In the paper the protection function setting calculations for elements of the transmission system are shown. Analyzed transmission system consists of the 500 kV and 230 kV voltage levels. The setting calculations are shown for several protection functions for the 500 kV reactors, 500/230 kV/kV autotransformers and 500 kV line. Network modeling and analysis have been performed using DIgSILENT PowerFactory.
{"title":"Calculation of protection function settings of new elements of the 500 kV transmission system","authors":"Nikola Sucevic","doi":"10.5937/zeint32-41337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zeint32-41337","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper the protection function setting calculations for elements of the transmission system are shown. Analyzed transmission system consists of the 500 kV and 230 kV voltage levels. The setting calculations are shown for several protection functions for the 500 kV reactors, 500/230 kV/kV autotransformers and 500 kV line. Network modeling and analysis have been performed using DIgSILENT PowerFactory.","PeriodicalId":31629,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Radova Elektrotehnicki Institut Nikola Tesla","volume":"12389 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82158724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper at first hand briefly presents examples of the maximum permitted current changes for one cable depending on the specific thermal resistance soil value rz. It is emphasized that the permanently permissible current load of the cable should be calculated using a constant value rz in design - Then, for two cases from field, two samples were examined. The first sample is undisturbed soil from the cable route and the second sample is specially prepared cable bed. The corresponding rz values were obtained using the needle probe method in the laboratory. The difference is pointed out between the measured values of specific thermal resistivity and moisture of the samples. Some samples were being dried in thermal chambers and the others were being dried on ambient temperature. For drying in thermal chambers, based on experience for cross-linked polyethylene cables, the temperatures of 60°C to 90°C were selected for the first case while in the second case the temperature of 20°C over a long period of time was applied. The results obtained were analyzed and shown in appropriate tables and graphs. At the end of this paper the moisture of the soil was calculated for sampled cable bed that corresponds to the value of rz of 1(Km/W). The composition of the cable bed that allows the designed value of the rated power of the cable to be achieved is proposed.
{"title":"The examination of the specific thermal resistivity and moisture of cable bed in laboratory conditions","authors":"N. Simić, Stefan Obradović","doi":"10.5937/zeint32-41463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zeint32-41463","url":null,"abstract":"This paper at first hand briefly presents examples of the maximum permitted current changes for one cable depending on the specific thermal resistance soil value rz. It is emphasized that the permanently permissible current load of the cable should be calculated using a constant value rz in design - Then, for two cases from field, two samples were examined. The first sample is undisturbed soil from the cable route and the second sample is specially prepared cable bed. The corresponding rz values were obtained using the needle probe method in the laboratory. The difference is pointed out between the measured values of specific thermal resistivity and moisture of the samples. Some samples were being dried in thermal chambers and the others were being dried on ambient temperature. For drying in thermal chambers, based on experience for cross-linked polyethylene cables, the temperatures of 60°C to 90°C were selected for the first case while in the second case the temperature of 20°C over a long period of time was applied. The results obtained were analyzed and shown in appropriate tables and graphs. At the end of this paper the moisture of the soil was calculated for sampled cable bed that corresponds to the value of rz of 1(Km/W). The composition of the cable bed that allows the designed value of the rated power of the cable to be achieved is proposed.","PeriodicalId":31629,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Radova Elektrotehnicki Institut Nikola Tesla","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84055235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Joksimović, J. Dragosavac, Slavko Veinović, Đorđe M. Stojić, Milan Marinković, M. Đorđević
A load angle limiter was implemented as an additional function in the existing excitation system to enable the operation of the synchronous generator in the entire P-Q diagram according to the recommendation of the manufacturer of the unit B2 synchronous generator in the "Nikola Tesla B" TPP. The analysis of dynamic performance presented in this paper consists of determining the time responses and frequency characteristics of the excitation control system when the load angle limiter is active, based on which the values of the dynamic performance indexes were obtained. In addition, the paper also provides a brief description of the implementation of the limiter, as well as a description of the computer models used in the analysis.
