameter degradation during the 12000 hours engine operation was detected, indicating a decrease in flow capacity by 2.1% for compressor and turbine by 2.8%.","PeriodicalId":315864,"journal":{"name":"ASME 2019 Power Conference","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126255540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to Florida’s unique location as a peninsula as well as it’s oblong shape, it is difficult as a state to be connected the grid of the rest of the United States. As a result, Florida has many utility companies providing power to the region. The integrated resource plans of these utility companies were reviewed looking at the projects and plans they expect to undertake in the next decade. In recent years, use of fossil-fuel fired power production has been declining as the cost of using renewable sources has become more affordable. This shift towards renewables was evident when reviewing the integrated resource plans. An unexpected consequence of using renewable energy is how it will affect the individuals living near the energy production. Issues this paper will examine include the expected change of Florida’s current and future energy mix as well as how this change will affect the health of those living in the vicinity. A review of various power providers in the state of Florida will be conducted through a review of their integrated resource plans and other research data. The co-authors are a mechanical engineering student and a graduate public health student.
{"title":"A Look at Major Florida Utilities Future Generation Plans and Impact on Health and Environment","authors":"Lauren R. Smiarowski, Rebekah R. Radebach","doi":"10.1115/power2019-1907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/power2019-1907","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Due to Florida’s unique location as a peninsula as well as it’s oblong shape, it is difficult as a state to be connected the grid of the rest of the United States. As a result, Florida has many utility companies providing power to the region. The integrated resource plans of these utility companies were reviewed looking at the projects and plans they expect to undertake in the next decade. In recent years, use of fossil-fuel fired power production has been declining as the cost of using renewable sources has become more affordable. This shift towards renewables was evident when reviewing the integrated resource plans. An unexpected consequence of using renewable energy is how it will affect the individuals living near the energy production. Issues this paper will examine include the expected change of Florida’s current and future energy mix as well as how this change will affect the health of those living in the vicinity. A review of various power providers in the state of Florida will be conducted through a review of their integrated resource plans and other research data. The co-authors are a mechanical engineering student and a graduate public health student.","PeriodicalId":315864,"journal":{"name":"ASME 2019 Power Conference","volume":"98 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116648976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
City’s electricity power grid is under heavy load during on-peak hours throughout summer cooling season. As the result, many utility companies implemented the time-of-use rate of electricity leading to high electricity cost for customers with significant cooling needs. On the other hand, the need for electricity and/or cooling decreases greatly at night, creating excess electricity capacity for further utilization. An innovative ice energy storage system is being developed leveraging a unique supercooling-based ice production process. During off-peak hours the proposed system stores the low-cost electric energy in the form of ice; during on-peak hours the system releases the stored energy to meet extensive home cooling needs. Thus, it can not only reduce energy and cost of cooling, but also increase the penetration of renewable energies (especially wind energy). In this paper, the working principles of the system is presented along with the modeling details of the overall system and several key components. The Simulink model takes in hourly temperature and peak/off peak electricity cost data to dynamically simulate the amount of energy required and associated cost for cooling an average home. Both energy consumption and cost for homes using the cooling system with ice energy storage in two US cities have been compared with those using conventional HVAC cooling system. According to the model, huge reduction in energy cost (up to 3X) can be achieved over six months of cooling season in regions with high peak electricity rates. While only moderate reduction on energy consumption is predicted for the ice energy storage system, further energy reduction potentials have been identified for future study.
