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Pandemic Preparedness 大流行防备
Pub Date : 2021-07-07 DOI: 10.51390/VAJBTS.V1I1.19
Nolan H. Barrett, Jessie Yu, Loralee Hoffer, Samuel L. Browning, S. Geller
With inconsistent COVID-19 prevention guidelines being issued across different local governments, an examination of how individual businesses are implementing infection-control interventions on their own is needed. This study assessed the relative compliance of businesses with infection-control guidelines implemented to decrease the spread of COVID-19. Researchers employed an environmental/behavioral checklist to systematically record how the guidelines were followed in community areas where people congregate and risk receiving or spreading COVID-19. Early numbers show that most establishments post signs with guidelines at entrances, require masks for entry, deny entry for symptomatic individuals, and have installed protective barriers between customers and employees. There are also high rates of compliance with mask-wearing guidelines among employees. Future directions include collaboration with other universities for more robust, large-scale data collection and analyses.
由于不同地方政府发布的COVID-19预防指南不一致,因此有必要检查个别企业如何自行实施感染控制干预措施。本研究评估了企业相对遵守为减少COVID-19传播而实施的感染控制指南的情况。研究人员采用了一份环境/行为清单,系统地记录了人们聚集并有可能感染或传播COVID-19的社区地区如何遵循这些指导方针。早期的数据显示,大多数机构在入口处张贴有指导方针的标志,要求戴口罩进入,拒绝有症状的人进入,并在顾客和员工之间安装了保护性屏障。员工中遵守佩戴口罩指导方针的比例也很高。未来的方向包括与其他大学合作,进行更强大、更大规模的数据收集和分析。
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引用次数: 0
Utilizing Split Fluorescent Proteins to Visualize Binary Cell Fate Decisions 利用分裂荧光蛋白可视化二元细胞命运决定
Pub Date : 2021-07-07 DOI: 10.51390/VAJBTS.V1I1.5
Setu Mehta
Binary cell fate decisions serve at a cornerstone of cellular decision-making processes during embryonic development. Understanding and studying these decisions require an intimate knowledge of the spatial and temporal expression dynamics of critical genes. Split fluorescent proteins (sFP) can serve as a novel tool to study these binary cell fate decisions, with unique applications such as the potential to amplify weak genetic signals. Ultimately, sFPs can be utilized to revolutionize the study of protein-protein interactions during embryonic development and beyond.
在胚胎发育过程中,二元细胞的命运决定是细胞决策过程的基石。理解和研究这些决定需要对关键基因的空间和时间表达动力学有深入的了解。分裂荧光蛋白(sFP)可以作为研究这些二元细胞命运决定的新工具,具有独特的应用,例如放大弱遗传信号的潜力。最终,sFPs可以用于彻底改变胚胎发育期间及以后蛋白质相互作用的研究。
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引用次数: 0
A Hybrid Synthetic Aperture and Time-Reversal MUSIC Algorithm for Subwavelength Radar Imaging 一种用于亚波长雷达成像的混合合成孔径和时间反转MUSIC算法
Pub Date : 2021-07-07 DOI: 10.51390/VAJBTS.V1I1.14
Nathaniel Tamminga, Brianna Christensen, S. Petry, E. Chang
A promising chipless RFID approach uses millimeter-wave synthetic aperture radar (SAR) to image metal ink-printed ID tags from a meter or more away. Due to printing cost, it is desirable to minimize the size and spacing of metal patches within a tag, preferably into the subwavelength regime. Although circular SAR (CSAR) has a sharply peaked point response in 2D, its side lobes of closely-spaced targets interfere strongly with each other to distort the image. An alternative 2D subwavelength imaging approach with minimal side lobes is Time-Reversal MUSIC (TR-MUSIC). Traditional TR-MUSIC, however, requires a large number of transmitters and receivers. We propose a hybrid synthetic aperture TR-MUSIC algorithm (SATR-MUSIC) that combines the benefits of both approaches. Using relatively few transceivers, SATR-MUSIC is able to resolve objects separated by approximately  in 2D with minimal background artifacts. It does so by averaging TR-MUSIC’s imaging kernel incoherently over the synthetic aperture.
