Landsat 6 (L6), a remote land sensing satellite, is scheduled to be launched into a 705 km, circular, sun-synchronous orbit by a Titan-II booster in mid 1992. The L6 satellite has been designed to provide 30 m spatial resolution multispectral image data continuity via an enhanced thematic mapper (ETM) sensor which includes a panchromatic band with 15 m spatial resolution. A brief background description of the Landsat system is provided and the top-level L6 mission requirements are reviewed to identify the sensor and spacecraft bus design drivers. The L6-era combined EOSAT ground/space system configuration is highlighted. The design and operation of the high-data-rate ETM mission sensor and the major spacecraft bus subsystems are described in detail.<>
{"title":"The Landsat-6 satellite: an overview","authors":"E.W. Mowle, C. Dennehy","doi":"10.1109/NTC.1991.148030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NTC.1991.148030","url":null,"abstract":"Landsat 6 (L6), a remote land sensing satellite, is scheduled to be launched into a 705 km, circular, sun-synchronous orbit by a Titan-II booster in mid 1992. The L6 satellite has been designed to provide 30 m spatial resolution multispectral image data continuity via an enhanced thematic mapper (ETM) sensor which includes a panchromatic band with 15 m spatial resolution. A brief background description of the Landsat system is provided and the top-level L6 mission requirements are reviewed to identify the sensor and spacecraft bus design drivers. The L6-era combined EOSAT ground/space system configuration is highlighted. The design and operation of the high-data-rate ETM mission sensor and the major spacecraft bus subsystems are described in detail.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":320008,"journal":{"name":"NTC '91 - National Telesystems Conference Proceedings","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126284465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The results of a study of several polarimetric target detection algorithms are presented. The study concerns the Lincoln Laboratory millimeter-wave SAR sensor, a fully polarimetric, 35 GHz synthetic-aperture radar. Fully polarimetric measurements (HH, HV, VV) are processed into intensity imagery using adaptive and nonadaptive polarimetric whitening filters (PWFs), and the amount of speckle reduction is quantified. Then a two-parameter CFAR (constant false alarm rate) detector is run over the imagery to detect the targets. Nonadaptive PWF processed imagery is shown to provide better detection performance than either adaptive PWF processed imagery or single-polarimetric-channel HH imagery. In addition, nonadaptive PWF processed imagery is shown to be visually clearer than adaptive PWF processed imagery.<>
{"title":"Optimal polarimetric processing for enhanced target detection","authors":"Leslie M. Novak, M. Burl, W. W. Irving","doi":"10.1109/NTC.1991.147989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NTC.1991.147989","url":null,"abstract":"The results of a study of several polarimetric target detection algorithms are presented. The study concerns the Lincoln Laboratory millimeter-wave SAR sensor, a fully polarimetric, 35 GHz synthetic-aperture radar. Fully polarimetric measurements (HH, HV, VV) are processed into intensity imagery using adaptive and nonadaptive polarimetric whitening filters (PWFs), and the amount of speckle reduction is quantified. Then a two-parameter CFAR (constant false alarm rate) detector is run over the imagery to detect the targets. Nonadaptive PWF processed imagery is shown to provide better detection performance than either adaptive PWF processed imagery or single-polarimetric-channel HH imagery. In addition, nonadaptive PWF processed imagery is shown to be visually clearer than adaptive PWF processed imagery.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":320008,"journal":{"name":"NTC '91 - National Telesystems Conference Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128955584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is pointed out that the successful utilization of RCS (radar cross section) imaging requires three vital elements: (1) an effective measurement program; (2) the ability to understand the data products; and (3) the ability to translate that understanding into an effective course of action. Full utilization of the information contained in a set of wideband RCS measurements requires at least some working knowledge of the effects of digital signal processing on well-known generic scattering features. Processing modeled data for a particular target under test shows exactly how the measured imagery should appear if no error or noise sources were present. This knowledge allows the analyst to study the actual measured data much more critically. Such conditions can lead to improved understanding of the target under test, and ultimately to improved RCS designs.<>
