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Distinguishability of graphs: a case for quantum-inspired measures 图的可分辨性:量子启发测度的一个例子
A. Polychronopoulou, Jumanah Alshehri, Z. Obradovic
The question of graph similarity or graph distinguishability arises often in natural systems and their analysis over graphical networks. In many domains, graph similarity is used for graph classification, outlier detection or the identification of distinguished interaction patterns. Several methods have been proposed on how to address this topic, but graph comparison still presents many challenges. Recently, information physics has emerged as a promising theoretical foundation for complex networks. In many applications, it has been demonstrated that natural complex systems exhibit features that can be described and interpreted by measures typically applied in quantum mechanical systems. Therefore, a natural starting point for the identification of network similarity measures is information physics and a series of measures of distance for quantum states. In this work, we report experiments on synthetic and real-world data sets, and compare quantum-inspired measures to a series of state-of-the-art and well-established methods of graph distinguishability. We show that quantum-inspired methods satisfy the mathematical and intuitive requirements for graph similarities, while offering high interpretability.
图的相似性或图的可分辨性的问题经常出现在自然系统和他们的分析图形网络。在许多领域,图相似度被用于图分类、离群点检测或区分交互模式的识别。关于如何解决这个问题,已经提出了几种方法,但是图形比较仍然存在许多挑战。最近,信息物理学已经成为复杂网络的一个有前途的理论基础。在许多应用中,已经证明自然复杂系统表现出可以用量子力学系统中典型应用的测量来描述和解释的特征。因此,识别网络相似性度量的自然起点是信息物理学和量子态的一系列距离度量。在这项工作中,我们报告了合成和现实世界数据集的实验,并将量子启发的措施与一系列最先进和完善的图形可分辨性方法进行了比较。我们证明了量子启发的方法满足图相似度的数学和直观要求,同时提供了很高的可解释性。
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引用次数: 1
Multi-view hypergraph convolution network for semantic annotation in LBSNs 面向LBSNs语义标注的多视图超图卷积网络
Manisha Dubey, P. K. Srijith, M. Desarkar
Semantic characterization of the Point-of-Interest (POI) plays an important role for modeling location-based social networks and various related applications like POI recommendation, link prediction etc. However, semantic categories are not available for many POIs which makes this characterization difficult. Semantic annotation aims to predict such missing categories of POIs. Existing approaches learn a representation of POIs using graph neural networks to predict semantic categories. However, LBSNs involve complex and higher order mobility dynamics. These higher order relations can be captured effectively by employing hypergraphs. Moreover, visits to POIs can be attributed to various reasons like temporal characteristics, spatial context etc. Hence, we propose a Multi-view Hypergraph Convolution Network (Multi-HGCN) where we learn POI representations by considering multiple hypergraphs across multiple views of the data. We build a comprehensive model to learn the POI representation capturing temporal, spatial and trajectory-based patterns among POIs by employing hypergraphs. We use hypergraph convolution to learn better POI representation by using spectral properties of hypergraph. Experiments conducted on three real-world datasets show that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches.
兴趣点(Point-of-Interest, POI)的语义表征对于基于位置的社交网络建模以及诸如兴趣点推荐、链接预测等各种相关应用具有重要作用。然而,许多poi无法使用语义类别,这使得这种描述变得困难。语义标注旨在预测poi的缺失类别。现有的方法使用图神经网络学习poi的表示来预测语义类别。然而,lbsn涉及复杂的高阶迁移动力学。这些高阶关系可以通过使用超图有效地捕获。此外,景点的访问可归因于各种原因,如时间特征、空间背景等。因此,我们提出了一个多视图超图卷积网络(Multi-HGCN),我们通过考虑跨多个数据视图的多个超图来学习POI表示。我们建立了一个综合模型来学习POI表示,通过超图捕捉POI之间的时间、空间和基于轨迹的模式。我们利用超图的谱特性,利用超图卷积来学习更好的POI表示。在三个真实数据集上进行的实验表明,所提出的方法优于最先进的方法。
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引用次数: 1
LocationTrails: a federated approach to learning location embeddings LocationTrails:一种学习位置嵌入的联合方法
Saket Gurukar, Srinivas Parthasarathy, R. Ramnath, Catherine Calder, Sobhan Moosavi
Learning a vector representation of locations that reflect human mobility patterns is useful for various tasks, including location recommendation, city planning, urban analysis, and even understanding the neighborhood effects on individuals' health and well-being. Existing approaches that model and learn such representations either do not scale or require significant resources to scale. They often need the entire data to be loaded in memory along with the intermediate data representation (typically a co-location graph) and are usually not feasible to execute on low-resource embedding systems such as edge devices. The research question we seek to address in this article is, can one develop efficient federated learning models for location representation learning such that the training and the subsequent updates of the model can occur on edge devices? We present a simple yet novel model called LocationTrails for learning efficient location embeddings to address this question. We show that our proposed model can be trained under the federated learning paradigm and can, therefore, ensure that the model can be trained in a distributed fashion without centralizing locations visited by all users, thereby mitigating some risks to privacy. We evaluate the performance of LocationTrails on five real-world human mobility datasets drawn from two use cases (four of them from driving trajectory data obtained from a national insurance agency; and one of them from a unique study of adolescent mobility patterns in an urban setting). We compare our proposed LocationTrails model against the strong baselines from the network representation learning field. We show the efficacy of LocationTrails in terms of better embedding quality generation, memory consumption, and execution time. To the best of our knowledge, the federated LocationTrails model is the first model that can generate efficient location embeddings without requiring the complete data to be loaded on a central server.
