Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) belongs to a cytopathic retrovirus that cause acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) over time. Due to the suppression of the immune system by this retrovirus, many disease processes may occur. Abdominal ultrasonography is a cost-effective, safe, accessible, and noninvasive means of demonstrating the hepatobiliary manifestations of HIV/AIDS. CD4+ count and viral load are the two important markers. Objective: This study aims at correlating the hepatobiliary ultrasound findings with CD4+ count and viral load in adult patients with HIV/AIDS in South East, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a 12-month cross-sectional study of 210 adult patients with HIV/AIDS, carried out from January 2020 to December 2021 in South East, Nigeria. Each patient's abdomen was scanned using 2.5–5 MHz curvilinear on an “ALOKA” ultrasound machine. The viral load and CD4+ count results were collected from the patient's folders at the Medical Records Department. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS, version 21.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA, 2011). Results: A total of 210 patients with HIV/AIDS who had a mean age of 39.1 ± 10.9 years, were recruited into this study. Patients with severe CD4+ class and high viral load had the highest proportion of abnormal hepatobiliary findings (28.6% and 25.7%, respectively). Hepatomegaly, hyperechoic liver, coarse parenchyma, ascites, gallbladder abnormalities, and lymphadenopathy were the common ultrasound findings, some of which showed statistically significant correlation with CD4+ count and viral load. Conclusion: Many of the hepatobiliary ultrasound findings showed statistically significant correlation with CD4+ count and viral load.
背景:人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)属于一种细胞病变逆转录病毒，随着时间的推移导致获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)。由于这种逆转录病毒对免疫系统的抑制，许多疾病过程可能发生。腹部超声检查是一种经济、安全、方便和无创的方法，可以显示艾滋病毒/艾滋病的肝胆表现。CD4+计数和病毒载量是两个重要的标志物。目的:本研究旨在探讨尼日利亚东南部成年HIV/AIDS患者肝胆超声检查结果与CD4+计数和病毒载量的相关性。材料和方法:这是一项为期12个月的横断面研究，于2020年1月至2021年12月在尼日利亚东南部对210名成年艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者进行研究。在“ALOKA”超声机上使用2.5-5 MHz曲线扫描每位患者的腹部。病毒载量和CD4+计数结果从医疗记录部的患者文件夹中收集。统计分析使用IBM SPSS, version 21.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA, 2011)。结果:共纳入210例HIV/AIDS患者，平均年龄39.1±10.9岁。CD4+级别严重和病毒载量高的患者肝胆异常比例最高(分别为28.6%和25.7%)。肝肿大、肝高回声、粗实质、腹水、胆囊异常、淋巴结病变是常见的超声表现，部分超声表现与CD4+计数、病毒载量有统计学意义。结论:许多肝胆超声检查结果与CD4+计数和病毒载量有统计学意义。
{"title":"Correlation of hepatobiliary ultrasound findings with CD4+ count and viral load in adult patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome in South-East Nigeria","authors":"Kanayo Obieje, U. Ebubedike","doi":"10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_12_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_12_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) belongs to a cytopathic retrovirus that cause acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) over time. Due to the suppression of the immune system by this retrovirus, many disease processes may occur. Abdominal ultrasonography is a cost-effective, safe, accessible, and noninvasive means of demonstrating the hepatobiliary manifestations of HIV/AIDS. CD4+ count and viral load are the two important markers. Objective: This study aims at correlating the hepatobiliary ultrasound findings with CD4+ count and viral load in adult patients with HIV/AIDS in South East, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a 12-month cross-sectional study of 210 adult patients with HIV/AIDS, carried out from January 2020 to December 2021 in South East, Nigeria. Each patient's abdomen was scanned using 2.5–5 MHz curvilinear on an “ALOKA” ultrasound machine. The viral load and CD4+ count results were collected from the patient's folders at the Medical Records Department. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS, version 21.