Pub Date : 2021-08-17DOI: 10.1109/ICUFN49451.2021.9528575
Hyungbin Kim, Yongho Kim, Hyunhee Park
Federated Learning (FL) has a different learning framework from existing machine learning, which had to centralize training data. Federated learning has the advantage of protecting privacy because learning is performed on each client device rather than the central server, and only the weight parameter values, which are the learning results, are sent to the central server. However, the performance of federated learning shows relatively low performance compared to cloud computing, and in reality, it is difficult to build a federated learning environment due to the high communication cost between the server and multiple clients. In this paper, we propose Federated Learning with Clustering algorithms (FLC). The proposed FLC is a method of clustering clients with similar characteristics by analyzing the weights of each layer of a machine learning model, and performing federated learning among the clustered clients. The proposed FLC can reduce the communication cost for each model by reducing the number of clients corresponding to each model. As a result of extensive simulation, it is confirmed that the accuracy is improved by 2.4% and the loss by 47% through the proposed FLC compared to the standard federated learning.
{"title":"Reducing Model Cost Based on the Weights of Each Layer for Federated Learning Clustering","authors":"Hyungbin Kim, Yongho Kim, Hyunhee Park","doi":"10.1109/ICUFN49451.2021.9528575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUFN49451.2021.9528575","url":null,"abstract":"Federated Learning (FL) has a different learning framework from existing machine learning, which had to centralize training data. Federated learning has the advantage of protecting privacy because learning is performed on each client device rather than the central server, and only the weight parameter values, which are the learning results, are sent to the central server. However, the performance of federated learning shows relatively low performance compared to cloud computing, and in reality, it is difficult to build a federated learning environment due to the high communication cost between the server and multiple clients. In this paper, we propose Federated Learning with Clustering algorithms (FLC). The proposed FLC is a method of clustering clients with similar characteristics by analyzing the weights of each layer of a machine learning model, and performing federated learning among the clustered clients. The proposed FLC can reduce the communication cost for each model by reducing the number of clients corresponding to each model. As a result of extensive simulation, it is confirmed that the accuracy is improved by 2.4% and the loss by 47% through the proposed FLC compared to the standard federated learning.","PeriodicalId":318542,"journal":{"name":"2021 Twelfth International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114899027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-17DOI: 10.1109/ICUFN49451.2021.9528742
J. Park, Wanjei Cho, Kyoung-Min Park, Seong-Hwan Hyun, Seong-Cheol Kim, DongEun Kim, Hyung Jun Park
A smart factory environment is becoming increasingly important as the 4th industrial revolution has garnered increasing attention. Formulating a complete wireless condition is the most important aspect of a smart factory. Therefore, making a factory suitable for wireless communication is essential. However, excessive spot-welding machines in a factory result in colored noises, which may cause severe performance degradation in wireless communication. In this study, we measured and analyzed channel noise from a spot-welding machine in a Hyundai Motors Group factory using a spectrum analyzer.
{"title":"Measurement of Colored Noise from Spot-Welding Machine in a Factory","authors":"J. Park, Wanjei Cho, Kyoung-Min Park, Seong-Hwan Hyun, Seong-Cheol Kim, DongEun Kim, Hyung Jun Park","doi":"10.1109/ICUFN49451.2021.9528742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUFN49451.2021.9528742","url":null,"abstract":"A smart factory environment is becoming increasingly important as the 4th industrial revolution has garnered increasing attention. Formulating a complete wireless condition is the most important aspect of a smart factory. Therefore, making a factory suitable for wireless communication is essential. However, excessive spot-welding machines in a factory result in colored noises, which may cause severe performance degradation in wireless communication. In this study, we measured and analyzed channel noise from a spot-welding machine in a Hyundai Motors Group factory using a spectrum analyzer.","PeriodicalId":318542,"journal":{"name":"2021 Twelfth International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114999919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-17DOI: 10.1109/ICUFN49451.2021.9528655
Tae Seob Oh, Younggun Pu, Kangyoon Lee
To get high accuracy, various weight should be stored in memory. For this, this paper presents tri-state weight static random access memory(SRAM). 12T SRAM is a form of power gating on the conventional 10T SRAM. By using power gating, the inverter can be turned off. The new weight (0) can be stored in 12T SRAM when inverter is turned off. The operator fabricated in a 0.18-µm CMOS process dissipates 172.3µW with the supply of 1.8V while convolution. Even without sizing, the writing margin is better than the conventional SRAM and the accuracy is improved by 23.2%.
