Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.17650/2782-3202-2022-2-1-14-18
M. M. Davydov, E. Glukhov, A. A. Filatov, M. Shogenov
Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare malignant tumor observed in 2 % of all leiomyosarcomas. Less than 400 cases are described in the literature, in Russian publications not more than 30. Computed tomography is the most accurate diagnostic method for determination of tumor location, presence or absence of thrombosis and its severity, evaluation of resectability. We present a case of a patient with leiomyosarcoma of the IVC with preoperative diagnosis of adrenocortical carcinoma of the right adrenal gland with tumor thrombosis of the IVC and tumor advancement into the right kidney. During intraoperative revision the tumor was evaluated as primary leiomyosarcoma of the IVC with thrombosis of the iliac veins up to the retrohepatic segment of the IVC and advancement into the right adrenal gland and vascular structures of the right kidney and its pole which was confirmed by histological examination. Surgery is the main method of treatment of leiomyosarcoma of the IVC. Long-term results depend on the volume and radicality of operation. Reconstruction of the IVC is not always necessary. Despite high recurrence rate, there is no consensus on adjuvant treatment. The best results are achieved through interdisciplinary approach involving an oncological surgeon, chemotherapist, vascular surgeon, anesthesiologist. Perioperative planning, coordination, and adherence to oncological methods are crucial for recovery.
{"title":"Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava. Clinical observation","authors":"M. M. Davydov, E. Glukhov, A. A. Filatov, M. Shogenov","doi":"10.17650/2782-3202-2022-2-1-14-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/2782-3202-2022-2-1-14-18","url":null,"abstract":"Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare malignant tumor observed in 2 % of all leiomyosarcomas. Less than 400 cases are described in the literature, in Russian publications not more than 30. Computed tomography is the most accurate diagnostic method for determination of tumor location, presence or absence of thrombosis and its severity, evaluation of resectability. We present a case of a patient with leiomyosarcoma of the IVC with preoperative diagnosis of adrenocortical carcinoma of the right adrenal gland with tumor thrombosis of the IVC and tumor advancement into the right kidney. During intraoperative revision the tumor was evaluated as primary leiomyosarcoma of the IVC with thrombosis of the iliac veins up to the retrohepatic segment of the IVC and advancement into the right adrenal gland and vascular structures of the right kidney and its pole which was confirmed by histological examination. Surgery is the main method of treatment of leiomyosarcoma of the IVC. Long-term results depend on the volume and radicality of operation. Reconstruction of the IVC is not always necessary. Despite high recurrence rate, there is no consensus on adjuvant treatment. The best results are achieved through interdisciplinary approach involving an oncological surgeon, chemotherapist, vascular surgeon, anesthesiologist. Perioperative planning, coordination, and adherence to oncological methods are crucial for recovery.","PeriodicalId":318498,"journal":{"name":"MD-Onco","volume":"559 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115076412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.17650/2782-3202-2022-2-1-33-38
V. E. Gruzdev, M. A. Anisimov
In current conditions, increased life expectancy led to increased cancer morbidity. Presence of pain syndrome with significant intensity caused development of numerous guidelines on its treatment. Currently, pain management is based on the stepwise multimodal approach of the World Health Organization. In our opinion, wide application of narcotic analgesics is a disadvantage of this method. This pharmaceutical group has a significant number of adverse effects including addiction, development of hyperalgesia, and potential effect of increased rate of cancer recurrence.The study objective is to optimize the stepwise approach by addition of continuous multimodal analgesia. We aim to develop the principles of complex approach to pain management including new combinations of pharmaceuticals of different modalities and new techniques of continuous safe administration using innovative devices.The article presents a prospective description of a series of clinical cases in which new combinations of pharmaceuticals were administered in the context of complex treatment of pain syndrome of significant intensity. Objective evaluation of pain syndrome was performed using the Numeric Rating Scale.Multimodal intravenous pain management using mobile devices administering a mixture of pharmaceuticals in conjunction with basic peroral therapy and widely accepted discrete stepwise approach of the World Health Organization showed first positive results. In our opinion, further studies will allow to 1) decrease the rate of chronic pain syndrome in oncological patients; 2) treat pain syndrome of almost any intensity with preserved quality of life.The first results are encouraging; they show satisfactory effectiveness of the method and its safety. It is necessary to continue studies to develop and standardize the intravenous mixture composition for pain management in the context of the main clinical syndromes determining pain.