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA, 2011). Results: A total of 210 patients with HIV/AIDS who had a mean age of 39.1 ± 10.9 years, were recruited into this study. Patients with severe CD4+ class and high viral load had the highest proportion of abnormal hepatobiliary findings (28.6% and 25.7%, respectively). Hepatomegaly, hyperechoic liver, coarse parenchyma, ascites, gallbladder abnormalities, and lymphadenopathy were the common ultrasound findings, some of which showed statistically significant correlation with CD4+ count and viral load. Conclusion: Many of the hepatobiliary ultrasound findings showed statistically significant correlation with CD4+ count and viral load.","PeriodicalId":319549,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116923725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: The aim of this study is to present a report on the commissioning results of the Varian TrueBeam machine with available photon energies so that it can benefit medical physicists during the entire commissioning process. Subjects and Methods: All tests were performed as per the recommendation of the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board. The beam profiles and percentage depth dose of both photon and electron beams were measured with Sun nuclear Radiation Field Analyzer and 0.125 cc ionization chamber. Output accuracy and consistency of photon and electron beams were measured using 0.6 cc cylindrical ionization chamber and 0.350 cc parallel plate ionization chamber, respectively. To measure the congruency of radiation and optical field and isocenter check with respect to gantry, collimator, and couch, self-developed films were used. Results: Isocenter shift due to gantry, collimator, and couch, rotation was found to be within ± 2-mm diameter circle. Congruency of optical and radiation fields was measured for symmetric fields 5 cm × 5 cm, 10 cm × 10 cm, 20 cm × 20 cm, and 30 cm × 30 cm for all available energy and was within ± 2 mm. Dosimetric leaf gap value for the multi-leaf collimator was measured with 0.125 cc ionization chamber and values are −0.853 mm, −1.106 mm, −1.097 mm, −0.765 mm, and −1.005 mm for energies 6 MV, 10 MV, 15 MV, 6 flattening filter free (FFF), and 10 FFF, respectively. Conclusions: All electrical, mechanical, dosimetric, and safety measurement were found to be within permissible limits. Before clinical use, the beam data are crosschecked with point dosimetry, portal dosimetry, and MapCHECK two-dimensional detector array and results are within tolerance.
目的:本研究的目的是报告瓦里安TrueBeam机器的可用光子能量的调试结果，以便在整个调试过程中为医学物理学家提供帮助。试验对象和方法:所有试验均按照原子能管理委员会的建议进行。用太阳核辐射场分析仪和0.125 cc电离室测量了光子和电子束的光束轮廓和百分比深度剂量。采用0.6 cc圆柱电离室和0.350 cc平行板电离室分别测量了光子和电子束的输出精度和一致性。为了测量辐射光场的一致性，并对龙门、准直器和工作台进行等心检查，使用了自显影胶片。结果:龙门、准直器、工作台等中心移位，旋转范围在±2mm直径圆内。在5 cm × 5 cm、10 cm × 10 cm、20 cm × 20 cm和30 cm × 30 cm的对称场中，测量所有可用能量的光场和辐射场的一致性，一致性在±2 mm以内。在0.125 cc电离室中测量了多叶准直器的剂量学叶间隙值，分别为- 0.853 mm、- 1.106 mm、- 1.097 mm、- 0.765 mm和- 1.005 mm，能量分别为6 MV、10 MV、15 MV、6个无压平滤波器(FFF)和10个FFF。结论:所有电气、机械、剂量学和安全测量均在允许范围内。在临床使用前，将光束数据与点剂量法、门静脉剂量法和MapCHECK二维探测器阵列交叉核对，结果在公差范围内。
{"title":"Commissioning and performance evaluation of varian truebeam linear accelerator","authors":"Bidisha Dutta, Shrutisikha Goswami, Sushmita Moran, Phulkumari Talukdar","doi":"10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_11_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_11_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of this study is to present a report on the commissioning results of the Varian TrueBeam machine with available photon energies so that it can benefit medical physicists during the entire commissioning process. Subjects and Methods: All tests were performed as per the recommendation of the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board. The beam profiles and percentage depth dose of both photon and electron beams were measured with Sun nuclear Radiation Field Analyzer and 0.125 cc ionization chamber. Output accuracy and consistency of photon and electron beams were measured using 0.6 cc cylindrical ionization chamber and 0.350 cc parallel plate ionization chamber, respectively. To measure the congruency of radiation and optical field and isocenter check with respect to gantry, collimator, and couch, self-developed films were used. Results: Isocenter shift due to gantry, collimator, and couch, rotation was found to be within ± 2-mm diameter circle. Congruency of optical and radiation fields was measured for symmetric fields 5 cm × 5 cm, 10 cm × 10 cm, 20 cm × 20 cm, and 30 cm × 30 cm for all available energy and was within ± 2 mm. Dosimetric leaf gap value for the multi-leaf collimator was measured with 0.125 cc ionization chamber and values are −0.853 mm, −1.106 mm, −1.097 mm, −0.765 mm, and −1.005 mm for energies 6 MV, 10 MV, 15 MV, 6 flattening filter free (FFF), and 10 FFF, respectively. Conclusions: All electrical, mechanical, dosimetric, and safety measurement were found to be within permissible limits. Before clinical use, the beam data are crosschecked with point dosimetry, portal dosimetry, and MapCHECK two-dimensional detector array and results are within tolerance.","PeriodicalId":319549,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116029126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Aliyu, Nafisa Bello, H. Umar-Sulayman, D. Suleiman, Halima Muhammad, H. Umar