一种很有前途的无芯片RFID方法使用毫米波合成孔径雷达(SAR)从一米或更远的地方对金属油墨印刷的身份标签进行成像。由于印刷成本的原因,希望将标签内金属贴片的尺寸和间距最小化,最好是进入亚波长范围。尽管圆形SAR (CSAR)在二维图像中具有明显的峰值响应,但其近距离目标的侧瓣之间会产生强烈的干扰,从而导致图像畸变。另一种具有最小侧瓣的二维亚波长成像方法是时间反转音乐(TR-MUSIC)。然而,传统的TR-MUSIC需要大量的发射器和接收器。我们提出了一种混合合成孔径TR-MUSIC算法(SATR-MUSIC),它结合了两种方法的优点。使用相对较少的收发器,sat - music能够以最小的背景伪影解析大约在2D中分离的物体。它是通过在合成孔径上对TR-MUSIC的成像核进行非相干平均来实现的。
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引用次数: 0
SAR Mocomp by machine Learning SAR Mocomp的机器学习
Pub Date : 2021-07-07 DOI: 10.51390/VAJBTS.V1I1.8
Brianna Christensen, E. Chang, Nathaniel Tamminga
All unmanned aerial vehicles that use synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems are equipped with inertial navigation systems (INS) to reduce motion error. Additional motion compensation (MOCOMP) from the data itself is still necessary to achieve required accuracy of a SAR. An affordable method for small drones has yet to be created. We propose machine learning with deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract motion error such as sway (right and left) and surge (forward). Results show that the CNN is capable of recognizing gradual drone motion deviations. It has the potential to pick up sudden motion error as well, overcoming major deficiencies of traditional MOCOMP methods, and the need for INS.
所有使用合成孔径雷达(SAR)系统的无人机都配备了惯性导航系统(INS),以减少运动误差。为了达到SAR所需的精度,数据本身的额外运动补偿(MOCOMP)仍然是必要的。小型无人机的经济实惠的方法尚未创建。我们提出使用深度卷积神经网络(CNN)的机器学习来提取运动误差,如左右摇摆和向前浪涌。结果表明,该方法能够识别无人机运动的逐渐偏离。它还具有检测突然运动误差的潜力,克服了传统MOCOMP方法的主要缺陷和对INS的需求。
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引用次数: 0
Divergent Levels of Functional Connectivity Between Black Americans and Nonhispanic Whites. 美国黑人和非西班牙裔白人功能连接水平的差异。
Pub Date : 2021-07-07 DOI: 10.51390/VAJBTS.V1I1.16
Chinkuli Munkombwe, Maria B. Misiura, Gabriel Martinez, J. Turner
Black Americans are twice as likely as Nonhispanic Whites to develop Alzheimer’s Disease. In a past study, we found that race modifies the relationship between neuroimaging measures and Alzheimer’s biomarkers between functionally connected regions in the brains of Black Americans. In this study, we aim to replicate these findings in a larger cohort of participants and explore what other factors might be contributing to the observed biomarker-connectivity relationship. We found a marginally significant interaction for race by diagnosis such that Black Americans with dementia had lower connectivity between the precuneus and temporal pole. In contrast, our previous study found that Black Americans had increased connectivity within these regions.
美国黑人患阿尔茨海默病的可能性是非西班牙裔白人的两倍。在过去的一项研究中,我们发现种族改变了美国黑人大脑功能连接区域之间的神经成像测量和阿尔茨海默病生物标志物之间的关系。在这项研究中,我们的目标是在更大的参与者队列中复制这些发现,并探索其他因素可能对观察到的生物标志物-连接关系起作用。我们发现种族与诊断有轻微显著的相互作用,例如患有痴呆症的黑人美国人楔前叶和颞极之间的连通性较低。相比之下,我们之前的研究发现,美国黑人在这些地区的联系有所增加。
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引用次数: 0
Ethology, Neurophysiology, Neuropharmacology, Sex Differences, and Effects of Stress on the Defensive Burying Paradigm: A Review 行为学、神经生理学、神经药理学、性别差异和应激对防御性掩埋范式的影响:综述
Pub Date : 2021-07-07 DOI: 10.51390/VAJBTS.V1I1.21
Maya E Koblanski, T. Philippe
The defensive burying paradigm can inform how stressor controllability affects stress adaptation, which has clinical implications with regards to adaptive coping responses following presentation with a stressful situation. Active coping (notably defensive burying) is associated with a controllable stressor, promoting stress adaptation, thus decreases stress hormone levels. In opposition, chronic stress and uncontrollable stressors lead to an increase in passive coping behaviours, with elevated stress hormone levels. Several brain regions have been implicated in active and passive coping, as well as neurotransmitter systems, which can be evaluated via pharmacological manipulation. No sex differences were found in defensive burying, although there were effects of sex hormones within sex.