学习反映人类移动模式的地点向量表示对于各种任务都很有用,包括地点推荐、城市规划、城市分析,甚至了解社区对个人健康和福祉的影响。现有的建模和学习这种表示的方法要么不能扩展,要么需要大量的资源来扩展。它们通常需要将整个数据连同中间数据表示(通常是协同定位图)一起加载到内存中,并且通常不适合在诸如边缘设备之类的低资源嵌入系统上执行。我们在本文中寻求解决的研究问题是,是否可以为位置表示学习开发有效的联邦学习模型,以便在边缘设备上进行模型的训练和后续更新?我们提出了一个简单而新颖的模型,称为LocationTrails,用于学习有效的位置嵌入来解决这个问题。我们表明,我们提出的模型可以在联邦学习范式下进行训练,因此可以确保模型可以以分布式方式进行训练,而无需集中所有用户访问的位置,从而降低了一些隐私风险。我们评估了LocationTrails在五个真实世界人类移动数据集上的性能,这些数据集来自两个用例(其中四个来自国家保险机构获得的驾驶轨迹数据;其中一个来自一项关于城市环境下青少年流动模式的独特研究)。我们将提出的LocationTrails模型与来自网络表示学习领域的强基线进行比较。我们展示了LocationTrails在更好的嵌入质量生成、内存消耗和执行时间方面的功效。据我们所知,联邦LocationTrails模型是第一个可以生成有效位置嵌入而不需要在中央服务器上加载完整数据的模型。
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引用次数: 3
Community detection in feature-rich networks to meet K-means 在特征丰富的网络中满足K-means的社区检测
S. Shalileh, B. Mirkin
We derive two extensions of the celebrated K-means algorithm as a tool for community detection in feature-rich networks. We define a data-recovery criterion additively combining conventional least-squares criteria for approximation of the network link data and the feature data at network nodes by a partition along with its within-cluster "centers". The dimension of the space at which the method operates is the sum of the number of nodes and the number of features, which may be high indeed. To tackle the so-called curse of dimensionality, we may replace the innate Euclidean distance with cosine distance sometimes. We experimentally validate our proposed methods and demonstrate their efficiency by comparing them to most popular approaches.
我们推导了著名的K-means算法的两个扩展,作为在特征丰富的网络中进行社区检测的工具。我们定义了一个数据恢复准则,将传统的最小二乘准则相加,通过分区及其簇内“中心”来逼近网络链路数据和网络节点上的特征数据。该方法操作的空间维数是节点数和特征数的总和,这个维数可能确实很高。为了解决所谓的维度诅咒,我们有时可以用余弦距离代替固有的欧几里得距离。我们通过实验验证了我们提出的方法,并通过将它们与最流行的方法进行比较来证明它们的效率。
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引用次数: 0
The voice of silence: interpreting silence in truth discovery on social media 沉默之声:解读社交媒体真相发现中的沉默
H. Cui, T. Abdelzaher
This paper enhances the interpretation of silence for purposes of truth discovery on social media. Most solutions to fact-finding problems from social media data focus on what users explicitly post. Absence of a post, however, also plays a key role in interpreting veracity of information. In this paper, we focus on (absent links in) the retweet graph. A user might abstain from propagating content for many potential reasons. For example, they might not be aware of the original post; they might find the content uninteresting; or they might doubt content veracity and refrain from propagation (among other reasons). This paper formulates a joint fact-finding and silence interpretation problem, and shows that the joint formulation significantly improves our ability to distinguish true and false claims. An unsupervised algorithm, Joint Network Embedding and Maximum Likelihood (JNEML) framework, is developed to solve this problem. We show that the joint algorithm outperforms other unsupervised baselines significantly on truth discovery tasks on three empirical data sets collected using the Twitter API.
