Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.55065/intraders.1499108
Berna Balcı Izgı
This study aims to examine the literature on female labor force participation rates through qualitative content analysis. Data samples include international scientific research articles from the Scopus data base for (2000-2023). Data were collected by transferring the articles to the MAXQDA 2020 software and coding the themes with the software. Expert control used to ensure the reliability of the research. Our study allowed us to see the changing dimensions of the subject in the articles examined. The focus points were based on the research method used in the publications, theoretical framework, increasing FLFP and its reasons, reasons for the decrease, the direction and size of the variables affecting FLFP changing over time, starting from the date of publication. When the reasons for the increase in women's participation in the workforce are examined, it is seen that factors such as education, increased childcare opportunities, age factor, adaptation to home technologies, women being married and wages are effective, respectively. Accordingly; the "wage factor" is not as obvious as it is thought in the increase in women's participation in the workforce. When the reasons for the decrease in women's participation in the workforce are examined, it is seen that there are fertility, alcohol consumption and transportation problems. It is seen that these obstacles are gender-related, psychological and economic. Therefore, it is a very important finding of our study that gender-related, psychological and economic factors should be improved in order to increase women's participation in the workforce. For the policy makers, it is possible to see which aspects of the issue are prominent in different countries. In this way, comparisons between countries can be made easier. It helps to create policy recommendations by taking into account the strengths and weaknesses of women's participation in the workforce at national and global levels.
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Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.55065/intraders.1419292
Rabia Öztaş, Yıldırım Yıldırım
Eating is a biologically fundamental human activity. However, the real importance of eating stems not from its biological necessity but from its symbolic character. Food and eating also have psychological, social, and political significance. Food is a means by which love and desire are expressed and communicated. In addition, food serves purposes beyond filling the stomach, such as self-construction, identity formation, social status, gaining prestige, showing others who you are, and differentiating from others. In this context, the concept of gastroporn is considered a form of food that has moved away from its true meaning and undergone a shift in meaning and is expressed as aesthetic images of unattainable pleasure that replace real food. The presentation and visualization of the food, the preparation of the food, and the kitchen materials used often become more important than the food itself. Changing the existing image of the food and serving it with presentations that can emphasize the feelings and emotions of the consumer is the main reason underlying gastroporn. Although the pairing of food with pornography in the classical sense may sound repulsive and irreconcilable at first, the fact that the artistic aspect rather than the food itself comes to the fore in the dishes made with artistic mastery by the chefs in the kitchen, the "irresistible" erotic connotations of some ingredients and the professional photography of all these reveal the similarities between food and pornography. The sexual connotations of foods such as a burst yolk, a runny chocolate bar, and the elongation of hot cheese, bananas, ice cream, etc., reinforce the connection between food and pornography. The main thing emphasized in this article is that the concept of gastroporn is a new form of transforming food and that social media and food photography contribute positively to this new form.
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Pub Date : 2023-12-26DOI: 10.55065/intraders.1393775
Paşa Gültaş
This paper examines the impact of digital transformation and customer-centricity on the processes businesses use to create customer value in today's business world. It discusses the opportunities digital transformation presents to businesses and explores strategies for increasing customer value to achieve success in the current business environment. Additionally, the text offers practical illustrations of theoretical concepts using anecdotal evidence and real-life cases. Finally, through an analysis of emerging digital transformation trends and their potential benefits for companies striving to enhance customer value, it presents businesses with a strategic outlook.