Ovarian torsion is not uncommon in pregnancy and presents as one of the causes of acute abdomen in pregnancy. It is more common in the 1st and the early 2nd trimesters but uncommon in the late 2nd and 3rd trimesters. An hemorrhagic cyst has been described as a predisposing factor, and even an imitator of ovarian torsion with ultrasonography been the imaging modality of first choice in its evaluation. The index case is an unusual presentation at the late 2nd trimester gestation, for which ultrasonography revealed a hemorrhagic cyst with normal Doppler findings. However, intraoperative findings were that of an adnexal torsion with infarction warranting salpingo-oophorectomy. Therefore, ultrasonographic findings of hemorrhagic ovarian cyst and relatively normal adnexal Doppler in a pregnant patient with clinical presentation of acute abdomen could highly be suggestive of ovarian torsion, necessitating urgent surgical evaluation and intervention to prevent adnexal infarction.
{"title":"Acute abdomen in pregnancy: Ovarian torsion diagnosed as hemorrhagic cyst on ultrasonography","authors":"I. Aliyu, Nafisa Bello, H. Umar-Sulayman, D. Suleiman, Halima Muhammad, H. Umar","doi":"10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_7_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_7_22","url":null,"abstract":"Ovarian torsion is not uncommon in pregnancy and presents as one of the causes of acute abdomen in pregnancy. It is more common in the 1st and the early 2nd trimesters but uncommon in the late 2nd and 3rd trimesters. An hemorrhagic cyst has been described as a predisposing factor, and even an imitator of ovarian torsion with ultrasonography been the imaging modality of first choice in its evaluation. The index case is an unusual presentation at the late 2nd trimester gestation, for which ultrasonography revealed a hemorrhagic cyst with normal Doppler findings. However, intraoperative findings were that of an adnexal torsion with infarction warranting salpingo-oophorectomy. Therefore, ultrasonographic findings of hemorrhagic ovarian cyst and relatively normal adnexal Doppler in a pregnant patient with clinical presentation of acute abdomen could highly be suggestive of ovarian torsion, necessitating urgent surgical evaluation and intervention to prevent adnexal infarction.","PeriodicalId":319549,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127873107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gurpreet Kaur, V. Dangwal, Garima Gaur, R. Grover, M. Kang, Sheetal, Simrandeep Singh, P. Garg
Aim: The aim is to calculate and correlate dose homogeneity index (DHI) with the target volume of intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) plans for cervical cancer patients. Introduction: In the case of brachytherapy, the dose distribution is heterogeneous as a very high radiation dose gradient is there in the vicinity of the radiation source. To assess the treatment plans, one of the objective tools is DHI which can give a choice for making a favorable plan with maximum homogeneous coverage of tumor and protects normal tissues at the same time. In this study, DHI was calculated and correlated with clinical target volume. Materials and Methods: Forty-five treatment plans of ICBT of cervical cancer patients were generated. DHI was calculated for all these treatment plans. These treatment plans were divided into six groups according to the volume of clinical targets, and data were analyzed to find out the correlation between DHI and clinical target volume. Results: The minimum, maximum, and mean values of DHI for all the treatment plans were 0.0045, 0.4998, and 0.2389, respectively. The minimum and maximum values of DHI was seen for clinical target volume of 19.99 cc and 37.32 cc, respectively. The volume of the clinical target varied from 15.41 cc to 44.32 cc, with an average value of 30.5 cc. Discussion: The lowest value of DHI was seen in the group having the lowest clinical target volume and the highest DHI was seen in the group having the largest clinical target volume. These observations suggest that homogeneity was worsening as the volume of tumor increases. Conclusion: DHI may be a good indicator to assess the quality of treatment plan during the planning.
