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2015 Workshop on Research, Education and Development of Unmanned Aerial Systems (RED-UAS)最新文献

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Performance analysis of a powered parafoil unmanned aerial vehicle using open loop flight test results and analytical results 基于开环飞行试验结果和分析结果的动力伞翼无人机性能分析
Vindhya Devalla, A. Mondal, O. Prakash
This paper presents an approach to design and develop an Unmanned Powered Parafoil Aerial Vehicle (UPPAV) to surveillance an area. The paper discusses in detail about the relation between Parafoil size and payload weight. Analytical calculations are done to understand the UPPAV performance. The performance results are then compared with open loop flight test results.
本文介绍了一种用于区域监视的无人动力伞翼飞行器(UPPAV)的设计和研制方法。本文详细讨论了伞翼尺寸与有效载荷之间的关系。通过分析计算来了解UPPAV的性能。然后将性能结果与开环飞行试验结果进行比较。
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引用次数: 5
Development and validation of a microbe detecting UAV payload 一种微生物探测无人机有效载荷的开发和验证
Brendan Smith, M. Beman, D. Gravano, Y. Chen
Airborne transport of microorganisms through the atmosphere has widespread implications for many atmospheric processes, ecological processes and human health. The proliferation of infectious disease-causing bacteria and fungi is of particular relevance, as many emerging diseases enter human populations via an atmospheric link to the surrounding environment. Coccidiodomycosis (Valley Fever), for instance, is a debilitating fungal disease contracted through the inhalation of Coccidiodes immitis and Coccidiodes posadasii of central California and elsewhere in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. Recent studies suggest an increase in the incidence of Valley Fever throughout this region, but how the fungus is transported through the atmosphere is not well known. This is due in part to the fact that there is no effective and reliable standardized method for acquiring fungal spores at an elevated altitude, nor to do so rapidly-which would aid in limiting human exposure. This work fills the voids of sensing capability and rapid detection by means of small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS). The use of an sUAS enables low-altitude sampling, in addition to the low-cost development and operation of the payload. The payload consists of two coupled subsystems, which log environment data and extract a bioaerosol sample. The data and sample is analyzed and validated via a variety of molecular biological and microbiological techniques.
微生物在大气中的空气传播对许多大气过程、生态过程和人类健康具有广泛的影响。引起传染病的细菌和真菌的扩散尤其重要,因为许多新出现的疾病是通过大气与周围环境的联系进入人类的。例如,球孢子虫病(谷热)是一种使人衰弱的真菌疾病,通过吸入加利福尼亚中部、美国西南部和墨西哥西北部其他地方的球孢子虫(Coccidiodes immitis)和波萨达西(Coccidiodes posadasii)感染。最近的研究表明,整个地区的谷热发病率有所增加,但真菌如何通过大气传播尚不清楚。这部分是由于在高海拔地区没有有效可靠的标准方法来获取真菌孢子,也没有这么快的方法,这将有助于限制人类的接触。这项工作填补了小型无人机系统(sUAS)传感能力和快速检测的空白。除了有效载荷的低成本开发和操作外,使用sUAS还可以进行低空采样。载荷由两个耦合子系统组成,用于记录环境数据和提取生物气溶胶样本。数据和样品通过各种分子生物学和微生物学技术进行分析和验证。
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引用次数: 3
Distributed model predictive control for unmanned aerial vehicles 无人机分布式模型预测控制
Sina Sharif Mansouri, G. Nikolakopoulos, T. Gustafsson
In this article a distributed model predictive control scheme, for the cooperative motion control of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is being presented. The UAVs are modeled by a 6-DOF nonlinear kinematic model. Two different control architectures: a centralized and a distributed MPC, are studied and evaluated in simulation experiments. In the centralized approach, one central MPC controller is responsible for the movement coordination of all the UAVs, while in the distributed approach each aerial vehicle plans only for its own actions, while the objective function is coupled with the behavior of the rest of the team members and the constraints are decoupled. In this approach, each agent only shares the future position of itself with the other agents to avoid collisions. For reducing the computation time and complexity, only one step ahead prediction in the corresponding MPC schemes have been considered without a loss of generality. Finally, the efficiency of the overall suggested decentralized MPC scheme, as well as it comparison with the centralized approach, is being evaluated through the utilization of multiple simulation scenarios.