{"title":"Multimodal continuous approach to pain management in oncological patients (clinic’s first experience)","authors":"V. E. Gruzdev, M. A. Anisimov","doi":"10.17650/2782-3202-2022-2-1-33-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/2782-3202-2022-2-1-33-38","url":null,"abstract":"In current conditions, increased life expectancy led to increased cancer morbidity. Presence of pain syndrome with significant intensity caused development of numerous guidelines on its treatment. Currently, pain management is based on the stepwise multimodal approach of the World Health Organization. In our opinion, wide application of narcotic analgesics is a disadvantage of this method. This pharmaceutical group has a significant number of adverse effects including addiction, development of hyperalgesia, and potential effect of increased rate of cancer recurrence.The study objective is to optimize the stepwise approach by addition of continuous multimodal analgesia. We aim to develop the principles of complex approach to pain management including new combinations of pharmaceuticals of different modalities and new techniques of continuous safe administration using innovative devices.The article presents a prospective description of a series of clinical cases in which new combinations of pharmaceuticals were administered in the context of complex treatment of pain syndrome of significant intensity. Objective evaluation of pain syndrome was performed using the Numeric Rating Scale.Multimodal intravenous pain management using mobile devices administering a mixture of pharmaceuticals in conjunction with basic peroral therapy and widely accepted discrete stepwise approach of the World Health Organization showed first positive results. In our opinion, further studies will allow to 1) decrease the rate of chronic pain syndrome in oncological patients; 2) treat pain syndrome of almost any intensity with preserved quality of life.The first results are encouraging; they show satisfactory effectiveness of the method and its safety. It is necessary to continue studies to develop and standardize the intravenous mixture composition for pain management in the context of the main clinical syndromes determining pain.","PeriodicalId":318498,"journal":{"name":"MD-Onco","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114923781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.17650/2782-3202-2022-2-1-65-73
O. Sachuk, T. T. Valiev, N. E. Kravchenko, O. Suetina
Background. Quality of life (QL) is no less important question in modern oncohematology than longstanding survival rate and convalescence. Pediatric patients with lymphomas have high chances for recovery, that’s why it is important to provide a good QL during and after end of anti-cancer treatment. In Russia aspects of QL are not give up in pediatric oncohematology and used questionnaires are translated and poor adopted for our country.The study objective is to evaluate parameters of QL in pediatric patients with lymphomas and their parents during anti-cancer treatment and to assign abilities for improvement of QL.Materials and methods. From January 2018 to January 2020 fifty primary pediatric patients with lymphomas and fifty their parents were enrolled the study. All the patients were treated in the Chemotherapy Hemoblastoses Department No. 1 of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Research Institute of N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia. The analysis of QL parameters was performed by Scale “Life satisfaction” of E. Diener, psycho-emotional tension was assessed by questionnaire “Your filling healthy” (for parents), mental activity, motivation, emotional tonus, psychic tension and comfort were analyzed by L.A. Kurgansky and T.A. Nemchin method.Results. 50 % parents and 60 % of children with lymphomas had medium level of life satisfaction. High life satisfaction level was unusual for respondents of pediatric age (0 %) and parents (8 %). During anti-cancer treatment children had low mental activity (60 %), motivation (44 %) and emotional tonus (60 %). It should be noted that psychic tension level in 60 % of children also was low.Conclusion. Anti-cancer treatment, stay in hospital, changed habitual condition favour to decrease QL of patients and their parents, which resulting in low mental activity, embrace of the world around, emotional tonus, not enough life satisfaction. For QL improvement it is necessary to work with psychologists, teachers, social workers, performing of art therapy. A large amount of work should be done with persons closest to child and parents, with whom they will communicate after end of treatment.