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Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.55065/intraders.1395563
Dilek GÖZE KAYA, Ayşe Durgun
Ricardocu Denklik Teorisini savunan iktisat okulları (Klasikler ve Parasalcılar gibi) maliye politikalarının ekonomide etkisi olmadığını savunurken, Ricardocu Olmayan Maliye Politikasını savunan iktisat okulları (Keynesyen iktisat, hoş olmayan parasalcı aritmetik ve fiyat düzeyinin mali teorisi gibi) ise bütçe açıklarının enflasyonist etkiye neden olduğunu savunmaktadırlar. Türkiye’de son yirmi yılda bütçe açıklarının enflasyon üzerindeki etkisinin ampirik analizi sonucunda söz konusu politikalardan hangisine meyledildiği ortaya konulmak istenmektedir. Türkiye’nin son yirmi yılını ele alan bu çalışmanın amacı bütçe açıklarının enflasyon üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Bütçe dengesi, tüketici fiyat endeksi ve para arzı değişkenlerinin aylık verileri ile zaman serisi analizleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre değişkenler uzun dönemde eşbütünleşik çıkmışlardır. Bütçe açığında %1’lik artış enflasyonu %0,06 oranında arttırmaktadır. Aynı şekilde para arzındaki %1’lik artış %0,2 oranında enflasyonu arttırmaktadır. Türkiye’de son yirmi yılda bütçe açıklarının enflasyon üzerindeki etkisinin ampirik analizi sonucuna bakılarak Ricardocu Olmayan Maliye Politikasının benimsendiği görülmektedir.
{"title":"TÜRKİYE’DE BÜTÇE DENGESİ VE ENFLASYON İLİŞKİSİ: SON 20 YILIN AMPİRİK ANALİZİ","authors":"Dilek GÖZE KAYA, Ayşe Durgun","doi":"10.55065/intraders.1395563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55065/intraders.1395563","url":null,"abstract":"Ricardocu Denklik Teorisini savunan iktisat okulları (Klasikler ve Parasalcılar gibi) maliye politikalarının ekonomide etkisi olmadığını savunurken, Ricardocu Olmayan Maliye Politikasını savunan iktisat okulları (Keynesyen iktisat, hoş olmayan parasalcı aritmetik ve fiyat düzeyinin mali teorisi gibi) ise bütçe açıklarının enflasyonist etkiye neden olduğunu savunmaktadırlar. Türkiye’de son yirmi yılda bütçe açıklarının enflasyon üzerindeki etkisinin ampirik analizi sonucunda söz konusu politikalardan hangisine meyledildiği ortaya konulmak istenmektedir. Türkiye’nin son yirmi yılını ele alan bu çalışmanın amacı bütçe açıklarının enflasyon üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Bütçe dengesi, tüketici fiyat endeksi ve para arzı değişkenlerinin aylık verileri ile zaman serisi analizleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre değişkenler uzun dönemde eşbütünleşik çıkmışlardır. Bütçe açığında %1’lik artış enflasyonu %0,06 oranında arttırmaktadır. Aynı şekilde para arzındaki %1’lik artış %0,2 oranında enflasyonu arttırmaktadır. Türkiye’de son yirmi yılda bütçe açıklarının enflasyon üzerindeki etkisinin ampirik analizi sonucuna bakılarak Ricardocu Olmayan Maliye Politikasının benimsendiği görülmektedir.","PeriodicalId":322268,"journal":{"name":"InTraders International Trade Academic Journal","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.55065/intraders.1388828
Yusuf Öcel, Şükran Karaca
Son yıllarda Türkiye’de sağlık turizmi pazarı hızlı bir şekilde büyüyerek olgunluk seviyesine ulaşmıştır. Bu durum işletmeler arasında rekabetin yaşanmasına sebep olmaktadır. Dolayısıyla Türkiye’de sağlık turizmi yetki belgesi almış sağlık kurumlarının kent rekabetçiliği seviyelerinin incelenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, sağlık turizminde kent rekabetçiliğinin öncüllerini belirlemeye yönelik bir inceleme yapmaktır. İkincil verilerin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada Türkiye’de iller arasında sağlık turizmi açısından kent rekabetçiliğinin öncülleri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Yapılan araştırmada 55 ilde toplam 627 hastanenin sağlık turizmi yetki belgesi aldığı (22.08.2023 tarihi itibariyle) anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca sağlık turizmi yetki belgesi almış tıp merkezi, muayenehaneler ve diğer sağlık tesisleri de bulunmaktadır. Porter’ın elmas modeli temel alınarak yapılan çalışmada, sağlık turizminde kent rekabetçiliğinde avantaj elde etmek için faktör koşullarında ulaşım altyapısı, doktor sayısı, kaplıca ve içmelerin sayısı ile doğal güzellikler; talep koşullarında turist sayısı ve alternatif turizm çeşitliliği; ilgili ve destekleyici kuruluşlar incelendiğinde hastane, muayenehane, özel tıp merkezi, yetkilendirilmiş aracı kuruluş ve diğer sağlık tesisler; firma yapısı stratejisi ve rekabet konusunda yetkilendirilmiş aracı kuruluş sayısı, hastane yatak kapasite oranı ile jenerik rekabet stratejileri uygulamaları; devlet destekleri incelendiğinde ise bölgesel teşvik uygulama düzeyinin önemli olduğu söylenebilir. Elmas modeli dikkate alındığında sonuç olarak Marmara, İç Anadolu, Ege ve Akdeniz bölgelerinin daha fazla avantaja sahip olduğu anlaşılmıştır.
