Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences N.Ya. Matyukhin, the Designer of Computers for Soviet Air Defense
苏联科学院通讯委员。Matyukhin，苏联防空计算机的设计者
{"title":"Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences N.Ya. Matyukhin - The Designer of Computers for Soviet Air Defense","authors":"T. Aleksandridi, Ekaterina Matyukhina","doi":"10.1109/SORUCOM.2014.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SORUCOM.2014.8","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences N.Ya. Matyukhin, the Designer of Computers for Soviet Air Defense","PeriodicalId":322555,"journal":{"name":"2014 Third International Conference on Computer Technology in Russia and in the Former Soviet Union","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116594728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vladimir Melnikov was a disciple of the great Russian scientist, academician Sergei Lebedev, who was the founder of the national computer science, the creator of the first Soviet computers, the chief designer of computers that made up the famous BESM line (high-speed electronic computers). Since 1950, being the fifth-year student, he worked in the Academic Institute of Precise Mechanics and Computer Engineering (IPMCE), where participated in the development of the first soviet electronic computer. The serial BESM version was called BESM-2, and Melnikov became the executive in charge. Later this computer was replicated in China. A significant role in the life of Melnikov was played by the creation of the transistor BESM-6 computer, on which he worked as a deputy chief designer. In 1967, this computer was put into production and was produced for 17 years. In 1969 Melnikov started the design and development of a computing system "BESM-6 pairing hardware interface" (HI-6). In 1975, during the Soviet-American space flight 'Soyuz-Apollo' the operation was carried out on the system, built on the basis of HI-6 and BESM-6, that also provided a highly automated processing of ballistic and telemetry data in the Soviet Mission Control Center. Since 1978 Melnikov began to develop a new supercomputer, which had the name 'Electronics SS BIS' and was close to the American supercomputer Cray 1 in its instruction set.
俄罗斯科学院院士弗拉基米尔·梅尔尼科夫(Vladimir Melnikov)是伟大的俄罗斯科学家谢尔盖·列别捷夫(Sergei Lebedev)院士的弟子，列别捷夫是国家计算机科学的创始人，是苏联第一台计算机的创造者，是组成著名的BESM(高速电子计算机)系列计算机的首席设计师。从1950年开始，作为五年级的学生，他在精密机械和计算机工程学术研究所(IPMCE)工作，参与了苏联第一台电子计算机的开发。连续的BESM版本被称为BESM-2，梅尔尼科夫成为主管。后来这台电脑在中国被复制了。在梅尔尼科夫的一生中，一个重要的角色是晶体管bsm -6计算机的发明，他是该计算机的副总设计师。1967年，这台计算机投入生产，生产了17年。1969年，Melnikov开始设计和开发计算系统“bsm -6配对硬件接口”(HI-6)。在1975年，在苏联-美国太空飞行“联盟-阿波罗”(Soyuz-Apollo)期间在系统上执行操作，在HI-6和bsm -6的基础上建造，也在苏联任务控制中心提供弹道和遥测数据的高度自动化处理。自1978年以来，梅尔尼科夫开始开发一种新的超级计算机，名为“Electronics SS BIS”，其指令集与美国超级计算机Cray 1接近。
{"title":"V.A. Melnikov - The Architect of Soviet Computers and Computer Systems","authors":"V. Karpova, Leonid E. Karpov","doi":"10.1109/SORUCOM.2014.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SORUCOM.2014.9","url":null,"abstract":"Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vladimir Melnikov was a disciple of the great Russian scientist, academician Sergei Lebedev, who was the founder of the national computer science, the creator of the first Soviet computers, the chief designer of computers that made up the famous BESM line (high-speed electronic computers). Since 1950, being the fifth-year student, he worked in the Academic Institute of Precise Mechanics and Computer Engineering (IPMCE), where participated in the development of the first soviet electronic computer. The serial BESM version was called BESM-2, and Melnikov became the executive in charge. Later this computer was replicated in China. A significant role in the life of Melnikov was played by the creation of the transistor BESM-6 computer, on which he worked as a deputy chief designer. In 1967, this computer was put into production and was produced for 17 years. In 1969 Melnikov started the design and development of a computing system \"BESM-6 pairing hardware interface\" (HI-6). In 1975, during the Soviet-American space flight 'Soyuz-Apollo' the operation was carried out on the system, built on the basis of HI-6 and BESM-6, that also provided a highly automated processing of ballistic and telemetry data in the Soviet Mission Control Center. Since 1978 Melnikov began to develop a new supercomputer, which had the name 'Electronics SS BIS' and was close to the American supercomputer Cray 1 in its instruction set.","PeriodicalId":322555,"journal":{"name":"2014 Third International Conference on Computer Technology in Russia and in the Former Soviet Union","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128526436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
By the beginning of 1990-ies, parallel architectures started to apply in microprocessor systems. At that time, the transputer architecture was considered to be the most prospective one, i.e., an architecture of specialized microprocessors to be used in parallel computations with the capability to create a computational environment with a multitude of processors. At the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences a number of projects were developed with using such computational systems for a variety of objectives: controllers of CAMAC systems in various control and management systems for physical plants, systems for data acquisition and processing in the VME standard, accelerating boards for IBM PCs to perform data processing and modeling.