{"title":"Aspects of quality of life in pediatric lymphoma patients","authors":"O. Sachuk, T. T. Valiev, N. E. Kravchenko, O. Suetina","doi":"10.17650/2782-3202-2022-2-1-65-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/2782-3202-2022-2-1-65-73","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Quality of life (QL) is no less important question in modern oncohematology than longstanding survival rate and convalescence. Pediatric patients with lymphomas have high chances for recovery, that’s why it is important to provide a good QL during and after end of anti-cancer treatment. In Russia aspects of QL are not give up in pediatric oncohematology and used questionnaires are translated and poor adopted for our country.The study objective is to evaluate parameters of QL in pediatric patients with lymphomas and their parents during anti-cancer treatment and to assign abilities for improvement of QL.Materials and methods. From January 2018 to January 2020 fifty primary pediatric patients with lymphomas and fifty their parents were enrolled the study. All the patients were treated in the Chemotherapy Hemoblastoses Department No. 1 of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Research Institute of N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia. The analysis of QL parameters was performed by Scale “Life satisfaction” of E. Diener, psycho-emotional tension was assessed by questionnaire “Your filling healthy” (for parents), mental activity, motivation, emotional tonus, psychic tension and comfort were analyzed by L.A. Kurgansky and T.A. Nemchin method.Results. 50 % parents and 60 % of children with lymphomas had medium level of life satisfaction. High life satisfaction level was unusual for respondents of pediatric age (0 %) and parents (8 %). During anti-cancer treatment children had low mental activity (60 %), motivation (44 %) and emotional tonus (60 %). It should be noted that psychic tension level in 60 % of children also was low.Conclusion. Anti-cancer treatment, stay in hospital, changed habitual condition favour to decrease QL of patients and their parents, which resulting in low mental activity, embrace of the world around, emotional tonus, not enough life satisfaction. For QL improvement it is necessary to work with psychologists, teachers, social workers, performing of art therapy. A large amount of work should be done with persons closest to child and parents, with whom they will communicate after end of treatment.","PeriodicalId":318498,"journal":{"name":"MD-Onco","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127623075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.17650/2782-3202-2022-2-1-74-79
I. N. Iurichev, O. Malikhova, S. Gerasimov, V. Vereshchak
Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration is an invasive intervention which is used for diagnosis of additional formations of the walls of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as focal pathologies beyond it. Many reports indicate high diagnostic effectiveness and safety of this method but with increasing number of aspirations endoscopists start to encounter rare complications of this manipulation. The article presents a description of a rare complication which arose during transesophageal fine-needle aspiration, as well as a correct algorithm of patient management in the post-manipulation period.Determination of the correct strategy of patient management led to favorable outcome of the complication and determination of the final clinical diagnosis.
{"title":"Complication of transesophageal fine-needle aspiration of the mediastinal lymph nodes. Clinical observation","authors":"I. N. Iurichev, O. Malikhova, S. Gerasimov, V. Vereshchak","doi":"10.17650/2782-3202-2022-2-1-74-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/2782-3202-2022-2-1-74-79","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration is an invasive intervention which is used for diagnosis of additional formations of the walls of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as focal pathologies beyond it. Many reports indicate high diagnostic effectiveness and safety of this method but with increasing number of aspirations endoscopists start to encounter rare complications of this manipulation. The article presents a description of a rare complication which arose during transesophageal fine-needle aspiration, as well as a correct algorithm of patient management in the post-manipulation period.Determination of the correct strategy of patient management led to favorable outcome of the complication and determination of the final clinical diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":318498,"journal":{"name":"MD-Onco","volume":"297 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122189700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.17650/2782-3202-2022-2-1-48-57
Yu. E. Ryabukhina, O. L. Timofeeva, A. O. Akhov, F. М. Abbasbeyli, P. A. Zeynalova, O. V. Sinitsyna, A. A. Akhobekov, N. Kupryshina, A. G. Zhukov
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B-cell malignant tumor; its morphological substrate – plasma cells – produces monoclonal immunoglobulin. Primarily, MM is diagnosed in elderly people and is characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations caused by plasma cells infiltration and organ damage. Despite successes in MM therapy, in the majority of cases recurrences of MM or refractory process are observed. In this case, the choice of antitumor drug is usually made depending on its tolerability, toxicity, and availability. Selection of correct treatment can be complicated by such frequent clinical manifestations of MM as osteolytic vertebral lesions leading to development of pathologic compression fractures which in some cases cause spinal cord compression and full immobility in the patients with MM.A clinical case of a 62-year-old female patient with refractory MM is presented. Pathologic compression fractures of the Th12 and L2 vertebral bodies with massive extraosseous component at the Th12 vertebra level posed a threat of spinal cord compression. At the 1st stage, percutaneous vertebroplasty was performed, then antitumor therapy with daratumumab without increased intercycle intervals which significantly increased patient’s quality of life.