本文以社交媒体上的真相发现为目的,加强对沉默的解读。从社交媒体数据中寻找事实问题的大多数解决方案都侧重于用户明确发布的内容。然而,没有帖子也在解释信息的真实性方面起着关键作用。在本文中,我们关注的是(缺少链接的)转发图。由于许多潜在的原因,用户可能不愿传播内容。例如,他们可能不知道原始帖子;他们可能会觉得内容无趣;或者他们可能会怀疑内容的真实性并避免传播(以及其他原因)。本文提出了一个共同的事实发现和沉默解释问题,并表明联合表述显著提高了我们区分真假主张的能力。为了解决这一问题,提出了一种无监督算法——联合网络嵌入和最大似然(JNEML)框架。我们表明,在使用Twitter API收集的三个经验数据集上,联合算法在真理发现任务上显著优于其他无监督基线。
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引用次数: 2
IAN: interpretable attention network for churn prediction in LBSNs IAN:用于LBSNs流失预测的可解释注意网络
Liang-yu Chen, Yutong Chen, Young D. Kwon, Youwen Kang, Pan Hui
With the rise of Location-Based Social Networks (LBSNs) and their heavy reliance on User-Generated Content, it has become essential to attract and keep more users, which makes the churn prediction problem interesting. Recent research focuses on solving the task by utilizing complex neural networks. However, due to the black-box nature of those proposed deep learning algorithms, it is still a challenge for LBSN managers to interpret the prediction results and design strategies to prevent churning behavior. Therefore, in this paper, we perform the first investigation into the interpretability of the churn prediction in LBSNs. We proposed a novel attention-based deep learning network, Interpretable Attention Network (IAN), to achieve high performance while ensuring interpretability. The network is capable to process the complex temporal multivariate multidimensional user data from LBSN datasets (i.e. Yelp and Foursquare) and provides meaningful explanations of its prediction. We also utilize several visualization techniques to interpret the prediction results. By analyzing the attention output, researchers can intuitively gain insights into which features dominate the model's prediction of churning users. Finally, we expect our model to become a robust and powerful tool to help LBSN applications to understand and analyze user churning behavior and in turn remain users.
随着基于位置的社交网络(LBSNs)的兴起以及它们对用户生成内容的严重依赖,吸引和留住更多用户变得至关重要,这使得流失预测问题变得有趣起来。最近的研究重点是利用复杂神经网络来解决这一问题。然而,由于这些提出的深度学习算法的黑箱性质,对于LBSN管理人员来说,解释预测结果和设计策略以防止流失行为仍然是一个挑战。因此,在本文中,我们对lbsn中流失预测的可解释性进行了首次研究。为了在保证可解释性的同时实现高性能,我们提出了一种新的基于注意的深度学习网络——可解释注意网络(Interpretable Attention network, IAN)。该网络能够处理来自LBSN数据集(即Yelp和Foursquare)的复杂时间多元多维用户数据,并为其预测提供有意义的解释。我们还利用几种可视化技术来解释预测结果。通过分析注意力输出,研究人员可以直观地了解哪些特征主导了模型对流失用户的预测。最后,我们希望我们的模型能够成为一个强大的工具,帮助LBSN应用程序理解和分析用户流失行为,从而留住用户。
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引用次数: 2
Diagnosis prediction based on similarity of patients physiological parameters 基于患者生理参数相似性的诊断预测
C. Comito, Deborah Falcone, Agostino Forestiero
Medical staff can be considerably supported in patient healthcare delivery thanks to the adoption of machine learning and deep learning methods by enhancing clinicians decisions and analysis with targeted clinical knowledge, patient information, and other health data. This paper proposes a learning methodology that, on the basis of the current patient health status, clinical history, diagnostic and laboratory results, provides insights for clinicians in the diagnosis and therapy decision processes. The approach relies on the concept that patients with similar vital signs patterns are, in all probability, affected by the same or very similar health problems. Thus, they can have the same or very similar diagnoses. Patients physiological signals are modeled as time series and the similarity among them is exploited. The method is formulated as a classification problem in which an ad-hoc multi-label k-nearest neighbor approach is combined with similarity concepts based on word embedding. Experimental results on real-world clinical data have shown that the proposed approach allows detecting diagnoses with a precision up to about 75%.