{"title":"The correlation between dose homogeneity index and target volume in intracavitary brachytherapy treatment plans of cervical cancer patients","authors":"Gurpreet Kaur, V. Dangwal, Garima Gaur, R. Grover, M. Kang, Sheetal, Simrandeep Singh, P. Garg","doi":"10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_10_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_10_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim is to calculate and correlate dose homogeneity index (DHI) with the target volume of intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) plans for cervical cancer patients. Introduction: In the case of brachytherapy, the dose distribution is heterogeneous as a very high radiation dose gradient is there in the vicinity of the radiation source. To assess the treatment plans, one of the objective tools is DHI which can give a choice for making a favorable plan with maximum homogeneous coverage of tumor and protects normal tissues at the same time. In this study, DHI was calculated and correlated with clinical target volume. Materials and Methods: Forty-five treatment plans of ICBT of cervical cancer patients were generated. DHI was calculated for all these treatment plans. These treatment plans were divided into six groups according to the volume of clinical targets, and data were analyzed to find out the correlation between DHI and clinical target volume. Results: The minimum, maximum, and mean values of DHI for all the treatment plans were 0.0045, 0.4998, and 0.2389, respectively. The minimum and maximum values of DHI was seen for clinical target volume of 19.99 cc and 37.32 cc, respectively. The volume of the clinical target varied from 15.41 cc to 44.32 cc, with an average value of 30.5 cc. Discussion: The lowest value of DHI was seen in the group having the lowest clinical target volume and the highest DHI was seen in the group having the largest clinical target volume. These observations suggest that homogeneity was worsening as the volume of tumor increases. Conclusion: DHI may be a good indicator to assess the quality of treatment plan during the planning.","PeriodicalId":319549,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128616376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Abdus-salam, A. Takure, B. Akinlade, O. Idowu, S. Folorunso, Adeniyi Olabu muyi, M. Jimoh, Folasire Ayorinde, A. Ntekim, Adebayo Oladeji, E. Oyekunle, F. Sarimiye, Babatunde Ogunnorin, A. Adenipekun
Before now, brachytherapy in public hospitals in Nigeria has focused almost exclusively on treating gynecological tumors, especially cervical cancer. Three years ago, the Federal Government procured brachytherapy equipment for six hospitals in Nigeria, including the University College Hospital, Ibadan. In this article, we present our experience as Nigerian pioneers using high-dose-rate brachytherapy modality for prostate cancer treatment, including challenges (being) encountered and recommendations for other centers planning to start this service in the country and beyond.
{"title":"Early experience of high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy for prostate cancer in Nigeria","authors":"A. Abdus-salam, A. Takure, B. Akinlade, O. Idowu, S. Folorunso, Adeniyi Olabu muyi, M. Jimoh, Folasire Ayorinde, A. Ntekim, Adebayo Oladeji, E. Oyekunle, F. Sarimiye, Babatunde Ogunnorin, A. Adenipekun","doi":"10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_24_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_24_21","url":null,"abstract":"Before now, brachytherapy in public hospitals in Nigeria has focused almost exclusively on treating gynecological tumors, especially cervical cancer. Three years ago, the Federal Government procured brachytherapy equipment for six hospitals in Nigeria, including the University College Hospital, Ibadan. In this article, we present our experience as Nigerian pioneers using high-dose-rate brachytherapy modality for prostate cancer treatment, including challenges (being) encountered and recommendations for other centers planning to start this service in the country and beyond.","PeriodicalId":319549,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125813511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Voke Olaniyan, J. Akinmoladun, Ifeoluwasemilojo Aina, A. Adeyinka
Introduction: There has been an upsurge in the prevalence of preterm delivery globally and short cervix has been strongly associated with it. However, studies have shown that when it is detected early in mid-second trimester, preventive measures could be taken to forestall pregnancy loss. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted among pregnant women who presented for mid-trimester anomaly ultrasound scan between 18 and 24 weeks at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan. The cervical length was measured with ultrasound machine through the transvaginal route and the patients were subsequently followed up till delivery. Results: One hundred and seventy-seven pregnant women with an age range between 21 and 44 years were recruited for the study. The incidence rate of mid-pregnancy short cervical length among the patients was 7.9%. The preterm delivery rate was 14.1%, and the association between it and short cervical length was statistically significant. The positive predictive value for preterm delivery when the <2.5 cm cervical length cut-off was used was 44%, the negative predictive value was 97.3%. Conclusion: The incidence of preterm delivery due to ultrasonographically detected short cervical length was significant among the women attending antenatal clinic in UCH, and there was a significant association with some of the risk factors such as previous preterm delivery and previous preterm premature rupture of membranes.