{"title":"RCS imaging: theory and practice","authors":"J.C. Davis","doi":"10.1109/NTC.1991.148010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NTC.1991.148010","url":null,"abstract":"It is pointed out that the successful utilization of RCS (radar cross section) imaging requires three vital elements: (1) an effective measurement program; (2) the ability to understand the data products; and (3) the ability to translate that understanding into an effective course of action. Full utilization of the information contained in a set of wideband RCS measurements requires at least some working knowledge of the effects of digital signal processing on well-known generic scattering features. Processing modeled data for a particular target under test shows exactly how the measured imagery should appear if no error or noise sources were present. This knowledge allows the analyst to study the actual measured data much more critically. Such conditions can lead to improved understanding of the target under test, and ultimately to improved RCS designs.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":320008,"journal":{"name":"NTC '91 - National Telesystems Conference Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130838249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors define some terminology and give a brief overview of the types of ECM (electronic countermeasures) and their effects on radar. The fundamental principles that the designer can exploit in the design of new ECCM (electronic counter-countermeasure) techniques are examined. The impact on the RF, analog processing, and digital processing subsystems of the radar is discussed.<>
{"title":"Trends in electronic counter-countermeasures","authors":"G. V. Morris, T.A. Kastle","doi":"10.1109/NTC.1991.148028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NTC.1991.148028","url":null,"abstract":"The authors define some terminology and give a brief overview of the types of ECM (electronic countermeasures) and their effects on radar. The fundamental principles that the designer can exploit in the design of new ECCM (electronic counter-countermeasure) techniques are examined. The impact on the RF, analog processing, and digital processing subsystems of the radar is discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":320008,"journal":{"name":"NTC '91 - National Telesystems Conference Proceedings","volume":"12 2-3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132845720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Basic principles of radar polarimetry are introduced. The target characteristic polarization state theory is developed first for the coherent case using the three-step, the basis transformation, and the power (Mueller) matrix optimization procedures. Kennaugh's and Huyen's theories of radar target polarimetry are verified for the monostatic reciprocal case. It is shown that there exist in total five unique pairs of characteristic polarization states for the symmetric scattering matrix, of which two pairs, the cross-polarization null and the copolarization max pairs, are identical, whereas the cross-pol max and the cross-pol saddlepoint pairs are distinct. The fifth pair, the co-pol null pair, lies in the plane spanned by the co-pol max/cross-pol null and the cross-pol max pairs, which determines the target characteristic circle on the polarization sphere reestablishing Huynen's polarization fork concept. The theory is verified by an example in which the co-polarized and cross-polarized power density plots are presented next to the polarization fork.<>
{"title":"Comparison of optimization procedures for the 2*2 Sinclair and the 4*4 Mueller matrices in coherent radar polarimetry and its application to radar target versus background clutter discrimination","authors":"W. Boerner, Wei-Ling Yan, A. Xi, Y. Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1109/NTC.1991.147992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NTC.1991.147992","url":null,"abstract":"Basic principles of radar polarimetry are introduced. The target characteristic polarization state theory is developed first for the coherent case using the three-step, the basis transformation, and the power (Mueller) matrix optimization procedures. Kennaugh's and Huyen's theories of radar target polarimetry are verified for the monostatic reciprocal case. It is shown that there exist in total five unique pairs of characteristic polarization states for the symmetric scattering matrix, of which two pairs, the cross-polarization null and the copolarization max pairs, are identical, whereas the cross-pol max and the cross-pol saddlepoint pairs are distinct. The fifth pair, the co-pol null pair, lies in the plane spanned by the co-pol max/cross-pol null and the cross-pol max pairs, which determines the target characteristic circle on the polarization sphere reestablishing Huynen's polarization fork concept. The theory is verified by an example in which the co-polarized and cross-polarized power density plots are presented next to the polarization fork.