{"title":"Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Home Cooling System With Supercooling-Based Ice Energy Storage","authors":"Yili Zhang, Sean M. Kissick, Hailei Wang","doi":"10.1115/power2019-1926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/power2019-1926","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 City’s electricity power grid is under heavy load during on-peak hours throughout summer cooling season. As the result, many utility companies implemented the time-of-use rate of electricity leading to high electricity cost for customers with significant cooling needs. On the other hand, the need for electricity and/or cooling decreases greatly at night, creating excess electricity capacity for further utilization. An innovative ice energy storage system is being developed leveraging a unique supercooling-based ice production process. During off-peak hours the proposed system stores the low-cost electric energy in the form of ice; during on-peak hours the system releases the stored energy to meet extensive home cooling needs. Thus, it can not only reduce energy and cost of cooling, but also increase the penetration of renewable energies (especially wind energy). In this paper, the working principles of the system is presented along with the modeling details of the overall system and several key components. The Simulink model takes in hourly temperature and peak/off peak electricity cost data to dynamically simulate the amount of energy required and associated cost for cooling an average home. Both energy consumption and cost for homes using the cooling system with ice energy storage in two US cities have been compared with those using conventional HVAC cooling system. According to the model, huge reduction in energy cost (up to 3X) can be achieved over six months of cooling season in regions with high peak electricity rates. While only moderate reduction on energy consumption is predicted for the ice energy storage system, further energy reduction potentials have been identified for future study.","PeriodicalId":315864,"journal":{"name":"ASME 2019 Power Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131153435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Dikici, Samarth Motagi, Prahruth Kantamani, S. Ayyagari, G. Villarroel, M. Al-Haik
Fast growing plants or biomass wastes can be used as affordable and environmentally sustainable alternatives to synthetic insulation materials. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties (tensile strength and Young’s modulus) of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites as potential building materials. As a natural fiber, Bermuda grass seeds, conifer cones and pinecones are selected. The fundamental processes to develop nanofiber reinforced resin by processing agricultural waste fibers into nanocellulose is also investigated. Tensile tests are conducted to define stress/strain relationship. SEM tests are conducted to evaluate the surface topologies after fracture. The tensile fracture surfaces of composites were investigated. With the addition of Bermuda fibers, the stiffness of the vinyl ester sample was observed to increase by 624.2% compared to neat vinyl ester sample. With the addition of nanocellulose fibers, the stiffness of the composite was observed to increase by 53.3% compared to neat vinyl ester sample.
{"title":"Processing of Agricultural Biomass for Producing Reinforced Polymer Composites","authors":"B. Dikici, Samarth Motagi, Prahruth Kantamani, S. Ayyagari, G. Villarroel, M. Al-Haik","doi":"10.1115/power2019-1873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/power2019-1873","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Fast growing plants or biomass wastes can be used as affordable and environmentally sustainable alternatives to synthetic insulation materials. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties (tensile strength and Young’s modulus) of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites as potential building materials. As a natural fiber, Bermuda grass seeds, conifer cones and pinecones are selected. The fundamental processes to develop nanofiber reinforced resin by processing agricultural waste fibers into nanocellulose is also investigated. Tensile tests are conducted to define stress/strain relationship. SEM tests are conducted to evaluate the surface topologies after fracture. The tensile fracture surfaces of composites were investigated. With the addition of Bermuda fibers, the stiffness of the vinyl ester sample was observed to increase by 624.2% compared to neat vinyl ester sample. With the addition of nanocellulose fibers, the stiffness of the composite was observed to increase by 53.3% compared to neat vinyl ester sample.","PeriodicalId":315864,"journal":{"name":"ASME 2019 Power Conference","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133267911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A three stage combined power cycle with a Brayton cycle as the topping cycle, a Rankine cycle as the middling cycle and an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) as the bottoming cycle is proposed in the present investigation. A two-stage Gas Turbine Power Plant (GTPP) with inter-cooling, reheating and regeneration based on the Brayton cycle, a single-stage Steam Turbine Power Plant (STPP) based on the Rankine cycle, and a two-stage ORC power plant with reheating based on ORC with atmospheric air as the coolant is considered in the present study. This arrangement enables the proposed plant to utilize the waste heat to the maximum extent possible and convert it into electric power. As the plant can now operate at low sink temperatures depending on atmospheric air, the efficiency of the combined cycle power plant increases dramatically. Further, Steam Turbine Exhaust Pressure (STEP) is positive resulting in smaller size units and a lower installation cost. A simulation code is developed in MATLAB to investigate the performance of a three stage combined power cycle at different source and sink temperatures with varying pressure in heat recovery steam boiler and condenser-boiler. Performance results are plotted with Gas Turbine Inlet Temperature (GTIT) of 1200 to 1500 °C, Coolant Air Temperature (CAT) of −15 to +25 °C, and pressure ratio of GTPP as 6.25, 9.0 and 12.25 for different organic substances and NH3 as working fluids in the bottoming ORC. Simulation results show that the efficiency of the three stage combined power cycle will go up to 64 to 69% depending on the pressure ratio of GTPP, GTIT, and CAT. It is also observed that the variation in the efficiency of the three stage combined power cycle is small with respect to the type of working fluid used in the ORC. Among the organic working fluids R134a, R12, R22, and R123, R134a gives a higher combined cycle efficiency.