{"title":"A High Accuracy Low Power Convolution Operator with 12T SRAM for CNN","authors":"Tae Seob Oh, Younggun Pu, Kangyoon Lee","doi":"10.1109/ICUFN49451.2021.9528655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUFN49451.2021.9528655","url":null,"abstract":"To get high accuracy, various weight should be stored in memory. For this, this paper presents tri-state weight static random access memory(SRAM). 12T SRAM is a form of power gating on the conventional 10T SRAM. By using power gating, the inverter can be turned off. The new weight (0) can be stored in 12T SRAM when inverter is turned off. The operator fabricated in a 0.18-µm CMOS process dissipates 172.3µW with the supply of 1.8V while convolution. Even without sizing, the writing margin is better than the conventional SRAM and the accuracy is improved by 23.2%.","PeriodicalId":318542,"journal":{"name":"2021 Twelfth International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122117049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-17DOI: 10.1109/ICUFN49451.2021.9528714
L. Mutalemwa, Seokjoo Shin
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have gained increasing popularity in ubiquitous support of sensing system services. Often, WSNs are energy-constrained and they are deployed in harsh and unattended environments. Consequently, WSNs are vulnerable to energy and environmental factors. To ensure secure and reliable operations in safety-critical monitoring WSNs, it is important to guarantee energy-efficient communications, location privacy protection, and reliability. Fake packet-based source location privacy (SLP) protocols are known to be energy-inefficient. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the impact of energy-inefficient communications on the privacy performance of the fake packet-based SLP protocols. Experiment results show that the protocols achieve short-term and less reliable SLP protection.
{"title":"The Impact of Energy-Inefficient Communications on Location Privacy Protection in Monitoring Wireless Networks","authors":"L. Mutalemwa, Seokjoo Shin","doi":"10.1109/ICUFN49451.2021.9528714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUFN49451.2021.9528714","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have gained increasing popularity in ubiquitous support of sensing system services. Often, WSNs are energy-constrained and they are deployed in harsh and unattended environments. Consequently, WSNs are vulnerable to energy and environmental factors. To ensure secure and reliable operations in safety-critical monitoring WSNs, it is important to guarantee energy-efficient communications, location privacy protection, and reliability. Fake packet-based source location privacy (SLP) protocols are known to be energy-inefficient. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the impact of energy-inefficient communications on the privacy performance of the fake packet-based SLP protocols. Experiment results show that the protocols achieve short-term and less reliable SLP protection.","PeriodicalId":318542,"journal":{"name":"2021 Twelfth International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129014891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-17DOI: 10.1109/ICUFN49451.2021.9528540
Riku Yamabe, M. Nishiara, O. Takyu
Packet level index modulation is a modulation scheme that can expand the transmission capacity without changing the existing LPWA (Low Power Wide Area) communication standard. In this paper, we calculate the theoretical capacity of the channel. In this modulation scheme, time is treated as a unit of slots and there are multiple channels that can transmit packets. To comply with the 10 % duty cycle of LPWA specification, we assume that only 1 packet is transmitted per 10 slot. In general, it is possible to transmit $N$ packets in 10N slots. We calculate the capacity of the channel for this model.