{"title":"Using Transputer Computing Systems at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics","authors":"A. Chertovskikh, I. Rachek","doi":"10.1109/SORUCOM.2014.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SORUCOM.2014.26","url":null,"abstract":"By the beginning of 1990-ies, parallel architectures started to apply in microprocessor systems. At that time, the transputer architecture was considered to be the most prospective one, i.e., an architecture of specialized microprocessors to be used in parallel computations with the capability to create a computational environment with a multitude of processors. At the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences a number of projects were developed with using such computational systems for a variety of objectives: controllers of CAMAC systems in various control and management systems for physical plants, systems for data acquisition and processing in the VME standard, accelerating boards for IBM PCs to perform data processing and modeling.","PeriodicalId":322555,"journal":{"name":"2014 Third International Conference on Computer Technology in Russia and in the Former Soviet Union","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132277544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Norbert Wiener in Moscow","authors":"Y. Fet","doi":"10.1109/SORUCOM.2014.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SORUCOM.2014.50","url":null,"abstract":"Norbert Wiener in Moscow","PeriodicalId":322555,"journal":{"name":"2014 Third International Conference on Computer Technology in Russia and in the Former Soviet Union","volume":"6 23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132324057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Presents a number of aspects of the history of electronic computers in Kazan in the second half of the twentieth veka.Na based developer of computer memories Kazan discusses organization design departments, building and testing models of cars of different generations, mission-critical projects that had defense implications. Attention is paid to the specific characteristics of memories as a source, which, despite the paucity of information of a technical nature, contains a variety of information from everyday life KB workers inside and outside the plant. It is possible to reconstruct the human face of the domestic history of computer technology to better understand the position of both supporters and opponents of technological progress, and most importantly-pomoch the younger generation to understand why a person as an end and not a means, should act measure for assessing the government's actions and the state whole.
{"title":"The Development of Information Technologies in the USSR: Memories of Kazan Computer Developers","authors":"I. A. Gataullina","doi":"10.1109/SoRuCom.2014.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SoRuCom.2014.42","url":null,"abstract":"Presents a number of aspects of the history of electronic computers in Kazan in the second half of the twentieth veka.Na based developer of computer memories Kazan discusses organization design departments, building and testing models of cars of different generations, mission-critical projects that had defense implications. Attention is paid to the specific characteristics of memories as a source, which, despite the paucity of information of a technical nature, contains a variety of information from everyday life KB workers inside and outside the plant. It is possible to reconstruct the human face of the domestic history of computer technology to better understand the position of both supporters and opponents of technological progress, and most importantly-pomoch the younger generation to understand why a person as an end and not a means, should act measure for assessing the government's actions and the state whole.","PeriodicalId":322555,"journal":{"name":"2014 Third International Conference on Computer Technology in Russia and in the Former Soviet Union","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129706520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the USSR the IT industry was conceived at the end of 1960-ies primarily within Universities and specialized R&D institutions of the Academy of Sciences and industrial Ministries. The paper provides a description of how a formalized process of industrial software development was established. The author's personal experience in disseminating the CMM/CMMI maturity models in the USSR and Russia since early 1990-ies is also taken into account.