{"title":"Computer model analysis of dynamic performances of the excitation control system when the load angle limiter is active","authors":"D. Joksimović, J. Dragosavac, Slavko Veinović, Đorđe M. Stojić, Milan Marinković, M. Đorđević","doi":"10.5937/zeint32-41541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zeint32-41541","url":null,"abstract":"A load angle limiter was implemented as an additional function in the existing excitation system to enable the operation of the synchronous generator in the entire P-Q diagram according to the recommendation of the manufacturer of the unit B2 synchronous generator in the \"Nikola Tesla B\" TPP. The analysis of dynamic performance presented in this paper consists of determining the time responses and frequency characteristics of the excitation control system when the load angle limiter is active, based on which the values of the dynamic performance indexes were obtained. In addition, the paper also provides a brief description of the implementation of the limiter, as well as a description of the computer models used in the analysis.","PeriodicalId":31629,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Radova Elektrotehnicki Institut Nikola Tesla","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72789447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Mihajlović, J. Janković, V. Vasović, V. Ivancevic, J. Lukić
The Republic of Serbia signed and ratified the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. Law on ratification of the Stockholm Convention was adopted and actions were defined through the National Implementation Plan and the Action Plan. On their basis Project Proper Management and Final Disposal of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) was created. Institute Nikola Tesla (INT) participated in the realization of the project. In the period from 2015 to 2022, 601 tons of PCB oil was successfully decontaminated by the INT mobile plant, i.e. the PCB content was below 50 mg/kg, which classified the power transformers (PT) as non-contaminated [1,2]. If PT becomes waste or in case of necessary repair or oil regeneration, the required limit value is 10 mg/kg. According to data from INT database there are still 2637 PTs containing PCBs in the concentration range of 2 to 50 mg/kg. In this paper application of the environmentally closed INT decontamination technology for achieving low values of PCB in the oil is shown.
{"title":"Application of the environmentally friendly technology for the removal of PCBs from mineral oils and power transformers to achieve very low values of PCBs for repair and materials recycling","authors":"D. Mihajlović, J. Janković, V. Vasović, V. Ivancevic, J. Lukić","doi":"10.5937/zeint32-41260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zeint32-41260","url":null,"abstract":"The Republic of Serbia signed and ratified the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. Law on ratification of the Stockholm Convention was adopted and actions were defined through the National Implementation Plan and the Action Plan. On their basis Project Proper Management and Final Disposal of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) was created. Institute Nikola Tesla (INT) participated in the realization of the project. In the period from 2015 to 2022, 601 tons of PCB oil was successfully decontaminated by the INT mobile plant, i.e. the PCB content was below 50 mg/kg, which classified the power transformers (PT) as non-contaminated [1,2]. If PT becomes waste or in case of necessary repair or oil regeneration, the required limit value is 10 mg/kg. According to data from INT database there are still 2637 PTs containing PCBs in the concentration range of 2 to 50 mg/kg. In this paper application of the environmentally closed INT decontamination technology for achieving low values of PCB in the oil is shown.","PeriodicalId":31629,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Radova Elektrotehnicki Institut Nikola Tesla","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74695186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper analyzes the levels of magnetic flux density in the apartment located above the 10/0.4 kV distribution transformer station. During the first magnetic field testing, it was concluded that in the case of the rated load of the transformers, increased values of magnetic flux density would occur in the apartment. The main sources of magnetic field in the apartment were the busbars and cable lines connecting the transformers and the 0.4 kV distribution cabinets. For that reason it is proposed to apply measures to reduce the levels of magnetic flux density, which are described in detail in the paper. After implementing the proposed measures, magnetic field testing in the apartment was repeated. The paper presents magnetic field testing results before and after the application of the measures and gives a conclusion regarding the effectiveness of the applied measures as well as regarding the compliance of the levels of magnetic flux density with the exposure limit prescribed by the current national regulations.