{"title":"Predictive value of cervical length measurement on transvaginal ultrasonography in determination of preterm delivery in a Nigerian South Western Tertiary Hospital","authors":"Voke Olaniyan, J. Akinmoladun, Ifeoluwasemilojo Aina, A. Adeyinka","doi":"10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_5_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_5_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: There has been an upsurge in the prevalence of preterm delivery globally and short cervix has been strongly associated with it. However, studies have shown that when it is detected early in mid-second trimester, preventive measures could be taken to forestall pregnancy loss. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted among pregnant women who presented for mid-trimester anomaly ultrasound scan between 18 and 24 weeks at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan. The cervical length was measured with ultrasound machine through the transvaginal route and the patients were subsequently followed up till delivery. Results: One hundred and seventy-seven pregnant women with an age range between 21 and 44 years were recruited for the study. The incidence rate of mid-pregnancy short cervical length among the patients was 7.9%. The preterm delivery rate was 14.1%, and the association between it and short cervical length was statistically significant. The positive predictive value for preterm delivery when the <2.5 cm cervical length cut-off was used was 44%, the negative predictive value was 97.3%. Conclusion: The incidence of preterm delivery due to ultrasonographically detected short cervical length was significant among the women attending antenatal clinic in UCH, and there was a significant association with some of the risk factors such as previous preterm delivery and previous preterm premature rupture of membranes.","PeriodicalId":319549,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"32 Suppl 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129620600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. C Chibuzo, A. Smart, A. Takure, B. Osobu, J. Rimande, G. Ogbole
Background: Due to infrastructural and financial constraints, public institutions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) use low-field magnetic resonance imaging (LFMRI) systems, which limits the possibility for global guideline conformity. Nonetheless, existing systems are being used to broaden the scope of prostate cancer (PCa) imaging assessment and disease characterization. Because LMICs have a dearth of subspecialty radiologists, general radiologists would need more exposure to meet the growing needs of the subspecialties, conform to universal best practice, and improve clinical outcomes. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate MRI reports for PCa evaluation generated by general radiologists at a tertiary hospital on a LFMRI (<0.5T) system. Methods: An assessment tool (”LFMRI”) was developed, based on PIRADS criteria, to evaluate prostate MRI reports of images generated from a LFMRI. Two independent observers (urologist and radiologist) rated the reports. Another general radiologist used the tool to generate new reports from the same images. These reports were reassessed by the same raters. The average assigned scores were categorized as poor (0–4), fair (5–8), or good (9–12). Results: Six of seven (85.7%) reviewed reports were poor with only one (14.7%) providing useful information for clinical decision. Inter-rater reliability was moderate (48.3%). The revised reports revealed additional clinically useful information in all cases and a mean total score improvement of 7.3 (0.69). Inter-rater reliability improved to 78.7%95% confidence interval, CI (0.5, 1.0), P < 0.0001. Conclusion: The images generated from LFMRI in resource-constrained settings may provide requisite information for PCa evaluation. A simple tool (LFMRI) can guide general radiologists in making useful and enhanced clinical decisions based on LFMRI reports.