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":320008,"journal":{"name":"NTC '91 - National Telesystems Conference Proceedings","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131398593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A multiple function system called the Model 294 Multi-Function Digital Receive System (MFDRS) is described. This equipment is used in the new JPL Alaska earth station to receive ERS-1 data, RADARSAT data, and JERS-1 data and was installed in multiple earth stations around the world. The purpose of the Model 294 receive subsystem is to receive and demodulate high data rate QPSK, UQPSK or BPSK (binary phase shift keying) signals and state estimate the data transmitted from the satellite. The receive subsystem also extracts the tracking information from the antenna feed and delivers it to the antenna control unit to provide autotracking. The main emphasis in the present work is on the signal processing hardware of the MFDRS system. The demodulation and bit synchronization signal conditioning portion of the system is discussed. The MFDRS signal processing hardware consists of the Model 294-1 QPSK/UQPSK Demodulator and the Model 924-2 Multiple Bit Synchronizer Signal Conditioner Unit.<>
{"title":"Multi-function digital receive system for remote sensing satellites","authors":"J. S. Gray","doi":"10.1109/NTC.1991.148034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NTC.1991.148034","url":null,"abstract":"A multiple function system called the Model 294 Multi-Function Digital Receive System (MFDRS) is described. This equipment is used in the new JPL Alaska earth station to receive ERS-1 data, RADARSAT data, and JERS-1 data and was installed in multiple earth stations around the world. The purpose of the Model 294 receive subsystem is to receive and demodulate high data rate QPSK, UQPSK or BPSK (binary phase shift keying) signals and state estimate the data transmitted from the satellite. The receive subsystem also extracts the tracking information from the antenna feed and delivers it to the antenna control unit to provide autotracking. The main emphasis in the present work is on the signal processing hardware of the MFDRS system. The demodulation and bit synchronization signal conditioning portion of the system is discussed. The MFDRS signal processing hardware consists of the Model 294-1 QPSK/UQPSK Demodulator and the Model 924-2 Multiple Bit Synchronizer Signal Conditioner Unit.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":320008,"journal":{"name":"NTC '91 - National Telesystems Conference Proceedings","volume":"5 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134610181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Snyder, L. Vallot, B. Schipper, N. Parker, C. Spitzer
Terminal area flight test results of a differential GPS (Global Positioning System) inertial navigational system are presented. The flight test was a joint Honeywell/NASA-Langley project completed in November 1990. Over 120 landings were made with the NASA Transport Systems Research Vehicle (TSRV), a specially modified Boeing 737-100, including 36 fully automatic differential GPS/inertial landings. A description of the system implementation and preliminary flight test results are provided.<>
介绍了差分GPS惯性导航系统的终端区飞行试验结果。飞行试验是霍尼韦尔/ nasa -兰利联合项目，于1990年11月完成。使用NASA运输系统研究飞行器(TSRV)进行了超过120次着陆，这是一架经过特殊改装的波音737-100，包括36次全自动差分GPS/惯性着陆。给出了系统实现的描述和初步飞行试验结果。
{"title":"Differential GPS/inertial navigation terminal area guidance flight test results","authors":"S. Snyder, L. Vallot, B. Schipper, N. Parker, C. Spitzer","doi":"10.1109/NTC.1991.148020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NTC.1991.148020","url":null,"abstract":"Terminal area flight test results of a differential GPS (Global Positioning System) inertial navigational system are presented. The flight test was a joint Honeywell/NASA-Langley project completed in November 1990. Over 120 landings were made with the NASA Transport Systems Research Vehicle (TSRV), a specially modified Boeing 737-100, including 36 fully automatic differential GPS/inertial landings. A description of the system implementation and preliminary flight test results are provided.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":320008,"journal":{"name":"NTC '91 - National Telesystems Conference Proceedings","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124021234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The problem of designing an MSTR with an optimal fusion center is addressed. Since it was determined that signal processing and classification are best performed at the sensors, the MSTR described is constructed with multiple sensor classifiers; each sensor classifier is designed with some optimal recognition scheme and classifies targets independently of other sensor classifiers. The result of target recognition by an individual sensor is transmitted to a data fusion center that has been optimally designed. The MSTR design is illustrated using radar and infrared (IR) sensors. A specific design example for a two-sensor, three-class MSTR with Gaussian data showed a 14% improvement in the average probability of correct classification (P/sub cc/) over a single-sensor system. This design was further demonstrated in a radar-IR MSTR using field radar and field FLIR (forward-looking infrared) data. The performance results show an average 12% P/sub cc/ improvement over radar alone and 9% P/sub cc/ improvement over IR alone.<>
