A system is described which is both an improved method for data presentation and a powerful new tool for radar cross section data analysis. The new method can result in more timely analysis of data and greater understanding of test results. Specific analysis activities changed include elimination of the hardcopy by storing all relevant data on a computer, replacement of physical tools with computer-based tools, and replacement of the analysts's notepad with an electronic file record of the work. Much of the mental processing required of the analyst has been replaced by processing on the computer. Other capabilities are new, such as the ability to interactively alter the displayed range of the data. Attention is given to such issues as the location of target scatterers, the aspect dependence of scatterer signature, the characterization of scatterers by radar cross section level, and the determination of the effect of individual scatterers on total signature. An example data set is presented and described.<>
{"title":"Interactive radar signatures analysis","authors":"R. Pokrass, R. Renfro","doi":"10.1109/NTC.1991.148009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NTC.1991.148009","url":null,"abstract":"A system is described which is both an improved method for data presentation and a powerful new tool for radar cross section data analysis. The new method can result in more timely analysis of data and greater understanding of test results. Specific analysis activities changed include elimination of the hardcopy by storing all relevant data on a computer, replacement of physical tools with computer-based tools, and replacement of the analysts's notepad with an electronic file record of the work. Much of the mental processing required of the analyst has been replaced by processing on the computer. Other capabilities are new, such as the ability to interactively alter the displayed range of the data. Attention is given to such issues as the location of target scatterers, the aspect dependence of scatterer signature, the characterization of scatterers by radar cross section level, and the determination of the effect of individual scatterers on total signature. An example data set is presented and described.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":320008,"journal":{"name":"NTC '91 - National Telesystems Conference Proceedings","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131042429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The nature of the RRR mission requires that construction/repair equipment operators be placed in positions that could result in death or bodily harm to the operators. Additionally, the possibility of early loss of trained equipment operators leads to the problem of poor machine performance and consequent unacceptable increases in runway repair times. To overcome these problems the US Air Force is undertaking a research and development effort which involves the following technologies: teleoperation, telerobotics, secure communications, automated damage assessment, operator training simulator, vehicle navigation, vehicle/tool design, and preprogrammed operations. The ultimate goal is the fielding of a robotic repair capability operating at the level of supervised autonomy. The author discusses current and planned efforts in these areas.<>
{"title":"Development of rapid runway repair (RRR) telerobotic construction equipment","authors":"A. Nease","doi":"10.1109/NTC.1991.148038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NTC.1991.148038","url":null,"abstract":"The nature of the RRR mission requires that construction/repair equipment operators be placed in positions that could result in death or bodily harm to the operators. Additionally, the possibility of early loss of trained equipment operators leads to the problem of poor machine performance and consequent unacceptable increases in runway repair times. To overcome these problems the US Air Force is undertaking a research and development effort which involves the following technologies: teleoperation, telerobotics, secure communications, automated damage assessment, operator training simulator, vehicle navigation, vehicle/tool design, and preprogrammed operations. The ultimate goal is the fielding of a robotic repair capability operating at the level of supervised autonomy. The author discusses current and planned efforts in these areas.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":320008,"journal":{"name":"NTC '91 - National Telesystems Conference Proceedings","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127847899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The capabilities and structure of three airborne radar system simulations are presented. The air-to-air electronic countermeasures model was developed to evaluate the performance of pulsed Doppler radar sensors in an electronic warfare environment. The air-to-ground radar assessment model simulates several ground mapping modes of a modern pulsed Doppler radar system and their susceptibility to active and passive jamming. The terrain countermeasures seeker model was developed as a tool to analyze the effect of terrain countermeasures on sensor performance. Each simulation is reviewed with emphasis on its role in radar sensor vulnerability assessment. Representative output from each simulation is shown.<>
{"title":"Modern digital simulation of airborne sensor performance and vulnerability","authors":"L. L. Harkness, J. Bach, C.R. Stephenson","doi":"10.1109/NTC.1991.148025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NTC.1991.148025","url":null,"abstract":"The capabilities and structure of three airborne radar system simulations are presented. The air-to-air electronic countermeasures model was developed to evaluate the performance of pulsed Doppler radar sensors in an electronic warfare environment. The air-to-ground radar assessment model simulates several ground mapping modes of a modern pulsed Doppler radar system and their susceptibility to active and passive jamming. The terrain countermeasures seeker model was developed as a tool to analyze the effect of terrain countermeasures on sensor performance. Each simulation is reviewed with emphasis on its role in radar sensor vulnerability assessment. Representative output from each simulation is shown.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":320008,"journal":{"name":"NTC '91 - National Telesystems Conference Proceedings","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126690912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The mechanization equations for generating the INS (inertial navigation system) solution in the proper coordinates are presented. Two different Kalman filter error models for integrating GPS (Global Positioning System) with INS are derived. The model which uses spheroidal component differences rather than Cartesian vector differences is preferable, since it uses error states which can be directly corrected in the INS mechanization equations.<>