{"title":"The role of monoclonal antibodies in treatment of refractory multiple myeloma","authors":"Yu. E. Ryabukhina, O. L. Timofeeva, A. O. Akhov, F. М. Abbasbeyli, P. A. Zeynalova, O. V. Sinitsyna, A. A. Akhobekov, N. Kupryshina, A. G. Zhukov","doi":"10.17650/2782-3202-2022-2-1-48-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/2782-3202-2022-2-1-48-57","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B-cell malignant tumor; its morphological substrate – plasma cells – produces monoclonal immunoglobulin. Primarily, MM is diagnosed in elderly people and is characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations caused by plasma cells infiltration and organ damage. Despite successes in MM therapy, in the majority of cases recurrences of MM or refractory process are observed. In this case, the choice of antitumor drug is usually made depending on its tolerability, toxicity, and availability. Selection of correct treatment can be complicated by such frequent clinical manifestations of MM as osteolytic vertebral lesions leading to development of pathologic compression fractures which in some cases cause spinal cord compression and full immobility in the patients with MM.A clinical case of a 62-year-old female patient with refractory MM is presented. Pathologic compression fractures of the Th12 and L2 vertebral bodies with massive extraosseous component at the Th12 vertebra level posed a threat of spinal cord compression. At the 1st stage, percutaneous vertebroplasty was performed, then antitumor therapy with daratumumab without increased intercycle intervals which significantly increased patient’s quality of life.","PeriodicalId":318498,"journal":{"name":"MD-Onco","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132855935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.17650/2782-3202-2022-2-1-58-64
M. M. Davydov, M. V. Serebryanskaya, M. Shogenov, A. A. Filatov, E. Glukhov, V. E. Gruzdev
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are a rare congenital pathology observed in 2–3 individuals per 10,000, and 10 % of cases are diagnosed in children in the first several years of life. Arteriovenous malformations are vascular abnormalities of the cardiovascular system presenting as pathological anastomoses (shunts) between the arterial and venous systems which leads to direct shunting of nonoxygenated blood from the arterial bed into the venous bed bypassing pulmonary capillary network. Frequently, diagnosis of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations is made in rather neglected cases. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations is hard to diagnose and treat, therefore it requires special attention from surgeons and clinicians which prompted us to describe a clinical case of a young 27-year old male patient with signs of significant chronic hypoxia (saturation (SpO2 ) – 84–86 %, hemoglobin level – 185 g/L, erythrocyte count – 6.13 million/μL, hematocrit – 51.8 %; during examination: acrocyanosis, nail clubbing; complaints of vertigo, decreased tolerance of physical activity, breathlessness during physical activity). Computed tomography in the S8, S9 segments showed arteriovenous malformation, size about 70 × 70 mm. Patient underwent radical treatment in the form of right lower thoracoscopic lobectomy which led to an immediate increase in oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) to 99 %. This clinical example shows that surgical method of treatment is the most radical, and thoracoscopic intervention in a young patient significantly decreases the volume of injury and promotes quick recovery and return to active life.