{"title":"Application of measures for reduction of magnetic flux density levels in the apartment located above the 10/0.4 kV transformer station","authors":"Maja Grbić, A. Pavlović, Dejan Hrvić","doi":"10.5937/zeint32-41601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zeint32-41601","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyzes the levels of magnetic flux density in the apartment located above the 10/0.4 kV distribution transformer station. During the first magnetic field testing, it was concluded that in the case of the rated load of the transformers, increased values of magnetic flux density would occur in the apartment. The main sources of magnetic field in the apartment were the busbars and cable lines connecting the transformers and the 0.4 kV distribution cabinets. For that reason it is proposed to apply measures to reduce the levels of magnetic flux density, which are described in detail in the paper. After implementing the proposed measures, magnetic field testing in the apartment was repeated. The paper presents magnetic field testing results before and after the application of the measures and gives a conclusion regarding the effectiveness of the applied measures as well as regarding the compliance of the levels of magnetic flux density with the exposure limit prescribed by the current national regulations.","PeriodicalId":31629,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Radova Elektrotehnicki Institut Nikola Tesla","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90768217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the design of the device that is based on a central microcontroller for measurements and an additional computer for graphical presentation and storage of measurement results, it often happens that there are not enough available USB ports. Therefore the need for using particular serial converters arises. This paper presents the results of reliability testing of serial UART-USB communication using UM232R converter. The development environment Tiva TM4C1294XL microcontroller Launchpad sends temperature measurement results using UART communication to UM232R converter which is connected to ROCK PI 4 single board computer via USB interface. The user application is based on Java programming language and jSerialComm library. The communication is tested using packets of 100, 1 000 i 10 000 arrays of 50 characters. Time intervals used for tests are 10mS, 100mS, 500mS, and 1s. Each test is repeated 10 times to improve test validity. The average data loss is 50%, while the proposed algorithm reduced the loss up to 30%.
在基于中央微控制器进行测量和另一台计算机进行图形显示和测量结果存储的设备的设计过程中，经常发生没有足够的可用USB端口的情况。因此，需要使用特定的串行转换器。本文介绍了使用UM232R转换器进行串行UART-USB通信可靠性测试的结果。开发环境Tiva TM4C1294XL微控制器Launchpad通过UART通信将温度测量结果发送到UM232R转换器，UM232R转换器通过USB接口连接到ROCK PI 4单板计算机。用户应用程序基于Java编程语言和jSerialComm库。使用100、1 000或10 000个50个字符数组的数据包进行通信测试。用于测试的时间间隔为10mS、100mS、500mS和1s。每个测试重复10次，以提高测试效度。平均数据丢失率为50%，而该算法可将数据丢失率降低30%。
{"title":"The reliability of serial data communication using Uart-Usb converter","authors":"Nikola Cakić, A. Zigic, Srđan Milosavljević","doi":"10.5937/zeint32-41677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zeint32-41677","url":null,"abstract":"During the design of the device that is based on a central microcontroller for measurements and an additional computer for graphical presentation and storage of measurement results, it often happens that there are not enough available USB ports. Therefore the need for using particular serial converters arises. This paper presents the results of reliability testing of serial UART-USB communication using UM232R converter. The development environment Tiva TM4C1294XL microcontroller Launchpad sends temperature measurement results using UART communication to UM232R converter which is connected to ROCK PI 4 single board computer via USB interface. The user application is based on Java programming language and jSerialComm library. The communication is tested using packets of 100, 1 000 i 10 000 arrays of 50 characters. Time intervals used for tests are 10mS, 100mS, 500mS, and 1s. Each test is repeated 10 times to improve test validity. The average data loss is 50%, while the proposed algorithm reduced the loss up to 30%.","PeriodicalId":31629,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Radova Elektrotehnicki Institut Nikola Tesla","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75256938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During its operation, electrical equipment is constantly exposed to overvoltages of various waveforms, such as lightning discharges, switching operations, faults, etc. Therefore, adequate selection of overvoltage protection and equipment insulation withstand voltages are key factors in increasing system reliability. In general, insulation coordination is carried out by analyzing the insulation behavior for standard impulse and switching overvoltage waveforms. However, overvoltages that occur in operating conditions can significantly deviate from the standard waveforms of insulation withstand voltages, in terms of the front time, the duration of the wave, the existence of highfrequency components as result of reflections in the facility and other factors. This paper presents possible methods of assessing the behavior of equipment insulation for real voltage waves to which the insulation is exposed during exploitation and which deviate from standard waveforms, by analysis in the frequency domain. As there are different components in the overvoltage signal at different frequencies, which a different energy, the main goal of this paper is to analyze the insulation characteristics of a specific transformer from the point of view of the energy spectral density of the voltage wave that occurs at its terminals when an atmospheric discharge occurs. The analysis is based on the determination of the safety margin on the entire frequency spectrum of the overvoltage wave, that is, on the calculation of the so-called FDSF (Frequency Domain Severity Factor). The calculation results show that although the overvoltage amplitude is lower than the withstand voltage of the transformer insulation with an appropriate safety margin (the condition of the classic approach to insulation coordination is satisfied), the spectrum analysis of the voltage wave in the frequency domain shows that the insulation may still be compromised.