{"title":"Formation of the Discipline of Programming in Russia","authors":"Sergey Baranov","doi":"10.1109/SORUCOM.2014.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SORUCOM.2014.30","url":null,"abstract":"In the USSR the IT industry was conceived at the end of 1960-ies primarily within Universities and specialized R&D institutions of the Academy of Sciences and industrial Ministries. The paper provides a description of how a formalized process of industrial software development was established. The author's personal experience in disseminating the CMM/CMMI maturity models in the USSR and Russia since early 1990-ies is also taken into account.","PeriodicalId":322555,"journal":{"name":"2014 Third International Conference on Computer Technology in Russia and in the Former Soviet Union","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122164164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the 1950s the Armenian Communist Party Central Committee and the USSR Council of Ministers approved the deployment of a new (for the republic) scientific and technical area: electronics, computer science and computer engineering (CE) with the focus on research results implementation in the economy. In the early 1950s serial production of semiconductor components (transistors and diodes) was organized in the Soviet Union. Such components replaced vacuum tubes and surpassed all constructive technical and economic indicators in the tens of times. In the middle of the 1950s the Armenian SSR began the development of semiconductor technology: enterprises were created, their main tasks were development and mass production of semiconductor devices for general use, including the needs of defense equipment. These enterprises were destined to become the main element base for the new second generation computers. The process of transferring tube equipment for defense purposes onto semiconductor basis also began: for example, at Yerevan Research Institute of Mathematical Machines (YerRIMM) during a short time period the product HSRTS-4 (high-speed radio telemetry system) was upgraded, which in 1967 had been manufactured in a large series at the “Electron” factory (Yerevan, team leaders A. Kuchukian, T. Sarkisian, V. Arustamian, L. Grigorian, G. Alanakian). YerRIMM participated in the state program on creation of the Unified System of universal computers (USC) and the special purpose automated control system (ACS) necessary for the needs of the Ministry of Defense.
在20世纪50年代，亚美尼亚共产党中央委员会和苏联部长会议批准部署一个新的(共和国的)科学和技术领域:电子，计算机科学和计算机工程(CE)，重点是在经济中实施研究成果。在20世纪50年代早期，苏联组织了半导体组件(晶体管和二极管)的批量生产。这些部件取代了真空管，并超过了所有建设性的技术和经济指标的几十倍。在20世纪50年代中期，亚美尼亚苏维埃社会主义共和国开始发展半导体技术:创建了企业，其主要任务是开发和大规模生产通用半导体设备，包括国防设备的需求。这些企业注定成为新的第二代计算机的主要元素基地。将用于国防目的的管道设备转移到半导体基础上的过程也开始了:例如，在埃里温数学机器研究所(YerRIMM)，在短时间内升级了HSRTS-4(高速无线电遥测系统)产品，该产品于1967年在“电子”工厂(埃里温，团队领导a . Kuchukian, T. Sarkisian, V. Arustamian, L. Grigorian, G. Alanakian)大规模生产。YerRIMM参与了为国防部需要而建立通用计算机统一系统(USC)和专用自动控制系统(ACS)的国家计划。
{"title":"Electronics and Informatics Development in Armenian SSR (1960-1988)","authors":"Sergey Ogandjanian","doi":"10.1109/SORUCOM.2014.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SORUCOM.2014.16","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1950s the Armenian Communist Party Central Committee and the USSR Council of Ministers approved the deployment of a new (for the republic) scientific and technical area: electronics, computer science and computer engineering (CE) with the focus on research results implementation in the economy. In the early 1950s serial production of semiconductor components (transistors and diodes) was organized in the Soviet Union. Such components replaced vacuum tubes and surpassed all constructive technical and economic indicators in the tens of times. In the middle of the 1950s the Armenian SSR began the development of semiconductor technology: enterprises were created, their main tasks were development and mass production of semiconductor devices for general use, including the needs of defense equipment. These enterprises were destined to become the main element base for the new second generation computers. The process of transferring tube equipment for defense purposes onto semiconductor basis also began: for example, at Yerevan Research Institute of Mathematical Machines (YerRIMM) during a short time period the product HSRTS-4 (high-speed radio telemetry system) was upgraded, which in 1967 had been manufactured in a large series at the “Electron” factory (Yerevan, team leaders A. Kuchukian, T. Sarkisian, V. Arustamian, L. Grigorian, G. Alanakian). YerRIMM participated in the state program on creation of the Unified System of universal computers (USC) and the special purpose automated control system (ACS) necessary for the needs of the Ministry of Defense.","PeriodicalId":322555,"journal":{"name":"2014 Third International Conference on Computer Technology in Russia and in the Former Soviet Union","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114253461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Historical aspects of the development and establishment of the information security system at enterprises in Russia, in particular in the Republic of Tatarstan, are described. An approach is offered of how to improve organizational measures to secure information at the enterprise, based on minimizing the construction cost of an information security integrated system at the enterprise, as well as how to increase the level of security provided by ISIS at the enterprise, and to choose the optimal solution for the ISIS construction at enterprises of different ownership forms. Decision-making when optimizing complex systems of information security at enterprises of different forms of 146 ownership will introduce and use the methods and means of information security, protected information resources, at the expense of which the power of the enterprise information security will increase.