{"title":"Clinical example of surgical treatment of arteriovenous malformation in right thoracoscopic lobectomy","authors":"M. M. Davydov, M. V. Serebryanskaya, M. Shogenov, A. A. Filatov, E. Glukhov, V. E. Gruzdev","doi":"10.17650/2782-3202-2022-2-1-58-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/2782-3202-2022-2-1-58-64","url":null,"abstract":"Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are a rare congenital pathology observed in 2–3 individuals per 10,000, and 10 % of cases are diagnosed in children in the first several years of life. Arteriovenous malformations are vascular abnormalities of the cardiovascular system presenting as pathological anastomoses (shunts) between the arterial and venous systems which leads to direct shunting of nonoxygenated blood from the arterial bed into the venous bed bypassing pulmonary capillary network. Frequently, diagnosis of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations is made in rather neglected cases. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations is hard to diagnose and treat, therefore it requires special attention from surgeons and clinicians which prompted us to describe a clinical case of a young 27-year old male patient with signs of significant chronic hypoxia (saturation (SpO2 ) – 84–86 %, hemoglobin level – 185 g/L, erythrocyte count – 6.13 million/μL, hematocrit – 51.8 %; during examination: acrocyanosis, nail clubbing; complaints of vertigo, decreased tolerance of physical activity, breathlessness during physical activity). Computed tomography in the S8, S9 segments showed arteriovenous malformation, size about 70 × 70 mm. Patient underwent radical treatment in the form of right lower thoracoscopic lobectomy which led to an immediate increase in oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) to 99 %. This clinical example shows that surgical method of treatment is the most radical, and thoracoscopic intervention in a young patient significantly decreases the volume of injury and promotes quick recovery and return to active life.","PeriodicalId":318498,"journal":{"name":"MD-Onco","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129185266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-07DOI: 10.17650/2782-3202-2021-1-1-79-86
M. N. Demina, E. Safronova
{"title":"Use of stereotactic radiotherapy in treatment of cerebral gliomas","authors":"M. N. Demina, E. Safronova","doi":"10.17650/2782-3202-2021-1-1-79-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/2782-3202-2021-1-1-79-86","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":318498,"journal":{"name":"MD-Onco","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121999657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-07DOI: 10.17650/2782-3202-2021-1-1-93-99
N. Timofeeva, N. V. Bubnova, G. Struchko, I. S. Stomenskaya, O. Kostrova
Despite significant successes in the development of medical sciences, the study of oncopathology issues still occupies a leading place due to the identification of a large number of advanced cases of the disease. Firstly, this may be due to the rapid growth of a malignant tumor, for example, against the background of immunodeficiency. Secondly, with late treatment of patients, when they already have distant metastases. The success of treatment of any oncological process primarily depends on the timing of the diagnosis: the earlier the tumor is diagnosed, the greater the chance of a positive outcome and an increase in the life expectancy of the cancer patient. The most formidable complication of oncopathology and the main cause of death from it is metastasis, which often reduces to zero all the effects of therapy. Metastasis remains a mystery today. So, despite the large number of various theories, the question of the spread of the tumor throughout the body has not yet been resolved. There is no definite answer to the question: do metastases metastasize? The mechanisms of the influence of hormones on the processes of metastasis have not been fully studied. Difficulties in diagnosis are associated with the lack of clinical manifestations before the appearance of metastases, the inability to track and compare changes in tissues and organs in vivo, the non-specificity of the results of available research methods, and the lack of control of the spread of metastases throughout the body. Experimental studies on laboratory animals can provide answers to these and many other questions. In a review of the literature, a study of the main issues of metastasis is conducted.