通过采用机器学习和深度学习方法,通过有针对性的临床知识、患者信息和其他健康数据增强临床医生的决策和分析,医务人员可以在患者医疗保健服务中得到极大的支持。本文提出了一种基于当前患者健康状况、临床病史、诊断和实验室结果的学习方法,为临床医生在诊断和治疗决策过程中提供见解。这种方法依赖于这样一个概念,即具有相似生命体征模式的患者很可能受到相同或非常相似的健康问题的影响。因此,他们可以有相同或非常相似的诊断。将患者生理信号建模为时间序列,并利用时间序列之间的相似性。该方法将自适应多标签k近邻方法与基于词嵌入的相似度概念相结合的分类问题。实际临床数据的实验结果表明,所提出的方法可以以高达75%的精度检测诊断。
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引用次数: 0
Truth and travesty intertwined: a case study of #SSR counterpublic campaign 真相与讽刺交织在一起:#SSR反公众运动案例研究
Kumari Neha, Tushar Mohan, Arun Balaji Buduru, P. Kumaraguru
Twitter has emerged as a prominent social media platform for activism and counterpublic narratives. The counterpublics leverage hashtags to build a diverse support network and share content on a global platform that counters the dominant narrative. This paper applies the framework of connective action on the counter-narrative campaign over the cause of death of #SushantSinghRajput. We combine descriptive network, modularity, and hashtag based topical analysis to identify three major mechanisms underlying the campaign: generative role taking, hashtag-based narratives and formation of alignment network towards a common cause. Using the case study of #SushantSinghRajput, we highlight how connective action framework can be used to identify different strategies adopted by counterpublics for the emergence of connective action.
推特已经成为激进主义和反公众叙事的重要社交媒体平台。反公众利用标签来建立一个多样化的支持网络,并在一个对抗主流叙事的全球平台上分享内容。本文将关联行动的框架应用于#SushantSinghRajput死亡原因的反叙事运动。我们将描述性网络、模块化和基于话题标签的主题分析结合起来,以确定活动的三个主要机制:生成角色扮演、基于话题标签的叙述和面向共同事业的对齐网络的形成。通过对#SushantSinghRajput的案例研究,我们强调了如何使用关联行动框架来识别反公众为关联行动的出现所采取的不同策略。
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引用次数: 1
How disease spread dynamics evolve over time 疾病传播动态如何随时间演变
Ahmad El Shoghri, J. Liebig, R. Jurdak, S. Kanhere
The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease has demonstrated that physical human interactions and modern movement paradigms are the principle drivers for the rapid spatial spread of infectious diseases. Modelling the impact of human mobility is crucial to understand the underlying dynamics of disease spread and consequently to develop effective containment and control strategies. While previous studies have investigated the impact of specific mobility profiles on the spreading dynamics of infectious diseases, they used either highly aggregated spatio-temporal data or portions of datasets that span a short period of time. These limitations do not allow to study how the influence of different mobility aspects on the spread changes as a disease outbreak progresses. In this paper we use large-scale comprehensive human mobility traces to study the impact of the latent period on the spreading dynamics of diseases. In addition, we provide a detailed analysis of how the spreading power of different mobility profiles changes over time. We propose an approach that analyses the behaviour of the individuals' spreading power as time progresses. Through extensive disease spread simulations we uncover a population influence homogeneity threshold, defined by a percentage of the population at which the identified mobility groups become equally influential to the spread.
最近爆发的冠状病毒病表明,人类的身体相互作用和现代运动范式是传染病快速空间传播的主要驱动因素。对人类流动的影响进行建模,对于了解疾病传播的潜在动态,从而制定有效的遏制和控制战略至关重要。虽然以前的研究调查了特定流动概况对传染病传播动态的影响,但它们要么使用高度汇总的时空数据,要么使用跨越短时间的部分数据集。这些限制不允许研究随着疾病爆发的进展,不同的流动性方面对传播的影响如何变化。本文利用大规模的综合人类流动轨迹,研究潜伏期对疾病传播动态的影响。此外,我们还详细分析了不同移动性曲线的传播能力如何随时间变化。我们提出了一种方法来分析个体权力随着时间的推移而扩散的行为。通过广泛的疾病传播模拟,我们发现了人口影响同质性阈值,由确定的流动群体对传播具有同等影响力的人口百分比定义。
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引用次数: 0
POLAR 极地
Demetris Paschalides, G. Pallis, M. Dikaiakos
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining
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