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Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.55065/intraders.1242708
Vugar Haziyev, Eyyup Ecevi̇t
Özellikle gelişmiş ekonomiler olmak üzere nüfusun yaşlanmasının ülke ekonomileri için ciddi tehditler oluşturduğu ve gelecek on yıllarda ekonomiyi daha da etkileme potansiyeli olduğu bilinmektedir. Bir ülkede nüfusun yaşlı nüfus lehine değişmesinin, ekonomi üzerindeki en önemli etkilerinden birisi de işgücü arzı katılım oranındaki değişimdir. Günümüzde yaşlanma ve yaşlanmanın doğurduğu sorunlar; makro ekonomik değişkenler, işgücü arzı, sosyal güvenlik sistemi, sağlık, bütçe vb. çok boyutlu tartışılmaktadır. Uygulama kısmında Panel DOLS ve Granger nedensellik analizlerinden yararlanılmıştır. 2010-2018 dönemlerini kapsayan verilerin analiz sonuçlarına göre, Türki Cumhuriyetlerinde demografik değişim süreci ile ekonomik büyümenin faktörlerinden biri olan işgücü arasında uzun dönemli negatif yönlü bir ilişki vardır. Yaşlı nüfus, yaşam süresi ve kentleşme oranlarındaki %1’lik artış işgücü arzını sırasıyla %0,14 %0,74 ve %0,008 oranında azaltmaktadır.
{"title":"YAŞLANMA, DOĞUŞTA YAŞAM BEKLENTİSİ VE KENTLEŞMENİN İŞGÜCÜ ARZI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: TÜRKİ CUMHURİYETLERİ ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK ANALİZ","authors":"Vugar Haziyev, Eyyup Ecevi̇t","doi":"10.55065/intraders.1242708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55065/intraders.1242708","url":null,"abstract":"Özellikle gelişmiş ekonomiler olmak üzere nüfusun yaşlanmasının ülke ekonomileri için ciddi tehditler oluşturduğu ve gelecek on yıllarda ekonomiyi daha da etkileme potansiyeli olduğu bilinmektedir. Bir ülkede nüfusun yaşlı nüfus lehine değişmesinin, ekonomi üzerindeki en önemli etkilerinden birisi de işgücü arzı katılım oranındaki değişimdir. Günümüzde yaşlanma ve yaşlanmanın doğurduğu sorunlar; makro ekonomik değişkenler, işgücü arzı, sosyal güvenlik sistemi, sağlık, bütçe vb. çok boyutlu tartışılmaktadır. Uygulama kısmında Panel DOLS ve Granger nedensellik analizlerinden yararlanılmıştır. 2010-2018 dönemlerini kapsayan verilerin analiz sonuçlarına göre, Türki Cumhuriyetlerinde demografik değişim süreci ile ekonomik büyümenin faktörlerinden biri olan işgücü arasında uzun dönemli negatif yönlü bir ilişki vardır. Yaşlı nüfus, yaşam süresi ve kentleşme oranlarındaki %1’lik artış işgücü arzını sırasıyla %0,14 %0,74 ve %0,008 oranında azaltmaktadır.","PeriodicalId":322268,"journal":{"name":"InTraders International Trade Academic Journal","volume":"45 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139172972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.55065/intraders.1390704
Mustafa Kavacik
Competitiveness relates to an economy's ability to produce products efficiently and effectively, enabling it to compete in domestic and global markets. It encompasses factors such as productivity, innovation, quality, cost-efficiency, and market access. Competitive economies are more likely to attract investment, create jobs, and achieve higher levels of economic development. Especially competitiveness rankings provide opportunity of benchmarking, effective policy guidance, attractive investment, global comparison and eveluation. In this respect, this study has been conducted to examine Turkey's export structure in the period 2001-2021 within the framework of Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System and to compare its competitiveness with the Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage Index (RSCA). The data used to calculate the RSCA values are taken from TradeMap, the database of the International Trade Centre (ITC). The comparison was made with Turkey's highest trading partners, the countries with the largest share in Turkey's export. While Turkey had RSCA in 37 products in 2001, it increased to 45 products in 2021. Similar to Podoba et al. (2021), product groups are categorised according to observable trends in RSCA values. In 2001, 5 products with RSCA decreased, and in 2021, 12 products with comparative advantage replaced them