{"title":"Insulation stresses of power equipment exposed to non-standard overvoltage waveforms","authors":"Ranko Jasika, J. Mrvić, Stefan Obradović","doi":"10.5937/zeint32-41430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zeint32-41430","url":null,"abstract":"During its operation, electrical equipment is constantly exposed to overvoltages of various waveforms, such as lightning discharges, switching operations, faults, etc. Therefore, adequate selection of overvoltage protection and equipment insulation withstand voltages are key factors in increasing system reliability. In general, insulation coordination is carried out by analyzing the insulation behavior for standard impulse and switching overvoltage waveforms. However, overvoltages that occur in operating conditions can significantly deviate from the standard waveforms of insulation withstand voltages, in terms of the front time, the duration of the wave, the existence of highfrequency components as result of reflections in the facility and other factors. This paper presents possible methods of assessing the behavior of equipment insulation for real voltage waves to which the insulation is exposed during exploitation and which deviate from standard waveforms, by analysis in the frequency domain. As there are different components in the overvoltage signal at different frequencies, which a different energy, the main goal of this paper is to analyze the insulation characteristics of a specific transformer from the point of view of the energy spectral density of the voltage wave that occurs at its terminals when an atmospheric discharge occurs. The analysis is based on the determination of the safety margin on the entire frequency spectrum of the overvoltage wave, that is, on the calculation of the so-called FDSF (Frequency Domain Severity Factor). The calculation results show that although the overvoltage amplitude is lower than the withstand voltage of the transformer insulation with an appropriate safety margin (the condition of the classic approach to insulation coordination is satisfied), the spectrum analysis of the voltage wave in the frequency domain shows that the insulation may still be compromised.","PeriodicalId":31629,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Radova Elektrotehnicki Institut Nikola Tesla","volume":"229 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74300408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The pumps in RHPP Bajina Bašta are started via a static frequency converter (SFC). This resulted in increased level of higher harmonics within the RHPP. However, it was not known whether the operation of this SFP could endanger the consumers supplied from the mentioned RHPP via the distribution transformer. For this purpose, it is necessary to check the possibilities of the existence of a parallel resonant circuit, both in the RHPP itself, and in the part of the distribution network that was of interest. Analyzes were performed in the linear simulation model created in the DIgSILENT PowerFactory software package. The simulation model was created so that it corresponds to the state of minimum load of the distribution area supplied by TS Metaljka. Also, several variants were analyzed in TS Đurići (depending on the number of motor engines in operation). The results show the existence of parallel resonant circuit in the vicinity of the 13th harmonic at the level of 10 kV busbars in TS Metaljka, while its existence was not identified at the transmission system busbar, which is in accordance with the measurements
{"title":"Analysis of the possibility of a parallel resonant circuit in RHPP Bajina Bašta","authors":"Milica Dilparić-Cakić, Branka Kovačević","doi":"10.5937/zeint32-41656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zeint32-41656","url":null,"abstract":"The pumps in RHPP Bajina Bašta are started via a static frequency converter (SFC). This resulted in increased level of higher harmonics within the RHPP. However, it was not known whether the operation of this SFP could endanger the consumers supplied from the mentioned RHPP via the distribution transformer. For this purpose, it is necessary to check the possibilities of the existence of a parallel resonant circuit, both in the RHPP itself, and in the part of the distribution network that was of interest. Analyzes were performed in the linear simulation model created in the DIgSILENT PowerFactory software package. The simulation model was created so that it corresponds to the state of minimum load of the distribution area supplied by TS Metaljka. Also, several variants were analyzed in TS Đurići (depending on the number of motor engines in operation). The results show the existence of parallel resonant circuit in the vicinity of the 13th harmonic at the level of 10 kV busbars in TS Metaljka, while its existence was not identified at the transmission system busbar, which is in accordance with the measurements","PeriodicalId":31629,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Radova Elektrotehnicki Institut Nikola Tesla","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83273798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is dedicated to Nikola Tesla, who created a technically and intellectually highly developed civilization and who is a true companion to humanity in the historical process. The significance of its motives is a need, which drives to the activity towards a specific goal in favour of technical achievements applicable in practice. Of particular importance for understanding Tesla's actions is a moral awareness that represents the adopted principles of his thoughts that are logical, impeccably clear, and they are the proof that on their basis he made arguments and achieved new results.