{"title":"Problems of metastasis (literature review)","authors":"N. Timofeeva, N. V. Bubnova, G. Struchko, I. S. Stomenskaya, O. Kostrova","doi":"10.17650/2782-3202-2021-1-1-93-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/2782-3202-2021-1-1-93-99","url":null,"abstract":"Despite significant successes in the development of medical sciences, the study of oncopathology issues still occupies a leading place due to the identification of a large number of advanced cases of the disease. Firstly, this may be due to the rapid growth of a malignant tumor, for example, against the background of immunodeficiency. Secondly, with late treatment of patients, when they already have distant metastases. The success of treatment of any oncological process primarily depends on the timing of the diagnosis: the earlier the tumor is diagnosed, the greater the chance of a positive outcome and an increase in the life expectancy of the cancer patient. The most formidable complication of oncopathology and the main cause of death from it is metastasis, which often reduces to zero all the effects of therapy. Metastasis remains a mystery today. So, despite the large number of various theories, the question of the spread of the tumor throughout the body has not yet been resolved. There is no definite answer to the question: do metastases metastasize? The mechanisms of the influence of hormones on the processes of metastasis have not been fully studied. Difficulties in diagnosis are associated with the lack of clinical manifestations before the appearance of metastases, the inability to track and compare changes in tissues and organs in vivo, the non-specificity of the results of available research methods, and the lack of control of the spread of metastases throughout the body. Experimental studies on laboratory animals can provide answers to these and many other questions. In a review of the literature, a study of the main issues of metastasis is conducted.","PeriodicalId":318498,"journal":{"name":"MD-Onco","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129324099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-07DOI: 10.17650/2782-3202-2021-1-1-87-92
L. Lyubchenko, E. Zelenova, A. A. Suglobova, K. I. Zhordaniya, M. Davydov
{"title":"Surgical strategy in BRCA-associated breast cancer. Clinical case","authors":"L. Lyubchenko, E. Zelenova, A. A. Suglobova, K. I. Zhordaniya, M. Davydov","doi":"10.17650/2782-3202-2021-1-1-87-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/2782-3202-2021-1-1-87-92","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":318498,"journal":{"name":"MD-Onco","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127125367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.17650/2782-3202-2021-1-1-61-65
Yu. E. Ryabukhina, P. A. Zeynalova, O. I. Timofeeva, F. М. Abbasbeyli, T. V. Ponomarev, N. Kupryshina, A. G. Zhukov
Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (CMPN), Ph-negative, are of clonal nature, develop on the level of hematopoietic stem cell and are characterized by proliferation of one or more hematopoietic pathways. Currently, the group of Ph-negative CMPN includes essential thrombocythemia, primary myelofibrosis, polycythemia vera, myeloproliferative neoplasm unclassifiable.Identification of mutations in the Jak2 (V617F), CALR, and MPL genes extended understanding of biological features of Ph-negative CMPN and improved differential diagnosis of myeloid neoplasms. Nonetheless, clinical practice still encounters difficulties in clear separation between such disorders as primary myelofibrosis, early-stage and transformation of essential thrombocythemia into myelofibrosis with high thrombocytosis. Thrombocytosis is one of the main risk factors for thromboembolic complications, especially in elderly people.A clinical case of an elderly patient with fracture of the left femur developed in the context of Ph-negative CMPN (myelofibrosis) with high level of thrombocytosis is presented which in combination with enforced long-term immobilization and presence of additional risk created danger of thrombosis and hemorrhage during surgery and in the postoperative period.
{"title":"Combination approach to diagnosis and treatment of an elderly patient with chronic Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm and concomitant surgical pathology. Clinical observation","authors":"Yu. E. Ryabukhina, P. A. Zeynalova, O. I. Timofeeva, F. М. Abbasbeyli, T. V. Ponomarev, N. Kupryshina, A. G. Zhukov","doi":"10.17650/2782-3202-2021-1-1-61-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/2782-3202-2021-1-1-61-65","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (CMPN), Ph-negative, are of clonal nature, develop on the level of hematopoietic stem cell and are characterized by proliferation of one or more hematopoietic pathways. Currently, the group of Ph-negative CMPN includes essential thrombocythemia, primary myelofibrosis, polycythemia vera, myeloproliferative neoplasm unclassifiable.Identification of mutations in the Jak2 (V617F), CALR, and MPL genes extended understanding of biological features of Ph-negative CMPN and improved differential diagnosis of myeloid neoplasms. Nonetheless, clinical practice still encounters difficulties in clear separation between such disorders as primary myelofibrosis, early-stage and transformation of essential thrombocythemia into myelofibrosis with high thrombocytosis. Thrombocytosis is one of the main risk factors for thromboembolic complications, especially in elderly people.A clinical case of an elderly patient with fracture of the left femur developed in the context of Ph-negative CMPN (myelofibrosis) with high level of thrombocytosis is presented which in combination with enforced long-term immobilization and presence of additional risk created danger of thrombosis and hemorrhage during surgery and in the postoperative period.","PeriodicalId":318498,"journal":{"name":"MD-Onco","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125748719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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