{"title":"What Did Turkey Do in terms of Export Competitiveness After 2000?","authors":"Mustafa Kavacik","doi":"10.55065/intraders.1390704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55065/intraders.1390704","url":null,"abstract":"Competitiveness relates to an economy's ability to produce products efficiently and effectively, enabling it to compete in domestic and global markets. It encompasses factors such as productivity, innovation, quality, cost-efficiency, and market access. Competitive economies are more likely to attract investment, create jobs, and achieve higher levels of economic development. Especially competitiveness rankings provide opportunity of benchmarking, effective policy guidance, attractive investment, global comparison and eveluation. In this respect, this study has been conducted to examine Turkey's export structure in the period 2001-2021 within the framework of Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System and to compare its competitiveness with the Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage Index (RSCA). The data used to calculate the RSCA values are taken from TradeMap, the database of the International Trade Centre (ITC). The comparison was made with Turkey's highest trading partners, the countries with the largest share in Turkey's export. While Turkey had RSCA in 37 products in 2001, it increased to 45 products in 2021. Similar to Podoba et al. (2021), product groups are categorised according to observable trends in RSCA values. In 2001, 5 products with RSCA decreased, and in 2021, 12 products with comparative advantage replaced them","PeriodicalId":322268,"journal":{"name":"InTraders International Trade Academic Journal","volume":"34 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139175859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-16DOI: 10.55065/intraders.1365612
Damla Çevik Aka
Supplier selection is one of the most critical processes in a food industry. The requirement for manufacturers to work with different suppliers for many materials often requires them to plan their supply systems separately. Supplier selection in the food industry is one of the multi-criteria decision-making problems that food businesses need to evaluate many criteria, both qualitatively and quantitatively. This study was prepared due to the difficulties experienced by an ice cream producer company regarding the supply of auxiliary materials. The aim of the study is to prioritize the criteria that affect the supplier selection decision for the auxiliary materials of an ice cream producer company. It is expected that the findings of the study will contribute to manufacturers with similar procurement processes by presenting a procedure that they can refer to in the supplier selection decision. In practice, seven criteria to guide supplier selection were evaluated by three experts with the Fuzzy-Trapezoidal DEMATEL method. As a result of the study, while quality is the criterion with the highest weight, compliance with prosedures and good supplier profile criteria are determined as other important criteria.
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Pub Date : 2023-07-29DOI: 10.55065/intraders.1311816
Berkan İmeri̇
There is no doubt that financial intermediation plays a crucial role in the economy of both developed and developing countries. At the same time, the banking sector represents the leading financial intermediary through which developing countries can enhance or boost economic growth in their country. In addition, importance is given to the profitability and efficiency of the banking sector for fulfilling such macroeconomic objectives of the country. In this regard, the main objective of this study is to analyze the efficiency of the banking sector of Western Balkans countries by utilizing secondary data collected from the official reports of the National Banks of the respective countries for the period 2004 – 2020. Thus, Data Envelopment Analysis was implemented to analyze the efficiency of the banks in Western Balkan for the period 2004 – 2020. Moreover, DEA results conclude that banks in Western Balkans operate at a good efficiency level due to an average score above 85% from 2004 – 2020. Montenegro had a continuous high-efficiency score during the last five years, followed by Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Albania, and North Macedonia. Due to the results of the efficiency of the banking sector of the Western Balkans and the specific analysis of the Republic of North Macedonia case, specific policy recommendations are given in this regard to enhance the higher efficiency of the banks in the Republic of North Macedonia.