防御性埋藏范式可以揭示压力源可控性如何影响压力适应,这对出现压力情景后的适应性应对反应具有临床意义。主动应对(尤其是防御性掩埋)与可控制的应激源有关,促进应激适应,从而降低应激激素水平。相反,慢性压力和无法控制的压力源导致被动应对行为的增加,压力激素水平升高。一些大脑区域涉及主动和被动应对,以及神经递质系统,这可以通过药理学操作来评估。尽管两性之间存在性激素的影响,但在防御性埋葬方面没有发现性别差异。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the 2D complex Ginzburg-Landau Equation using Singular Value Decomposition 用奇异值分解分析二维复金兹堡-朗道方程
Pub Date : 2021-07-07 DOI: 10.51390/VAJBTS.V1I1.4
Emily Gottry, E. Ding
The cubic-quintic Ginzburg-Landau equation (CQGLE) governs the dynamics of solitons in lasers and many optical systems. Using data obtained from the simulations of the CQGLE, we performed a singular value decomposition (SVD) to create a low dimensional model that qualitatively predicts the stability of the solitons as a function of the energy gain constant. It was found both in the full simulations and in the low dimensional model that the soliton becomes unstable when the gain exceeds a certain threshold value. Both the low dimensional model and the full simulation demonstrated the same qualitative behavior when the soliton loses stability.
三次五次金兹堡-朗道方程(CQGLE)控制着激光和许多光学系统中孤子的动力学。利用从CQGLE模拟中获得的数据,我们进行了奇异值分解(SVD)来创建一个低维模型,该模型定性地预测了孤子的稳定性作为能量增益常数的函数。在全仿真和低维模型中都发现增益超过一定阈值时孤子变得不稳定。当孤子失去稳定性时,低维模型和完整模拟都显示了相同的定性行为。
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引用次数: 1
Studying Subjective Well-Being during a Quarantine 隔离期间主观幸福感研究
Pub Date : 2021-07-07 DOI: 10.51390/VAJBTS.V1I1.7
Samuel F. Browning, E. Geller
To investigate the impact of writing a gratitude letter on particular mood states, we asked students in two university classes (a research class and a positive psychology class) to complete a 15-item mood assessment survey (MAS) twice a day (once in the morning and once at night). The research students who signed up for one or two pass/fail field-study credits in a research class also completed the MAS twice a day, but they did not write the weekly gratitude letter that was expected from the students in the positive psychology class. Each mood state was averaged per each day for the participants in each group and compared between the Gratitude Group and the Control Group. No group difference occurred for some mood states like “incompetent,” but for the “unmotivated” mood state, a significant difference was found. To investigate the potential effect of weekday, we compared the average mood rating between groups for each day of the week. For the mood state of “unmotivated”, a remarkable dip occurred on Wednesday for the Gratitude group, but not for the Control group. These results indicated that writing a gratitude letter increased the benefactor’s motivation, especially on the day when it was accomplished.