{"title":"Nikola Tesla as a phenomenon in the world of science","authors":"V. Slavkovic","doi":"10.5937/zeint32-39893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zeint32-39893","url":null,"abstract":"This article is dedicated to Nikola Tesla, who created a technically and intellectually highly developed civilization and who is a true companion to humanity in the historical process. The significance of its motives is a need, which drives to the activity towards a specific goal in favour of technical achievements applicable in practice. Of particular importance for understanding Tesla's actions is a moral awareness that represents the adopted principles of his thoughts that are logical, impeccably clear, and they are the proof that on their basis he made arguments and achieved new results.","PeriodicalId":31629,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Radova Elektrotehnicki Institut Nikola Tesla","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84136358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Pavlović, Bojan Radojičić, Lazar Stančić, J. Dragosavac, Sava Dobričić, Ž. Janda
The algorithm of reactive power dispatching "per generator" realization is presented in the paper. Dispatching "per generator" and "per grid" are two modes of reactive power dispatching used by coordinated reactive power and voltage regulator (GRRS). Reactive power dispatching "per generator" ensures equal heating of the generators, while dispatching "per grid" ensures maximal reactive power reserve when generated reactive power either increases, or decreases. Reactive power dispatching "per generator" is more complex for realization because the dispatching criterion may have wider generator's reactive power operation area than the working capability curve. In these cases, the additional limiting of the generator reactive power is necessary, while other generators take over the remaining reactive power, still considering the reactive power dispatching criteria "per generator" and the limits of the remaining generators. Both reactive power dispatching modes are presented in two examples, while operating near and far from the limit area. Eventually, as the verification of the algorithm and its realization, the operating results of GRRS while dispatching "per generator" is active, are presented.
{"title":"Algorithm of reactive power dispatching \"per generator\" realization on TPP Nikola Tesla A","authors":"J. Pavlović, Bojan Radojičić, Lazar Stančić, J. Dragosavac, Sava Dobričić, Ž. Janda","doi":"10.5937/zeint32-41760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zeint32-41760","url":null,"abstract":"The algorithm of reactive power dispatching \"per generator\" realization is presented in the paper. Dispatching \"per generator\" and \"per grid\" are two modes of reactive power dispatching used by coordinated reactive power and voltage regulator (GRRS). Reactive power dispatching \"per generator\" ensures equal heating of the generators, while dispatching \"per grid\" ensures maximal reactive power reserve when generated reactive power either increases, or decreases. Reactive power dispatching \"per generator\" is more complex for realization because the dispatching criterion may have wider generator's reactive power operation area than the working capability curve. In these cases, the additional limiting of the generator reactive power is necessary, while other generators take over the remaining reactive power, still considering the reactive power dispatching criteria \"per generator\" and the limits of the remaining generators. Both reactive power dispatching modes are presented in two examples, while operating near and far from the limit area. Eventually, as the verification of the algorithm and its realization, the operating results of GRRS while dispatching \"per generator\" is active, are presented.","PeriodicalId":31629,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Radova Elektrotehnicki Institut Nikola Tesla","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85092608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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