{"title":"Channel Capacity for a Model of Packet Level Index Modulation in LPWA Networks","authors":"Riku Yamabe, M. Nishiara, O. Takyu","doi":"10.1109/ICUFN49451.2021.9528540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUFN49451.2021.9528540","url":null,"abstract":"Packet level index modulation is a modulation scheme that can expand the transmission capacity without changing the existing LPWA (Low Power Wide Area) communication standard. In this paper, we calculate the theoretical capacity of the channel. In this modulation scheme, time is treated as a unit of slots and there are multiple channels that can transmit packets. To comply with the 10 % duty cycle of LPWA specification, we assume that only 1 packet is transmitted per 10 slot. In general, it is possible to transmit $N$ packets in 10N slots. We calculate the capacity of the channel for this model.","PeriodicalId":318542,"journal":{"name":"2021 Twelfth International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125889611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-17DOI: 10.1109/ICUFN49451.2021.9528708
I. Chong, Sajjad Ali
The provision of semantic interoperability among heterogeneous data is important issue to cope with a tremendous potential of diverse healthcare applications. This paper describes schema ontology models to support semantic interoperability in healthcare applications of depressive disorder (DD) using the framework of Web of Objects (WoO). And the implementation aspects of semantics interoperability with required schema ontology models and their integrated associations are defined to characterize the target interoperable ontology of affective DD states.
在异构数据之间提供语义互操作性是应对各种医疗保健应用程序巨大潜力的重要问题。本文利用对象Web (Web of Objects, WoO)框架，描述了支持抑郁症(DD)医疗保健应用中语义互操作性的模式本体模型。定义了语义互操作与所需模式本体模型的实现方面及其集成关联，以表征情感DD状态的目标互操作本体。
{"title":"Schema Ontology Model to Support Semantic Interoperability in Healthcare Applications: Use Case of Depressive Disorder","authors":"I. Chong, Sajjad Ali","doi":"10.1109/ICUFN49451.2021.9528708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUFN49451.2021.9528708","url":null,"abstract":"The provision of semantic interoperability among heterogeneous data is important issue to cope with a tremendous potential of diverse healthcare applications. This paper describes schema ontology models to support semantic interoperability in healthcare applications of depressive disorder (DD) using the framework of Web of Objects (WoO). And the implementation aspects of semantics interoperability with required schema ontology models and their integrated associations are defined to characterize the target interoperable ontology of affective DD states.","PeriodicalId":318542,"journal":{"name":"2021 Twelfth International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121174309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-17DOI: 10.1109/icufn49451.2021.9528802
{"title":"ICUFN 2021 Program at a Glance","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/icufn49451.2021.9528802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icufn49451.2021.9528802","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":318542,"journal":{"name":"2021 Twelfth International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN)","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131919338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-17DOI: 10.1109/ICUFN49451.2021.9528829
Shuai Zhang, Jinglei Li, Qinghai Yang, K. Kwak
A dynamic priority scheduling scheme is conceived for the safety messages of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). The priority of a message is dynamically adjusted for satisfying the specific VANETs safety requirements. A spatio-temporal correlation function based on the message-priority is developed, which monotonically decreases as the transmission range and the transmission duration increasing. Additionally, the spreading of a message is limited to the dynamic life-span and spatial area. Our simulations demonstrate that the proposed scheduling scheme is capable of significantly reducing the network's duplicated teletraffic when the vehicular density is high, whilst improving the achievable transmission range in the low vehicular density.
{"title":"Dynamic Priority Scheduling Mechanism Based on Spatio-Temporal Correlation for VANETs","authors":"Shuai Zhang, Jinglei Li, Qinghai Yang, K. Kwak","doi":"10.1109/ICUFN49451.2021.9528829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUFN49451.2021.9528829","url":null,"abstract":"A dynamic priority scheduling scheme is conceived for the safety messages of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). The priority of a message is dynamically adjusted for satisfying the specific VANETs safety requirements. A spatio-temporal correlation function based on the message-priority is developed, which monotonically decreases as the transmission range and the transmission duration increasing. Additionally, the spreading of a message is limited to the dynamic life-span and spatial area. Our simulations demonstrate that the proposed scheduling scheme is capable of significantly reducing the network's duplicated teletraffic when the vehicular density is high, whilst improving the achievable transmission range in the low vehicular density.","PeriodicalId":318542,"journal":{"name":"2021 Twelfth International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132145089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-17DOI: 10.1109/ICUFN49451.2021.9528679
Sekyung Park, Junkyu Park, Jong-Deuk Ahn, B. Cho, Suwoong Lee, Minyoung Kim
This study estimates the position and depth of the user's foot contacts of playing on a trampoline by acquiring the image of the footprint shadow and processing it to enable quantitative analysis of jumping (as a fitness exercise) or to link it to computer games. First, a hardware prototype of a jumping fitness monitoring system is proposed, consisting of a trampoline, an upward-looking wide-angle fish-eye camera module, and a signal processing embedded board. Second, image-based three-dimensional foot contact position estimation (I3D-FeE) algorithms are proposed, comprising the foot contact position estimation algorithm in the transverse plane and the foot contact depth estimation algorithm in the vertical direction. The foot contact positions were estimated using the binary image of the foot shadow obtained by extracting the binary masks of the trampoline and foot. The foot contact depth was estimated using the similarity ratio of the footprint shadow sizes. To verify the usefulness of the proposed system and the accuracy of the proposed contact position estimation algorithms, a series of experiments were conducted using a robotic manipulator. The experimental results show that the X and Y coordinates of the foot contact position and the Z coordinate of the foot contact depth were successfully estimated within an average error of 3.40 (mm), 3.26 (mm), and 4.49 (mm), respectively.