背景:由于基础设施和财政限制，低收入和中等收入国家(LMICs)的公共机构使用低场磁共振成像(LFMRI)系统，这限制了全球指南一致性的可能性。尽管如此，现有的系统正在被用于扩大前列腺癌(PCa)成像评估和疾病表征的范围。由于中低收入国家缺乏亚专科放射科医生，普通放射科医生将需要更多的接触，以满足亚专科日益增长的需求，符合普遍的最佳实践，并改善临床结果。目的:本研究的目的是评估三级医院普通放射科医生在LFMRI (<0.5T)系统上生成的用于PCa评估的MRI报告。方法:基于PIRADS标准，开发了一种评估工具(“LFMRI”)来评估LFMRI生成的图像的前列腺MRI报告。两名独立观察员(泌尿科医生和放射科医生)对报告进行了评级。另一位普通放射科医生使用该工具从相同的图像生成新的报告。这些报告由相同的评级人员重新评估。平均评分分为差(0-4分)、一般(5-8分)、好(9-12分)。结果:7份报告中有6份(85.7%)质量较差，仅有1份(14.7%)为临床决策提供了有用的信息。评估者间信度中等(48.3%)。修订后的报告在所有病例中显示了额外的临床有用信息，平均总分提高了7.3分(0.69分)。评分间信度提高至78.7%，95%置信区间，CI (0.5, 1.0)， P < 0.0001。结论:在资源受限的情况下，LFMRI生成的图像可以为PCa评估提供必要的信息。一个简单的工具(LFMRI)可以指导普通放射科医生根据LFMRI报告做出有用和增强的临床决策。
{"title":"Improving the specificity of uniparametric low-field magnetic resonance imaging in prostate cancer assessment in resource-limited settings","authors":"I. C Chibuzo, A. Smart, A. Takure, B. Osobu, J. Rimande, G. Ogbole","doi":"10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_9_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_9_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Due to infrastructural and financial constraints, public institutions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) use low-field magnetic resonance imaging (LFMRI) systems, which limits the possibility for global guideline conformity. Nonetheless, existing systems are being used to broaden the scope of prostate cancer (PCa) imaging assessment and disease characterization. Because LMICs have a dearth of subspecialty radiologists, general radiologists would need more exposure to meet the growing needs of the subspecialties, conform to universal best practice, and improve clinical outcomes. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate MRI reports for PCa evaluation generated by general radiologists at a tertiary hospital on a LFMRI (<0.5T) system. Methods: An assessment tool (”LFMRI”) was developed, based on PIRADS criteria, to evaluate prostate MRI reports of images generated from a LFMRI. Two independent observers (urologist and radiologist) rated the reports. Another general radiologist used the tool to generate new reports from the same images. These reports were reassessed by the same raters. The average assigned scores were categorized as poor (0–4), fair (5–8), or good (9–12). Results: Six of seven (85.7%) reviewed reports were poor with only one (14.7%) providing useful information for clinical decision. Inter-rater reliability was moderate (48.3%). The revised reports revealed additional clinically useful information in all cases and a mean total score improvement of 7.3 (0.69). Inter-rater reliability improved to 78.7%95% confidence interval, CI (0.5, 1.0), P < 0.0001. Conclusion: The images generated from LFMRI in resource-constrained settings may provide requisite information for PCa evaluation. A simple tool (LFMRI) can guide general radiologists in making useful and enhanced clinical decisions based on LFMRI reports.","PeriodicalId":319549,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130588432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ibrahim Mohammed, M. Dahiru, H. Umar, U. Aminu, T. Suleiman, P. Ibinaiye, MC Dahiru Aminu, Yusuf Hadiza
Background: The carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT) has been established as an early predictor of general arteriosclerosis in patients with diabetes. However, there is a paucity of information on CIMT of the common carotid artery (CCA) in healthy patients and in patients with risk factors for cardiovascular diseases such as diabetics, hypertension, and obesity in our environment. The aim of this study was to compare the CIMT in adult patients with diabetes and normal subjects in our institution in Gombe, Northeastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This case–control study was conducted over a period of 8 months (from April 2015 to December 2015) at Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe, on 105 adult diabetic patients and 105 normal adults aged 18 years and above. The CCA was scanned with a PHILIPS HD-9 ultrasound scanner equipped with Doppler facility using a 7.5 MHz linear transducer. Three measurements of the CIMT were obtained at 1 cm proximal to the right and left carotid bulbs and the mean value of the measurements was recorded. Results: The age range of the diabetics comprising 54% of males and 46% of females was 23–79 years, while the range of control group comprising of 53% of males and 47% of females was 18–68 years. The overall mean CIMT (MCIMT) was 0.97 ± 0.4 mm and 0.73 ± 0.1 mm for diabetics and nondiabetic subjects, respectively. MCIMT was significantly higher in diabetics compared to nondiabetic subjects (P = 0.000). In diabetics, overall MCIMT values were 0.96 ± 0.2 mm and 0.91 ± 0.2 mm on the right and left sides, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between the two sides (P = 0.000), while in the normal group, the overall MCIMT values on the right and left sides were 0.75 ± 0.1 mm and 0.73 ± 0.1 mm, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between the two sides (P = 0.021). Furthermore, CIMT correlated positively with age in both diabetic and control groups. Conclusion: This study has shown a statistically significant increase in CIMT in diabetics compared to nondiabetics and age shows a significant correlation with CIMT. Reference value for CIMT in nondiabetic subjects in Northeastern Nigeria has been obtained.