本文提出了一种用于无人机协同运动控制的分布式模型预测控制方案。采用六自由度非线性运动学模型对无人机进行建模。在仿真实验中,对集中式和分布式MPC两种不同的控制架构进行了研究和评估。在集中式方法中,一个中央MPC控制器负责所有无人机的运动协调,而在分布式方法中,每个飞行器只计划自己的行动,而目标函数与团队其他成员的行为耦合并且约束解耦。在这种方法中,每个代理只与其他代理共享自己的未来位置,以避免冲突。为了减少计算时间和复杂性,只考虑相应MPC方案的一步前预测,同时又不失通用性。最后,通过使用多个模拟场景,评估了所建议的整体分散MPC方案的效率,并与集中式方法进行了比较。
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引用次数: 14
Autonomous exploration of indoor environments with a micro-aerial vehicle 用微型飞行器自主探索室内环境
G. Pepe, Massimo Satler, P. Tripicchio
The paper presents a system designed for micro-aerial-vehicles capable of autonomously explore an indoor environment, detect objects in the environment and build a map of the environment structure with reference to objects locations within the map. The found objects are saved in an internal database containing all previously recognized objects. The system allows fast exploration time and it is characterized by lightweight computation algorithms for the localization, map building and navigation components. The environment map is built as a set of 2D feature map layers where each layer corresponds to an environment floor. For each framework component a simulated testing scenario is presented to evaluate the capabilities of the designed algorithms. The introduced system is efficient from the computational cost point of view and allows fast exploration time that is critical for battery powered systems.
本文提出了一种用于微型飞行器的系统,该系统能够自主探索室内环境,探测环境中的物体,并根据物体在地图中的位置构建环境结构地图。找到的对象保存在包含所有以前识别的对象的内部数据库中。该系统允许快速的探测时间,并且具有定位、地图构建和导航组件的轻量级计算算法的特点。环境地图被构建为一组2D特征地图层,其中每一层对应一个环境层。对于每个框架组件,给出了一个模拟测试场景来评估所设计算法的能力。从计算成本的角度来看,所介绍的系统是高效的,并且允许快速的探索时间,这对电池供电系统至关重要。
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引用次数: 5
Enhanced video camera feedback for teleoperated aerial refueling in unmanned aerial systems 无人机系统中远程操作空中加油的增强视频摄像机反馈
J. J. Ruiz, J. Martín, A. Ollero
The main goal of this paper is to design a visual aid system in order to facilitate Air-to-Air Refueling (AAR) from a tanker UAV to a receiver UAV. Particularly, the presented system can be used to the assist the receiver pilot during the AAR operation. In this context, both the telemetry of the two aircrafts and the nose-camera video from the receiver are used in order to design a Heads-Up Display (HUD) that overlays the visual feedback. In addition, the design of the HUD followed a Situation Awareness (SA) methodology focused on AAR operations. Finally, an experiment setup with a simulation environment and the HUD is proposed. Evaluation methodology was based on a NASA Task Load Index (TLX) questionnaire and a telemetry analysis. Results showed that the design of the HUD improved some parameters involved in the AAR mission success and reduced the mean workload experienced by the operator.