{"title":"The History and Prospects of Information Security at Russian Enterprises","authors":"V. Petrovsky, M. Tumbinskaya","doi":"10.1109/SORUCOM.2014.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SORUCOM.2014.38","url":null,"abstract":"Historical aspects of the development and establishment of the information security system at enterprises in Russia, in particular in the Republic of Tatarstan, are described. An approach is offered of how to improve organizational measures to secure information at the enterprise, based on minimizing the construction cost of an information security integrated system at the enterprise, as well as how to increase the level of security provided by ISIS at the enterprise, and to choose the optimal solution for the ISIS construction at enterprises of different ownership forms. Decision-making when optimizing complex systems of information security at enterprises of different forms of 146 ownership will introduce and use the methods and means of information security, protected information resources, at the expense of which the power of the enterprise information security will increase.","PeriodicalId":322555,"journal":{"name":"2014 Third International Conference on Computer Technology in Russia and in the Former Soviet Union","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125160160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In addition to the arithmometers described in this paper, there may still exist some other makes. At least Leningrad handbook 1930 knows artel Standart at Zagorodnyi 10 and 1931 telephone catalog kooperativ Jupiter, which stated that they make arithmometers. Existing examples are, however, not known. The 1939 Leningrad handbook does not list any calculating machine makers, only arithmometer parts were made by the former Kirja typewriter and calculator repair shop at Volodarskogo pr. 59 led then by the successor of Kirja called Kareloizdat.
{"title":"Arithmometer Production in Leningrad","authors":"Timo Leipala","doi":"10.1109/SoRuCom.2014.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SoRuCom.2014.43","url":null,"abstract":"In addition to the arithmometers described in this paper, there may still exist some other makes. At least Leningrad handbook 1930 knows artel Standart at Zagorodnyi 10 and 1931 telephone catalog kooperativ Jupiter, which stated that they make arithmometers. Existing examples are, however, not known. The 1939 Leningrad handbook does not list any calculating machine makers, only arithmometer parts were made by the former Kirja typewriter and calculator repair shop at Volodarskogo pr. 59 led then by the successor of Kirja called Kareloizdat.","PeriodicalId":322555,"journal":{"name":"2014 Third International Conference on Computer Technology in Russia and in the Former Soviet Union","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121930822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary form only given. The Virtual Computer Museum is a non-profit culturalknowledge project that has already entered Russian Internet. It can never be completed, so many efforts are still required and we'll be grateful to all organizations and individual experts for information support and sponsorship to our Museum.
{"title":"A Virtual Computer Museum","authors":"Eduard Proydakov","doi":"10.1109/SORUCOM.2014.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SORUCOM.2014.40","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. The Virtual Computer Museum is a non-profit culturalknowledge project that has already entered Russian Internet. It can never be completed, so many efforts are still required and we'll be grateful to all organizations and individual experts for information support and sponsorship to our Museum.","PeriodicalId":322555,"journal":{"name":"2014 Third International Conference on Computer Technology in Russia and in the Former Soviet Union","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121121755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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