{"title":"B-mode ultrasound assessment of carotid intima–media thickness among adult diabetics and normal adults in Gombe, Northeastern Nigeria","authors":"Ibrahim Mohammed, M. Dahiru, H. Umar, U. Aminu, T. Suleiman, P. Ibinaiye, MC Dahiru Aminu, Yusuf Hadiza","doi":"10.4103/JRMT.JRMT_13_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JRMT.JRMT_13_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT) has been established as an early predictor of general arteriosclerosis in patients with diabetes. However, there is a paucity of information on CIMT of the common carotid artery (CCA) in healthy patients and in patients with risk factors for cardiovascular diseases such as diabetics, hypertension, and obesity in our environment. The aim of this study was to compare the CIMT in adult patients with diabetes and normal subjects in our institution in Gombe, Northeastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This case–control study was conducted over a period of 8 months (from April 2015 to December 2015) at Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe, on 105 adult diabetic patients and 105 normal adults aged 18 years and above. The CCA was scanned with a PHILIPS HD-9 ultrasound scanner equipped with Doppler facility using a 7.5 MHz linear transducer. Three measurements of the CIMT were obtained at 1 cm proximal to the right and left carotid bulbs and the mean value of the measurements was recorded. Results: The age range of the diabetics comprising 54% of males and 46% of females was 23–79 years, while the range of control group comprising of 53% of males and 47% of females was 18–68 years. The overall mean CIMT (MCIMT) was 0.97 ± 0.4 mm and 0.73 ± 0.1 mm for diabetics and nondiabetic subjects, respectively. MCIMT was significantly higher in diabetics compared to nondiabetic subjects (P = 0.000). In diabetics, overall MCIMT values were 0.96 ± 0.2 mm and 0.91 ± 0.2 mm on the right and left sides, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between the two sides (P = 0.000), while in the normal group, the overall MCIMT values on the right and left sides were 0.75 ± 0.1 mm and 0.73 ± 0.1 mm, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between the two sides (P = 0.021). Furthermore, CIMT correlated positively with age in both diabetic and control groups. Conclusion: This study has shown a statistically significant increase in CIMT in diabetics compared to nondiabetics and age shows a significant correlation with CIMT. Reference value for CIMT in nondiabetic subjects in Northeastern Nigeria has been obtained.","PeriodicalId":319549,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"181 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120870528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diagnostic value of ultrasonographic portal venous index in the assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic viral hepatitis in Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"KofoO Soyebi, Ajibola Agboola, G. Oyeleke","doi":"10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_14_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_14_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":319549,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124887345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Lawal, H. Musa, Aliyu Galadima, AbubakarG Mathew, AliyuSadiya Musa, HalimatShadiat A. Umar, Chibuike Onyesoh
{"title":"Assessment of image quality of plain abdominal radiographs at a northwestern Nigeria tertiary hospital","authors":"S. Lawal, H. Musa, Aliyu Galadima, AbubakarG Mathew, AliyuSadiya Musa, HalimatShadiat A. Umar, Chibuike Onyesoh","doi":"10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_4_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrmt.jrmt_4_20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":319549,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Medicine in the Tropics","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126102233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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