{"title":"GPS/INS integration for civil aviation","authors":"J. Diesel","doi":"10.1109/NTC.1991.148022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NTC.1991.148022","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanization equations for generating the INS (inertial navigation system) solution in the proper coordinates are presented. Two different Kalman filter error models for integrating GPS (Global Positioning System) with INS are derived. The model which uses spheroidal component differences rather than Cartesian vector differences is preferable, since it uses error states which can be directly corrected in the INS mechanization equations.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":320008,"journal":{"name":"NTC '91 - National Telesystems Conference Proceedings","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131101465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The GPS and GLONASS systems are compared, and the satellites' status, the Magnavox GPS/GLONASS navigator, the system time difference, data processing software, and test results (combined GPS/GLONASS coverage and positioning and GLONASS receiver performance) are examined. It is noted that a constellation of 48 navigation satellites consisting of 24 GPS and 24 GLONASS satellites should be available by the mid-1990s. To take full advantage of these satellites, navigation equipment can be built to track both types of satellites and process the combined data.<>
{"title":"Combined GPS/GLONASS navigation","authors":"S. M. Chamberlain","doi":"10.1109/NTC.1991.148017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NTC.1991.148017","url":null,"abstract":"The GPS and GLONASS systems are compared, and the satellites' status, the Magnavox GPS/GLONASS navigator, the system time difference, data processing software, and test results (combined GPS/GLONASS coverage and positioning and GLONASS receiver performance) are examined. It is noted that a constellation of 48 navigation satellites consisting of 24 GPS and 24 GLONASS satellites should be available by the mid-1990s. To take full advantage of these satellites, navigation equipment can be built to track both types of satellites and process the combined data.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":320008,"journal":{"name":"NTC '91 - National Telesystems Conference Proceedings","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128538230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author considers trends in avionics architecture development, and the selection of the underlying technology used to build the integrated avionics, given processing and platform requirements. Processing includes communications, navigation and identification, electronic warfare, electrooptics, video, controls and displays, and radar applications. The radar application is used to illustrate the requirements analysis process. It is pointed out that advanced packaging techniques, high-performance data networks, photonics and fiber-optic technologies support the implementation of advanced integrated avionics systems. The avionics architecture incorporates a system-wide approach to delivering sufficient communications connectivity and capacity. It also addresses the underlying signal processing engines used to perform applications processing. The integrated avionics architecture provides a coherent model of system operation, user services, and a development environment fully supportive of the application development process.<>
{"title":"Trends in future avionics architectures incorporating radar processing technology","authors":"M.J. Beacken","doi":"10.1109/NTC.1991.148024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NTC.1991.148024","url":null,"abstract":"The author considers trends in avionics architecture development, and the selection of the underlying technology used to build the integrated avionics, given processing and platform requirements. Processing includes communications, navigation and identification, electronic warfare, electrooptics, video, controls and displays, and radar applications. The radar application is used to illustrate the requirements analysis process. It is pointed out that advanced packaging techniques, high-performance data networks, photonics and fiber-optic technologies support the implementation of advanced integrated avionics systems. The avionics architecture incorporates a system-wide approach to delivering sufficient communications connectivity and capacity. It also addresses the underlying signal processing engines used to perform applications processing. The integrated avionics architecture provides a coherent model of system operation, user services, and a development environment fully supportive of the application development process.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":320008,"journal":{"name":"NTC '91 - National Telesystems Conference Proceedings","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132562596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors describe remote operation of a telerobotic underwater vehicle system. As part of an educational effort called the JASON Project, students from a network of downlink sites across North America piloted the vehicle in the course of an archeological expedition in Lake Ontario. The vehicle, control system, telecommunications, and remote control station technology are described, and operational results are reported.<>