{"title":"Three-Dimensional Foot Contact Position on a Smart Fitness Trampoline with a Upward Looking Wide View Imaging System","authors":"Sekyung Park, Junkyu Park, Jong-Deuk Ahn, B. Cho, Suwoong Lee, Minyoung Kim","doi":"10.1109/ICUFN49451.2021.9528679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUFN49451.2021.9528679","url":null,"abstract":"This study estimates the position and depth of the user's foot contacts of playing on a trampoline by acquiring the image of the footprint shadow and processing it to enable quantitative analysis of jumping (as a fitness exercise) or to link it to computer games. First, a hardware prototype of a jumping fitness monitoring system is proposed, consisting of a trampoline, an upward-looking wide-angle fish-eye camera module, and a signal processing embedded board. Second, image-based three-dimensional foot contact position estimation (I3D-FeE) algorithms are proposed, comprising the foot contact position estimation algorithm in the transverse plane and the foot contact depth estimation algorithm in the vertical direction. The foot contact positions were estimated using the binary image of the foot shadow obtained by extracting the binary masks of the trampoline and foot. The foot contact depth was estimated using the similarity ratio of the footprint shadow sizes. To verify the usefulness of the proposed system and the accuracy of the proposed contact position estimation algorithms, a series of experiments were conducted using a robotic manipulator. The experimental results show that the X and Y coordinates of the foot contact position and the Z coordinate of the foot contact depth were successfully estimated within an average error of 3.40 (mm), 3.26 (mm), and 4.49 (mm), respectively.","PeriodicalId":318542,"journal":{"name":"2021 Twelfth International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134564103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-17DOI: 10.1109/ICUFN49451.2021.9528568
Khikmatullo Tulkinbekov, Deok‐Hwan Kim
The idea of blockchain has emerged in many applications, including IoT data processing, over the last few years. Because of the guaranteed security, the blockchain is believed to create the backbone of future technologies as a P2P network. However, applying the blockchain protocol in IoT data computing faces a severe challenge related to extensive data management. This paper presents a BlockStore, the method for storing blockchain data in single public storage while maintaining the security features. The BlockStore also resolves the access management and recovery issues among the blockchain nodes. The preliminary experiments prove that the expected research brings a considerable advantage to IoT data management using blockchain.1
{"title":"Storing Blockchain Data in Public Storage","authors":"Khikmatullo Tulkinbekov, Deok‐Hwan Kim","doi":"10.1109/ICUFN49451.2021.9528568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUFN49451.2021.9528568","url":null,"abstract":"The idea of blockchain has emerged in many applications, including IoT data processing, over the last few years. Because of the guaranteed security, the blockchain is believed to create the backbone of future technologies as a P2P network. However, applying the blockchain protocol in IoT data computing faces a severe challenge related to extensive data management. This paper presents a BlockStore, the method for storing blockchain data in single public storage while maintaining the security features. The BlockStore also resolves the access management and recovery issues among the blockchain nodes. The preliminary experiments prove that the expected research brings a considerable advantage to IoT data management using blockchain.1","PeriodicalId":318542,"journal":{"name":"2021 Twelfth International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131110327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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