{"title":"A multi-sensor target recognizer (MSTR)","authors":"D. C. Lai, R. D. McCoy","doi":"10.1109/NTC.1991.148046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NTC.1991.148046","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of designing an MSTR with an optimal fusion center is addressed. Since it was determined that signal processing and classification are best performed at the sensors, the MSTR described is constructed with multiple sensor classifiers; each sensor classifier is designed with some optimal recognition scheme and classifies targets independently of other sensor classifiers. The result of target recognition by an individual sensor is transmitted to a data fusion center that has been optimally designed. The MSTR design is illustrated using radar and infrared (IR) sensors. A specific design example for a two-sensor, three-class MSTR with Gaussian data showed a 14% improvement in the average probability of correct classification (P/sub cc/) over a single-sensor system. This design was further demonstrated in a radar-IR MSTR using field radar and field FLIR (forward-looking infrared) data. The performance results show an average 12% P/sub cc/ improvement over radar alone and 9% P/sub cc/ improvement over IR alone.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":320008,"journal":{"name":"NTC '91 - National Telesystems Conference Proceedings","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122383770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary form only given. The US Army Tank-Automotive Command (TACOM) is support of the Department of Defense (DOD) Unmanned Ground Vehicle (HGV) program is executing an evolutionary program leading to intelligent UGV mobility and mission performance. The UGV Control Testbed (UGVCT) is the focus of TACOM research efforts, providing an incubator/field laboratory for the evolution and evaluation of advanced UGV technology. UGVCT is an integrated approach that allows researchers to assess UGV system impact on research in soldier-machine interface, communication, navigation, mission package automation, and systems architectures. The UGVCT has three distinct mobility levels: teleoperation, computer-aided remote driving, and autonomous road following. The UGVCT has three control stations with the capability to simultaneously control up to four UGVs. This capability will assist in defining research areas for DOD Demo II, which focuses on the demonstration of multiple UGV control. The UGVCT provides unique multifaceted control technology options which will be evaluated under DOD Demo I.<>
{"title":"Unmanned Ground Vehicle control technology","authors":"G. Lane, P. Lescoe, S. Cooper","doi":"10.1109/NTC.1991.148040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NTC.1991.148040","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. The US Army Tank-Automotive Command (TACOM) is support of the Department of Defense (DOD) Unmanned Ground Vehicle (HGV) program is executing an evolutionary program leading to intelligent UGV mobility and mission performance. The UGV Control Testbed (UGVCT) is the focus of TACOM research efforts, providing an incubator/field laboratory for the evolution and evaluation of advanced UGV technology. UGVCT is an integrated approach that allows researchers to assess UGV system impact on research in soldier-machine interface, communication, navigation, mission package automation, and systems architectures. The UGVCT has three distinct mobility levels: teleoperation, computer-aided remote driving, and autonomous road following. The UGVCT has three control stations with the capability to simultaneously control up to four UGVs. This capability will assist in defining research areas for DOD Demo II, which focuses on the demonstration of multiple UGV control. The UGVCT provides unique multifaceted control technology options which will be evaluated under DOD Demo I.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":320008,"journal":{"name":"NTC '91 - National Telesystems Conference Proceedings","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131880327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cross Systems, Inc. has been developing radar and ECM (electronic countermeasure) simulation systems to be used for the development, test, and evaluation of radar and ECM systems, and for the training of radar and ECM system users. The authors address some of the specific applications of these ECM simulation systems, their capability, and limitations.<>
{"title":"Applications of radar jamming simulation for test, evaluation, and training","authors":"H.S. Estes, M. Krah","doi":"10.1109/NTC.1991.148027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NTC.1991.148027","url":null,"abstract":"Cross Systems, Inc. has been developing radar and ECM (electronic countermeasure) simulation systems to be used for the development, test, and evaluation of radar and ECM systems, and for the training of radar and ECM system users. The authors address some of the specific applications of these ECM simulation systems, their capability, and limitations.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":320008,"journal":{"name":"NTC '91 - National Telesystems Conference Proceedings","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128147705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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