本文的主要目标是设计一种视觉辅助系统,以方便空中加油机向接收机进行空中加油。特别地,该系统可以在AAR操作过程中辅助接收机导航员。在这种情况下,为了设计覆盖视觉反馈的平视显示器(HUD),使用了两架飞机的遥测数据和来自接收器的机头摄像头视频。此外,HUD的设计遵循了以AAR操作为重点的态势感知(SA)方法。最后,提出了基于仿真环境和HUD的实验装置。评估方法基于NASA任务负荷指数(TLX)问卷和遥测分析。结果表明,HUD的设计改善了影响AAR任务成功的一些参数,减少了操作人员的平均工作量。
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引用次数: 3
Stochastic feedback controller for a quadrotor UAV with dual modified extended Kalman filter 基于双修正扩展卡尔曼滤波的四旋翼无人机随机反馈控制器
F. Jurado, M. Rodriguez, A. Dzul, Ricardo Campa
In this paper, a filtering algorithm is proposed in order to improve the linearization procedure of the extended Kalman filtering (EKF). Our proposal consists of a parallel computing scheme, here called dual modified EKF (DMEKF), which comprises two algorithms to generate state estimates. One of the algorithms, namely Algorithm I, is a modification of the EKF, i.e. it differs from the EKF in that the real-time linear Taylor approximation is not taken at the previous estimate; instead, it is taken at the estimate by a second EKF algorithm, namely Algorithm II. Simulation results show that our proposal outperforms the EKF when trajectory tracking tasks are carried out by a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in a stochastic environment.
为了改进扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)的线性化过程,提出了一种滤波算法。我们提出了一种并行计算方案,这里称为双修正EKF (DMEKF),它包含两种生成状态估计的算法。其中一种算法,即算法1,是对EKF的修改,即它与EKF的不同之处在于,它在先前的估计中不采用实时线性泰勒近似;相反,它由第二个EKF算法(即算法II)进行估计。仿真结果表明,当四旋翼无人机在随机环境下执行轨迹跟踪任务时,该方法优于EKF算法。
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引用次数: 8
A new avenue of research in robust and ultrafast decentralized control 鲁棒超快分散控制研究的新途径
D. Bensoussan
A new control algorithm that guarantees ultrafast and robust control for unstable invertible plants (Bensoussan, 2014) has been recently tested at McGill University (Bensoussan, 2015, Bensoussan & Boulet 2015). It has shown that it is possible to get a time response with minimal overshoot and with settling time equal to rise time while keeping good stability margins. This method can be extended to multivariable unstable invertible systems that are ultimately (i.e. at high frequency) diagonally dominant, ensuring decentralized control while using local (i.e. diagonal) controllers.
最近在麦吉尔大学(Bensoussan, 2015, Bensoussan & Boulet 2015)测试了一种新的控制算法,该算法保证了对不稳定可逆植物的超快速和鲁棒控制(Bensoussan, 2014)。结果表明,在保持良好的稳定裕度的情况下,有可能获得最小超调和稳定时间等于上升时间的时间响应。该方法可以推广到最终(即高频)对角占优的多变量不稳定可逆系统,在使用局部(即对角)控制器的同时确保分散控制。
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引用次数: 2
On combining wearable sensors and visual SLAM for remote controlling of low-cost micro aerial vehicles 可穿戴传感器与视觉SLAM相结合的低成本微型飞行器远程控制研究
J. Martínez-Carranza, Francisco Marquez, Esteban O. Garcia, A. Muñoz-Meléndez, W. Mayol-Cuevas
In this work we present initial results of a system that combines wearable technology and monocular simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) for remote controlling of a low-cost micro aerial vehicle (MAV) that flies beyond the visual line-of-sight. To this purpose, as a first step, we use a state-of-the-art visual SLAM system, called ORB-SLAM, to create a 3D map of the scene. The visual data feeding ORB-SLAM is obtained from imagery transmitted from the on-board camera of our low-cost vehicle. This vehicle can not process data on board, however, it can transmit images at a rate of 15-20 Hz, which we found sufficient to carry out the visual localisation and mapping. The second step in our system is to replace the conventional controller with a pair of wearable-sensor-based gloves worn by the user so he/she can command the MAV by only performing hand gestures. Our goal is to show that the user can fly the vehicle beyond the line-of-sight by only using the vehicle's pose and map estimates in real time and that commanding the MAV with hand gestures will enable him/her to focus more on the flight task. Our preliminary results indicate the feasibility of our approach.