{"title":"Investigation of the Performance of a Three Stage Combined Power Cycle for Electric Power Plants","authors":"Pereddy Nageswara Reddy, J. S. Rao","doi":"10.1115/power2019-1834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/power2019-1834","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A three stage combined power cycle with a Brayton cycle as the topping cycle, a Rankine cycle as the middling cycle and an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) as the bottoming cycle is proposed in the present investigation. A two-stage Gas Turbine Power Plant (GTPP) with inter-cooling, reheating and regeneration based on the Brayton cycle, a single-stage Steam Turbine Power Plant (STPP) based on the Rankine cycle, and a two-stage ORC power plant with reheating based on ORC with atmospheric air as the coolant is considered in the present study. This arrangement enables the proposed plant to utilize the waste heat to the maximum extent possible and convert it into electric power. As the plant can now operate at low sink temperatures depending on atmospheric air, the efficiency of the combined cycle power plant increases dramatically. Further, Steam Turbine Exhaust Pressure (STEP) is positive resulting in smaller size units and a lower installation cost. A simulation code is developed in MATLAB to investigate the performance of a three stage combined power cycle at different source and sink temperatures with varying pressure in heat recovery steam boiler and condenser-boiler. Performance results are plotted with Gas Turbine Inlet Temperature (GTIT) of 1200 to 1500 °C, Coolant Air Temperature (CAT) of −15 to +25 °C, and pressure ratio of GTPP as 6.25, 9.0 and 12.25 for different organic substances and NH3 as working fluids in the bottoming ORC. Simulation results show that the efficiency of the three stage combined power cycle will go up to 64 to 69% depending on the pressure ratio of GTPP, GTIT, and CAT. It is also observed that the variation in the efficiency of the three stage combined power cycle is small with respect to the type of working fluid used in the ORC. Among the organic working fluids R134a, R12, R22, and R123, R134a gives a higher combined cycle efficiency.","PeriodicalId":315864,"journal":{"name":"ASME 2019 Power Conference","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114534674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electrical power, generated and consumed, is perhaps, one of today’s most important construct in determining the progress of a people. The power mismatch between the generated and consumed power is one of the major issues faced in the electricity industry. This can be addressed by analysing user behaviour and manipulating it. This paper attempts to put forth a demand response (DR) technique using the concept of Time-of-Use (ToU) electricity pricing. The utilities have an upper hand of quoting the electricity price whereas the users must follow this price and give their best response of power consumption. This process is similar to a leader-follower setting as in a Stackelberg game where the follower acts according to the leader’s strategy and gives its best response in every situation. This paper proposes a pricing technique where the users are charged according to the amount of power consumed in the specific period of time.
{"title":"Time-of-Use Pricing in the Electricity Market: An Application of Stackelberg Game","authors":"A. Ketkar, J. Koonamparampath, M. Sawant","doi":"10.1115/power2019-1820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/power2019-1820","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Electrical power, generated and consumed, is perhaps, one of today’s most important construct in determining the progress of a people. The power mismatch between the generated and consumed power is one of the major issues faced in the electricity industry. This can be addressed by analysing user behaviour and manipulating it. This paper attempts to put forth a demand response (DR) technique using the concept of Time-of-Use (ToU) electricity pricing. The utilities have an upper hand of quoting the electricity price whereas the users must follow this price and give their best response of power consumption. This process is similar to a leader-follower setting as in a Stackelberg game where the follower acts according to the leader’s strategy and gives its best response in every situation. This paper proposes a pricing technique where the users are charged according to the amount of power consumed in the specific period of time.","PeriodicalId":315864,"journal":{"name":"ASME 2019 Power Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128715179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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