{"title":"Remote control of a telerobotic underwater vehicle via satellite","authors":"D. Yoerger, R. Weiman, T. Somers","doi":"10.1109/NTC.1991.148041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NTC.1991.148041","url":null,"abstract":"The authors describe remote operation of a telerobotic underwater vehicle system. As part of an educational effort called the JASON Project, students from a network of downlink sites across North America piloted the vehicle in the course of an archeological expedition in Lake Ontario. The vehicle, control system, telecommunications, and remote control station technology are described, and operational results are reported.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":320008,"journal":{"name":"NTC '91 - National Telesystems Conference Proceedings","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122044167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author explains why a certain degree of vehicle autonomy will be necessary for affordable, yet realistic teleoperator control of rotary wing target drones engaging in NOE (nap-of-the-earth) flight regimes during NLOS (non-line-of-sight) conditions. It is noted that a rotary wing target drone operating in NLOS, NOE modes should implement both primary and backup command and telemetry links. Frequency hopping/spread spectrum techniques, information coding, and redundant transmissions should be used to achieve some degree of processing margin. A transponder for tracking should be incorporated into the drone command and telemetry links to reduce cost; however, care must be taken to assure that transponder activity does not adversely increase the latency of the command and control system. A relay must be used to allow NLOS operation while maintaining acceptable overall link margin. Relay specifications are discussed. The various automatic flight control modes that should be designed into the flight control system are: heading hold, altitude hold, position hold, lost link, auto take-off, auto landing, and auto-maneuver.<>
{"title":"Telerobotic control issues for NLOS, NOE rotary wing target drones","authors":"R. Michelson","doi":"10.1109/NTC.1991.148042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NTC.1991.148042","url":null,"abstract":"The author explains why a certain degree of vehicle autonomy will be necessary for affordable, yet realistic teleoperator control of rotary wing target drones engaging in NOE (nap-of-the-earth) flight regimes during NLOS (non-line-of-sight) conditions. It is noted that a rotary wing target drone operating in NLOS, NOE modes should implement both primary and backup command and telemetry links. Frequency hopping/spread spectrum techniques, information coding, and redundant transmissions should be used to achieve some degree of processing margin. A transponder for tracking should be incorporated into the drone command and telemetry links to reduce cost; however, care must be taken to assure that transponder activity does not adversely increase the latency of the command and control system. A relay must be used to allow NLOS operation while maintaining acceptable overall link margin. Relay specifications are discussed. The various automatic flight control modes that should be designed into the flight control system are: heading hold, altitude hold, position hold, lost link, auto take-off, auto landing, and auto-maneuver.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":320008,"journal":{"name":"NTC '91 - National Telesystems Conference Proceedings","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123823941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An alternative eigenstructure assignment formulation which has inherent advantages over a previous formulation is introduced. A highly nonlinear performance index has been replaced by a quadratic one at the expense of an increase in the nonlinearity and number of constraints. Overall, the present formulation presents a significantly simpler problem from a numerical optimization viewpoint. Additionally, the gap between the achievable eigenstructure and the desired eigenstructure appears explicitly in the performance index as opposed to implicitly in its prior counterpart. The capability of the new formulation is illustrated in the design of a mode-decoupled roll-yaw autopilot for a generic non-axisymmetrical airframe.<>
{"title":"An alternate optimal formulation for robust eigenstructure assignment","authors":"R. Wilson, J. Cloutier","doi":"10.1109/NTC.1991.147979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NTC.1991.147979","url":null,"abstract":"An alternative eigenstructure assignment formulation which has inherent advantages over a previous formulation is introduced. A highly nonlinear performance index has been replaced by a quadratic one at the expense of an increase in the nonlinearity and number of constraints. Overall, the present formulation presents a significantly simpler problem from a numerical optimization viewpoint. Additionally, the gap between the achievable eigenstructure and the desired eigenstructure appears explicitly in the performance index as opposed to implicitly in its prior counterpart. The capability of the new formulation is illustrated in the design of a mode-decoupled roll-yaw autopilot for a generic non-axisymmetrical airframe.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":320008,"journal":{"name":"NTC '91 - National Telesystems Conference Proceedings","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124279259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Canada is contributing a robotic mobile servicing system (MSS) to the Space Station Freedom, which will play an integral role in the assembly of Freedom and its operation. One element of the MSS, the special purpose dexterous manipulator, is a dual arm robot having the capability to perform dexterous tasks. The SPDM will replace much of the extravehicular astronaut activity which would otherwise be required for maintenance and assembly of the station. In order to enhance the operational efficiency and autonomy of the SPDM and the other MSS robotic elements, technology development efforts have been undertaken. The author describes the SPDM design and discusses the SPDM tools, vision system, control system, and ground testbed.<>
{"title":"The Space Station Freedom special purpose dexterous manipulator (SPDM)","authors":"D. Hunter","doi":"10.1109/NTC.1991.148049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NTC.1991.148049","url":null,"abstract":"Canada is contributing a robotic mobile servicing system (MSS) to the Space Station Freedom, which will play an integral role in the assembly of Freedom and its operation. One element of the MSS, the special purpose dexterous manipulator, is a dual arm robot having the capability to perform dexterous tasks. The SPDM will replace much of the extravehicular astronaut activity which would otherwise be required for maintenance and assembly of the station. In order to enhance the operational efficiency and autonomy of the SPDM and the other MSS robotic elements, technology development efforts have been undertaken. The author describes the SPDM design and discusses the SPDM tools, vision system, control system, and ground testbed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":320008,"journal":{"name":"NTC '91 - National Telesystems Conference Proceedings","volume":"386 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121246871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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