在这项工作中,我们展示了一个系统的初步结果,该系统结合了可穿戴技术和单目同步定位和测绘(SLAM),用于远程控制飞出视线的低成本微型飞行器(MAV)。为此,作为第一步,我们使用最先进的视觉SLAM系统,称为ORB-SLAM,来创建场景的3D地图。提供ORB-SLAM的视觉数据来自我们的低成本车辆的车载摄像头传输的图像。这辆车不能在车上处理数据,但是,它可以以15-20赫兹的速率传输图像,我们发现这足以进行视觉定位和地图绘制。我们系统的第二步是用用户佩戴的一副可穿戴传感器手套取代传统的控制器,这样他/她就可以通过手势来指挥MAV。我们的目标是展示用户可以通过实时使用车辆的姿势和地图估计来飞行车辆,并且用手势指挥MAV将使他/她能够更多地专注于飞行任务。我们的初步结果表明我们的方法是可行的。
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引用次数: 3
Performance analysis of camera rotation estimation algorithms for UAS sense and avoid 无人机感知与避免摄像机旋转估计算法的性能分析
T. Zsedrovits, P. Bauer, Máté Németh, B. Pencz, Á. Zarándy, B. Vanek, J. Bokor
Several camera rotation estimator algorithms are tested in simulations and on real flight videos in this paper. The aim of the investigation is to show the strengths and weaknesses of these algorithms in the aircraft attitude estimation task. The work is part of a research project where a low cost UAV is developed which can be integrated into the national airspace. Two main issues are addressed with these measurements, one is the sense-and-avoid capability of the aircraft and the other is sensor redundancy. Both parts can benefit from a good attitude estimate. Thus, it is important to use the appropriate algorithm for the camera rotation estimation. Simulation results show that many times even the simplest algorithm can perform at an acceptable level of precision for the sensor fusion.
本文对几种摄像机旋转估计算法进行了仿真和真实飞行视频的测试。研究的目的是展示这些算法在飞机姿态估计任务中的优缺点。这项工作是一项研究项目的一部分,该项目开发了一种低成本的无人机,可以集成到国家空域。这些测量解决了两个主要问题,一个是飞机的感知和避免能力,另一个是传感器冗余。这两个部分都可以从一个好的态度估计中受益。因此,使用合适的算法进行相机旋转估计是很重要的。仿真结果表明,很多时候即使是最简单的算法也能达到可接受的传感器融合精度水平。
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引用次数: 2
Consensus-based navigation of a UAV formation 基于共识的无人机编队导航
Thais Bento da Silva, Matheus V. M. Souza e Silva, A. Brandão
This work presents the development of a UAV cooperative strategy based on consensus navigation to solve the rendezvous problem. The Laplacian matrix is weighted by the distance among the vehicles, i.e., as closer a UAV is from another as higher the communication link is. Therefore, the communication graph, which characterizes the consensus navigation, is a dynamic one. Following, some simulation results are shown in order to illustrate the theoretical aspects, and also to validate the proposal. Finally, the analysis of the Laplacian matrix and the UAV communication during flight is also presented to determine the consensus meeting point.
本文提出了一种基于共识导航的无人机协同策略来解决交会问题。拉普拉斯矩阵由飞行器之间的距离加权,即一架飞行器离另一架飞行器越近,通信链路越高。因此,表征共识导航的通信图是动态的。下面给出了一些仿真结果,以说明理论方面的问题,并验证了该建议。最后,通过对拉普拉斯矩阵的分析,结合无人机在飞行过程中的通信情况,确定了共识会合点。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2015 Workshop on Research, Education and Development of Unmanned Aerial Systems (RED-UAS)
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