{"title":"EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE BANKING SECTOR IN WESTERN BALKAN COUNTRIES","authors":"Berkan İmeri̇","doi":"10.55065/intraders.1311816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55065/intraders.1311816","url":null,"abstract":"There is no doubt that financial intermediation plays a crucial role in the economy of both developed and developing countries. At the same time, the banking sector represents the leading financial intermediary through which developing countries can enhance or boost economic growth in their country. In addition, importance is given to the profitability and efficiency of the banking sector for fulfilling such macroeconomic objectives of the country. \u0000In this regard, the main objective of this study is to analyze the efficiency of the banking sector of Western Balkans countries by utilizing secondary data collected from the official reports of the National Banks of the respective countries for the period 2004 – 2020. Thus, Data Envelopment Analysis was implemented to analyze the efficiency of the banks in Western Balkan for the period 2004 – 2020. Moreover, DEA results conclude that banks in Western Balkans operate at a good efficiency level due to an average score above 85% from 2004 – 2020. Montenegro had a continuous high-efficiency score during the last five years, followed by Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Albania, and North Macedonia. \u0000Due to the results of the efficiency of the banking sector of the Western Balkans and the specific analysis of the Republic of North Macedonia case, specific policy recommendations are given in this regard to enhance the higher efficiency of the banks in the Republic of North Macedonia.","PeriodicalId":322268,"journal":{"name":"InTraders International Trade Academic Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127897882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.55065/intraders.1327475
Emine Arzu İMREN KARAOSMANOĞLU, Alig Baghi̇rov, F. Selamzade, Rafał Pitera, Yeter Gasi̇mova
The main reason for this research is to analyze the Polish banking systems with Data Envelopment analysis and its sub-models, to measure efficiency, and then to compare the banks of both countries separately and together, according to the results of the analysis. In this study, the measurement of the efficiency of all 19 banks operating in Poland between 2016-2022 was investigated with CCR and BCC models of an input-oriented the Data Envelopment Analysis. According to the analysis result, efficient and inefficient banks were identified and compared, and potential improvement suggestions were developed for inefficient banks. It has been observed that the efficiency of the banking system has estimated to increase linearly over the years. Results of efficient banks of Poland have been compared and recommended as benchmarks and potential improvement suggestions for inefficient banks.
{"title":"COMPARISON OF THE EFFICIENT OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN BANKS WITH DATA ENVELOPMENTANALYSIS: IN THE CASE OF THE POLAND BANKING SYSTEM (2016-2022 PERIOD)","authors":"Emine Arzu İMREN KARAOSMANOĞLU, Alig Baghi̇rov, F. Selamzade, Rafał Pitera, Yeter Gasi̇mova","doi":"10.55065/intraders.1327475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55065/intraders.1327475","url":null,"abstract":"The main reason for this research is to analyze the Polish banking systems with Data Envelopment analysis and its sub-models, to measure efficiency, and then to compare the banks of both countries separately and together, according to the results of the analysis. In this study, the measurement of the efficiency of all 19 banks operating in Poland between 2016-2022 was investigated with CCR and BCC models of an input-oriented the Data Envelopment Analysis. According to the analysis result, efficient and inefficient banks were identified and compared, and potential improvement suggestions were developed for inefficient banks. It has been observed that the efficiency of the banking system has estimated to increase linearly over the years. Results of efficient banks of Poland have been compared and recommended as benchmarks and potential improvement suggestions for inefficient banks.","PeriodicalId":322268,"journal":{"name":"InTraders International Trade Academic Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129741048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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