为了调查写感谢信对特定情绪状态的影响,我们要求两个大学班级的学生(一个研究班和一个积极心理学班)完成一份15项的情绪评估调查(MAS),每天两次(早上一次,晚上一次)。那些在研究课上注册了一两个及格或不及格实地研究学分的研究生也每天完成两次MAS,但他们没有像积极心理学课上的学生那样每周写一封感谢信。对每一组参与者每天的情绪状态进行平均,并在感恩组和对照组之间进行比较。在“无能”等情绪状态中,没有组间差异,但在“无动机”情绪状态中,发现了显著差异。为了调查工作日的潜在影响,我们比较了各组之间一周中每天的平均情绪评级。对于“无动力”的情绪状态,感恩组在周三出现了显著下降,而对照组则没有。这些结果表明,写一封感谢信会增加施恩人的动机,尤其是在完成感谢信的当天。
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引用次数: 2
Research and development of scintillation detectors for the study of cosmic ray 用于宇宙射线研究的闪烁探测器的研究与开发
Pub Date : 2021-07-07 DOI: 10.51390/VAJBTS.V1I1.18
Saikat Biswas
At Bose Institute Prof. Debendra Mohan Bose and his co-workers made globally recognised contributions in the field of cosmic rays including the first recording of mu-meson tracks. Prof. D. M. Bose and Dr. Biva Choudhury did their cosmic ray experiments at the Darjeeling campus of Bose Institute (along with Sandakphu and Pharijong). Presently the Darjeeling campus hosts a National facility for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science. In Kolkata also there is a Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS). In these two campuses, we are still working on the R&D of plastic scintillation detectors for the study of the cosmic rays to preserve the legacy of Prof. D. M. Bose. The only cosmic ray air shower array in the eastern part of India, consisting of seven plastic scintillator detectors is commissioned at an altitude of about 2200~meters above sea level (a.s.l.) in the Eastern Himalayas (Darjeeling) at the end of January 2018. The cosmic ray air shower array has a hexagon shape with six detectors kept at the vertices ofthe hexagon and one at the center of it. The distance between two consecutive detectors is 8 meters. Each detectorelement is made up of four plastic scintillators of dimension 50~cm~$times$~50~cm~$times$~1~cm thereby forming a totalactive area of 1~m$^2$. These scintillators are fabricated indigenously in the Cosmic RayLaboratory (CRL), TIFR, Ooty, India. All four scintillators of a detector are coupled with a singlePhoto Multiplier Tube (PMT) using wavelength shifting (WLS) fibers. A custom-built module withseven inputs is used to generate a multi-fold trigger. Measurement of the number of cosmic ray airshower is going on since the end of January 2018. The secondary cosmic ray flux and its variation overtime are also recorded at the laboratory in Darjeeling using a three-fold coincidence technique withplastic scintillators. All the details of the experimental setup, techniques of measurement are reported earlier. The updates in the results are presented in this article. In this review article, the details of the R&D program of plastic scintillation detectors carried out during the last five years, for the study of cosmic ray is reported.
在玻色研究所,Debendra Mohan Bose教授和他的同事在宇宙射线领域做出了全球公认的贡献,包括首次记录μ介子轨迹。博斯教授和比瓦·乔杜里博士在博斯研究所大吉岭校区(以及山打普和法利宗)进行了宇宙射线实验。目前,大吉岭校区拥有一个国家天体粒子物理和空间科学设施。加尔各答还有一个天体粒子物理和空间科学中心。在这两个校区,我们仍在致力于研究宇宙射线的塑料闪烁探测器的研发,以保存博士博士的遗产。由7个塑料闪烁体探测器组成的印度东部唯一的宇宙射线空气阵雨阵列于2018年1月底在喜马拉雅山东部(大吉岭)海拔约2200~米的高度(a.s.l)投入使用。宇宙射线空气阵雨阵列呈六边形,六个探测器分别位于六边形的顶点和中心。两个连续探测器之间的距离为8米。每个探测元件由4个尺寸为50~cm × 50~cm × 1~cm的塑料闪烁体组成,从而形成1~m × 2 ×的总活跃面积。这些闪烁体是在印度奥蒂的TIFR宇宙射线实验室(CRL)本土制造的。探测器的所有四个闪烁体都使用波长移位(WLS)光纤与单个光倍增管(PMT)耦合。一个带有7个输入的定制模块用于生成多重触发器。自2018年1月底以来,对宇宙射线气雨数量的测量一直在进行。在大吉岭实验室,利用塑料闪烁体的三倍重合技术记录了二次宇宙射线通量及其随时间的变化。实验设置的所有细节,测量技术都在前面报道过。本文介绍了结果的更新。本文综述了近五年来我国为研究宇宙射线而进行的塑料闪烁探测器的研发计划。
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引用次数: 0
Virginia Tech Science Festival on Mozilla Hubs Mozilla Hubs上的弗吉尼亚理工大学科学节
Pub Date : 2021-07-07 DOI: 10.51390/VAJBTS.V1I1.12
Anvitha Anumolu, W. Stadtlander
This paper discusses the development of a virtual environment for pre-college students to have more interactive, and educational out of classroom experiences.  This can be achieved by initial development of a virtual environment, testing with local educators, revising, and implementing changes.
本文讨论了一个虚拟环境的开发,使大学预科学生有更多的互动,教育的课堂外体验。这可以通过虚拟环境的初始开发、与当地教育者进行测试、修改和实现更改来实现。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Virginia Journal of Business, Technology, and Science
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